鳙的营养需求与环境胁迫响应研究进展
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摘要
鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)市场需求量逐年增加,通过池塘搭配养殖鳙已难以满足广大消费者的需求,单养或主养鳙将成为主要发展趋势。为获得单养或主养鳙的高产量和高产值,实现"提质增效、减量增收、绿色发展、富裕渔民"的目标,同时还要保证水产品的质量安全,深入研究鳙的营养需求以及环境胁迫对其生理的影响是实现鳙精准投喂和健康养殖的必经之路。文章通过梳理近年来鳙的营养需求以及环境胁迫相关研究,汇总原料消化率、饲料中钙磷水平、饲料脂肪和蛋白水平、投喂频率等营养需求方面以及微囊藻素毒性作用、亚硝酸盐毒性作用、水体蓄积农药毒性作用、热应激等环境胁迫方面的研究情况,指出相关研究的难点,同时建议结合生态毒理学理论开展相关的质量安全研究。
Carp pond polyculture may be hard to meet the requirement for bighead products( Aristichthys nobilis) with the increase in demand. A monoculture system in bighead carp has been becoming the development trend. In order to achieve the goal of"improving quality,increasing efficiency,reducing production,increasing income,green development and affluent fishermen"in the coming few years,it is important not only to increase production and value of bighead,but also to improve andguarantee quality and safety of aquatic products. In this way,studies focused on nutritional requirement and effects of environmental stresses are more important for healthy aquaculture. This paper reviewed nutrition requirements and environmental stresses to bighead carp based on previous studies,especially focusing on ingredients digestibility,the optimal levels of calcium,phosphate,fat and protein in feed,feeding frequency and environmental stress response from microcystin,nitrite levels,pesticides toxicity,and hot temperature. Additionaly,we pointed out the key points and suggestions combined with ecotoxicological theory for future quality safety study.
Carp pond polyculture may be hard to meet the requirement for bighead products( Aristichthys nobilis) with the increase in demand. A monoculture system in bighead carp has been becoming the development trend. In order to achieve the goal of"improving quality,increasing efficiency,reducing production,increasing income,green development and affluent fishermen"in the coming few years,it is important not only to increase production and value of bighead,but also to improve andguarantee quality and safety of aquatic products. In this way,studies focused on nutritional requirement and effects of environmental stresses are more important for healthy aquaculture. This paper reviewed nutrition requirements and environmental stresses to bighead carp based on previous studies,especially focusing on ingredients digestibility,the optimal levels of calcium,phosphate,fat and protein in feed,feeding frequency and environmental stress response from microcystin,nitrite levels,pesticides toxicity,and hot temperature. Additionaly,we pointed out the key points and suggestions combined with ecotoxicological theory for future quality safety study.
引文
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[4]詹斌桂.水库鳙鱼养殖技术及要点分析[J].南方农业,2018(5):95-96.
[5]徐金根,欧阳剑峰,曹烈,等.池塘鳙鱼健康养殖技术[J].科学养鱼,2018(1):17-19.
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[9] Liu L,Tong J,Guo W,et al. Microsatellite-centromere mapping in bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)using gynogenetic diploid families[J]. Aquacult Res,2013,44(9):1470-1488.
[10] Zhu C,Tong J,Yu X,et al. Comparative mapping for bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)against model and nonmodel fishes provides insights into the genomic evolution of cyprinids[J]. Mol Genet Genomics,2015,290(4):1313-1326.
[11] Zhu C,Tong J,Yu X,et al. A second-generation genetic linkage map for bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)based on microsatellite markers[J]. Anim Genet,2015,45(5):699-708.
[12] Gao R,Wang Y,Mu J,et al. Effect of l-histidine on the heat-induced aggregation of bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)myosin in low/high ionic strength solution[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2018,75:174-181.
[13] Liu X,Huang Z,Jia S,et al. The roles of bacteria in the biochemical changes of chill-stored bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis):proteins degradation, biogenic amines accumulation,volatiles production,and nucleotides catabolism[J]. Food Chem,2018,255:174-181.
[14] Liu X,Zhang Y,Li D,et al. Characterization of the microbiota in lightly salted bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)fillets stored at 4℃[J]. Food Microbiol,2017,62:106-111.
[15] Ni W,Zhang J,Yang L. Microcystin accumulation in bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)during a Microcystisdominated bloom and risk assessment of the dietary intake in a fish pond in China[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,24(10):8894-8902.
[16] Li W,Chen J,Xie p,et al. Rapid conversion and reversible conjugation of glutathione detoxification of microcystins in bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)[J]. Aquat Toxicol,2014,147:18-25.
[17] Zhang D,Xie P,Deng X,et al. The role of cysteine conjugation in the detoxification of microcystin-LR in liver of bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis):a field and laboratory study[J]. Ecotoxicology,2012,21(1):244-252.
[18]胡保同.滤食性鱼类摄食机制问题[J].水产科技情报,1983(6):5-7.
[19]谢从新.池养鲢、鳙摄食习性的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1989(4):385-394.
[20] Afzal M,Rab A,Akhtar N,et al. Growth performance of bighead carp Aristichthysnobilis(Richardson)in monoculture system with and without supplementary feeding[J].Pak Vet J,2008,28(2):57-62.
[21]李学梅,朱永久,王旭歌,等.稳定同位素技术分析不同养殖方式下鳙饵料的贡献率[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):278-283.
[22]缪凌鸿,高启平,帅柯,等.鳙鱼人工配合饲料养殖方式探索[J].科学养鱼,2015(1):67-68.
[23] Lovell T. Nutrition and feeding of fish[M]. Bos-ton:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998:1-265.
[24] Halyer J E. Fish Nutrition[M]. 2nded. San Diego:Academic Press,1989:332-421.
[25] De Silva S S,Anderson T A. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture[M]. London:Chapman&Hall,1995:103-142.
[26]申屠基康.大黄鱼对21种饲料原料表观消化率及色氨酸营养需要研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[27]余含,戈贤平,孙盛明,等.鳙鱼对10种蛋白质饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1427-1436.
[28] Lall S P,Lewismccrea L M. Role of nutrients in skeletal metabolism and pathology in fish-An overview[J]. Aquaculture,2007,267(1):3-19.
[29]吉中力.淡水环境中饲料不同的钙和磷水平对花鲈(Lateolabraxjaponicus)钙磷吸收和沉积的影响[D].厦门:集美大学,2016.
[30] Liang H L,Mi H F,Ji K,et al. Effects of dietary calcium levels on growth performance,blood biochemistry and whole body composition in juvenile bighead carp(Aristichthysnobilis)[J]. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc,2018,18:623-631.
[31] Ji K,Liang H L,Mi H F,et al. Effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth performance,plasma biochemical parameters and relative gene expression of lipogenesis of bighead carp,Aristichthysnobilis[J]. Isr J AquacultBamid,2017,69:1451-1459.
[32] Dias J,Alvarez M J,Diez A,et al. Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by dietary protein/energy in juvenile European seabass(Dicentrarchuslabrax)[J]. Aquaculture,1998,161(1/2/3/4):169-186.
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[34]王燕.不同饲料脂肪水平对鳙鱼生长及体组成的影响[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2016.
[35]王辅臣.鳙鱼的慢沉性饲料加工工艺及其对蛋白质适宜需要量的研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2012.
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