Climatology of Transverse Shear Lines Related to Heavy Rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau during Boreal Summer
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摘要
Based on ERA-Interim data and precipitation data of 2474 stations in China during May–October from1981 to 2013, transverse shear lines(TSLs) were identified, and their climatic characteristics and association with torrential rainfall events over the Tibetan Plateau and the region to its east during boreal summer were analyzed statistically, based on three criteria: the meridional shear of zonal wind, the relative vorticity,and the zero contour line of zonal wind. It was found that TSLs are generally west–east oriented over the Tibetan Plateau, with the highest occurrence frequency in June, and least occurrence in October. The high frequency axis of TSLs, parallel to the terrain of the Tibetan Plateau, shifts southward from May to August, and then slightly northward from September to October. The annual average TSL frequency is65.3 days, and there are obvious interannual and interdecal variations of TSLs. The annual fluctuation of TSL frequency is most distinct in the 1980 s, followed by the 2000 s, with average frequency appearing during1995–2000. It was found that the occurrence frequency of TSLs and that of heavy rainfall events over the Tibetan Plateau are stable during 1981–2013. However, the occurrence frequency of the heavy rainfall events resulting from TSLs is decreasing. More than 50% of the TSLs can lead to heavy rainfall, while 40% of the heavy rainfall events are caused by TSLs. TSLs are closely related to heavy rainfalls in the flooding season of June–August over the Tibetan Plateau.
Based on ERA-Interim data and precipitation data of 2474 stations in China during May–October from1981 to 2013, transverse shear lines(TSLs) were identified, and their climatic characteristics and association with torrential rainfall events over the Tibetan Plateau and the region to its east during boreal summer were analyzed statistically, based on three criteria: the meridional shear of zonal wind, the relative vorticity,and the zero contour line of zonal wind. It was found that TSLs are generally west–east oriented over the Tibetan Plateau, with the highest occurrence frequency in June, and least occurrence in October. The high frequency axis of TSLs, parallel to the terrain of the Tibetan Plateau, shifts southward from May to August, and then slightly northward from September to October. The annual average TSL frequency is65.3 days, and there are obvious interannual and interdecal variations of TSLs. The annual fluctuation of TSL frequency is most distinct in the 1980 s, followed by the 2000 s, with average frequency appearing during1995–2000. It was found that the occurrence frequency of TSLs and that of heavy rainfall events over the Tibetan Plateau are stable during 1981–2013. However, the occurrence frequency of the heavy rainfall events resulting from TSLs is decreasing. More than 50% of the TSLs can lead to heavy rainfall, while 40% of the heavy rainfall events are caused by TSLs. TSLs are closely related to heavy rainfalls in the flooding season of June–August over the Tibetan Plateau.
Based on ERA-Interim data and precipitation data of 2474 stations in China during May–October from1981 to 2013, transverse shear lines(TSLs) were identified, and their climatic characteristics and association with torrential rainfall events over the Tibetan Plateau and the region to its east during boreal summer were analyzed statistically, based on three criteria: the meridional shear of zonal wind, the relative vorticity,and the zero contour line of zonal wind. It was found that TSLs are generally west–east oriented over the Tibetan Plateau, with the highest occurrence frequency in June, and least occurrence in October. The high frequency axis of TSLs, parallel to the terrain of the Tibetan Plateau, shifts southward from May to August, and then slightly northward from September to October. The annual average TSL frequency is65.3 days, and there are obvious interannual and interdecal variations of TSLs. The annual fluctuation of TSL frequency is most distinct in the 1980 s, followed by the 2000 s, with average frequency appearing during1995–2000. It was found that the occurrence frequency of TSLs and that of heavy rainfall events over the Tibetan Plateau are stable during 1981–2013. However, the occurrence frequency of the heavy rainfall events resulting from TSLs is decreasing. More than 50% of the TSLs can lead to heavy rainfall, while 40% of the heavy rainfall events are caused by TSLs. TSLs are closely related to heavy rainfalls in the flooding season of June–August over the Tibetan Plateau.
引文
Dee,D.P.,S.M.Uppala,A.J.Simmons,et al.,2011:The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,137,553-597.
Dong Jinhu,1993:An analysis of the general circulation of the early summer drought in central Xizang,1992.Meteor.Mon.,19,41-43.(in Chinese)
He Guangbi,2013:Review of the plateau shear-line studies.Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,33,90-96.(in Chinese)
He Guangbi,Gao Wenliang,and Tu Nini,2009:The observational analysis of shear line and low vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from 2000 to2007.Plateau Meteor.,28,549-555.(in Chinese)
Huang Yimin and Zhang Xinping,2007:Character analysis in variation of seasonal precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,16,537-542.(in Chinese)
Jiao Meiyan,Li Chuan,and Li Yanxiang,2005:Mesoscale analyses of a Sichuan heavy rainfall.J.Appl.Meteor.Sci.,16,699-704.(in Chinese)
Leshan Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province,1976:The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shear line and the rainfall of Leshan County.Meteor.Mon.,3,10-12.(in Chinese)
Li Guoping,Zhao Fuhu,Huang Chuhui,et al.,2014:Analysis of 30-yr climatology of the Tibetan Plateau vortex in summer with NCEP reanalysis data.Chinese J.Atmos.Sci.,38,756-769.(in Chinese)
Li Weijing and Luo Siwei,1986:An numerical experiment of the effect of Tibetan Plateau on a synoptic system in its neighbourhood.Plateau Meteor.,5,245-255.(in Chinese)
Li Yueqing,2000:The PBL wind field at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and its relations with heavy rain-flood of the Changjiang River in 1998.Chinese J.Atmos.Sci.,24,641-648.(in Chinese)
Li Yueqing,Yu Shuhua,Peng Jun,et al.,2009:Yearbook for the Vortex Shear Line Over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2003).Science Press,Beijing,102-112.(in Chinese)
Li Yueqing,Yu Shuhua,Peng Jun,et al.,2010:Yearbook for the Vortex Shear Line Over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2007).Science Press,Beijing,148-160.(in Chinese)
Lin Zhiqiang,2015a:An objective analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortexes based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data:1979-2013.J.Meteor.Res.,73,925-939.
Lin Zhiqiang,2015b:Objective identify method and climatic characteristics of the southern branch trough.Plateau Meteor.,34,684-689.(in Chinese)
Lin Zhiqiang,2015c:Analysis of Tibetan Plateau vortex activities using ERA-Interim data for the period1979-2013.J.Meteor.Res.,29,720-734.
Liu Fuming and Pan Pingshan,1987:A study on the moving southward of shear line with quasi-E-Worientation over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,6,56-64.(in Chinese)
Lu Heli,Shao Quanqin,Liu Jiyuan,et al.,2007:Temporo-spatial distribution of summer precipitation over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the last44 years.Acta Geographica Sinica,62,946-958.(in Chinese)
Ma Jiali and Yao Xiuping,2015:Statistical analysis of the shear lines and torrential rains over the YangtzeHuaihe River region during June-July of 1981-2013.Acta Meteor.Sinica,73,883-894.(in Chinese)
Neu,U.,G.M.Akperov,N.Bellenbaum,et al.,2013:IM-ILAST:A community effort to intercompare extratropical cyclone detection and tracking algorithms.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,94,529-547.
Qiao Quanming and Tan Haiqing,1984:The structure of 500-mb shear line and large-scale circulation over Qingzang Plateau in summer.Plateau Meteor.,3,50-57.(in Chinese)
Qiao Quanming and Zhang Yagao,1994:Synoptic Meteorology of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.China Meteorological Press,Beijing,102-116.(in Chinese)
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Meteorological Science Study Group in Lhasa,1981:Vortex Shear Line Study at500 h Pa over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Summer.Science Press,Beijing,1-122.
Shi Rui and He Guangbi,2011:Contrast analysis on background circulation of plateau shear line moving out and not moving out of the Tibetan Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,30,1453-1461.(in Chinese)
Sun Xingchi,Wang Xilei,and Zhou Xuesong,2012:Fine analysis on the rainfall distribution of zonal shear line heavy rain.Meteor.Mon.,38,779-785.(in Chinese)
Tang Hong,2002:Research on the process of the strong precipitation in the summer of Tibetan Plateau.Tibet Science and Technology,51-55.(in Chinese)
Tao Shiyan,Luo Siwei,and Zhang Hongcai,1984:The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau meteorological science experiment and its observation system from May to August in 1979.Meteor.Mon.,10,2-5.(in Chinese)
Xu Guochang,1984:The climatologically synoptic characteristics of the shear line on the 500 mb surface over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,3,36-41.(in Chinese)
Xu Xihua,1987:Analysis on the motion of quasi-eastwest direction wind shear line.Journal of Chengdu Meteorological Institute,80-87.(in Chinese)
Xue Zhi,1980:A case study of a shear line producing heavy rainfall on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Acta Meteor.Sinica,38,142-149.(in Chinese)
Yang Keming,Bi Baogui,Li Yuean,et al.,2001:On flood-causing torrential rainfall in the upstream district of Changjiang River in 1998.Meteor.Mon.,27,9-14.(in Chinese)
Yao Xiuping,Sun Jianyuan,Kang Lan,et al.,2014:Advances on research of shear convergence line over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,33,294-300.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,2000:An analysis of impact of the heavy rain in upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the flood peak of the river in 1998.Meteor.Mon.,26,56-57.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,He Guangbi,and Teng Jiamo,1997:The numerical experiments of influence of shear line over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on a sharp heavy rain in West Sichuan basin.Plateau Meteor.,16,306-311.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,Gao Wenliang,and Pengjun,2012:Statistical analysis on influence of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau vortex activity on precipitation in China.Plateau Meteor.,31,592-604.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,Gao Wenliang,and Peng Jun,2013:Statistical analysis of shearline activity in QXP and its influence on rainfall in China in recent 13 years.Plateau Meteor.,32,1527-1537.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,Gao Wenliang,Xiao Dixiang,et al.,2016:Observational facts regarding the joint activities of the southwest vortex and plateau vortex after its departure from the Tibetan Plateau.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,33,34-46.(in Chinese)
Yu Zhongshui,Kang Shicang,and Jiang Jianyin,2011:Spatial and temporal variations of the night-rain rate during summer over the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Mountain Science,29,627-632.(in Chinese)
Zhao,Y.C.,2015:A study on the heavy-rain-producing mesoscale convective system associated with diurnal variation of radiation and topography in the eastern slope of western Sichuan Plateau.Meteor.Atmos.Phys.,127,123-146.
Zhuo Ga,2006:The analysis of middle and upper reaches Yarlung Zangbo River local rainstorm and dry waterlogging and rainstorm weather system.Tibet Science and Technology,29-31,35.(in Chinese)
Dong Jinhu,1993:An analysis of the general circulation of the early summer drought in central Xizang,1992.Meteor.Mon.,19,41-43.(in Chinese)
He Guangbi,2013:Review of the plateau shear-line studies.Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,33,90-96.(in Chinese)
He Guangbi,Gao Wenliang,and Tu Nini,2009:The observational analysis of shear line and low vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from 2000 to2007.Plateau Meteor.,28,549-555.(in Chinese)
Huang Yimin and Zhang Xinping,2007:Character analysis in variation of seasonal precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,16,537-542.(in Chinese)
Jiao Meiyan,Li Chuan,and Li Yanxiang,2005:Mesoscale analyses of a Sichuan heavy rainfall.J.Appl.Meteor.Sci.,16,699-704.(in Chinese)
Leshan Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province,1976:The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shear line and the rainfall of Leshan County.Meteor.Mon.,3,10-12.(in Chinese)
Li Guoping,Zhao Fuhu,Huang Chuhui,et al.,2014:Analysis of 30-yr climatology of the Tibetan Plateau vortex in summer with NCEP reanalysis data.Chinese J.Atmos.Sci.,38,756-769.(in Chinese)
Li Weijing and Luo Siwei,1986:An numerical experiment of the effect of Tibetan Plateau on a synoptic system in its neighbourhood.Plateau Meteor.,5,245-255.(in Chinese)
Li Yueqing,2000:The PBL wind field at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and its relations with heavy rain-flood of the Changjiang River in 1998.Chinese J.Atmos.Sci.,24,641-648.(in Chinese)
Li Yueqing,Yu Shuhua,Peng Jun,et al.,2009:Yearbook for the Vortex Shear Line Over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2003).Science Press,Beijing,102-112.(in Chinese)
Li Yueqing,Yu Shuhua,Peng Jun,et al.,2010:Yearbook for the Vortex Shear Line Over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2007).Science Press,Beijing,148-160.(in Chinese)
Lin Zhiqiang,2015a:An objective analysis of the Tibetan Plateau vortexes based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data:1979-2013.J.Meteor.Res.,73,925-939.
Lin Zhiqiang,2015b:Objective identify method and climatic characteristics of the southern branch trough.Plateau Meteor.,34,684-689.(in Chinese)
Lin Zhiqiang,2015c:Analysis of Tibetan Plateau vortex activities using ERA-Interim data for the period1979-2013.J.Meteor.Res.,29,720-734.
Liu Fuming and Pan Pingshan,1987:A study on the moving southward of shear line with quasi-E-Worientation over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,6,56-64.(in Chinese)
Lu Heli,Shao Quanqin,Liu Jiyuan,et al.,2007:Temporo-spatial distribution of summer precipitation over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the last44 years.Acta Geographica Sinica,62,946-958.(in Chinese)
Ma Jiali and Yao Xiuping,2015:Statistical analysis of the shear lines and torrential rains over the YangtzeHuaihe River region during June-July of 1981-2013.Acta Meteor.Sinica,73,883-894.(in Chinese)
Neu,U.,G.M.Akperov,N.Bellenbaum,et al.,2013:IM-ILAST:A community effort to intercompare extratropical cyclone detection and tracking algorithms.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,94,529-547.
Qiao Quanming and Tan Haiqing,1984:The structure of 500-mb shear line and large-scale circulation over Qingzang Plateau in summer.Plateau Meteor.,3,50-57.(in Chinese)
Qiao Quanming and Zhang Yagao,1994:Synoptic Meteorology of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.China Meteorological Press,Beijing,102-116.(in Chinese)
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Meteorological Science Study Group in Lhasa,1981:Vortex Shear Line Study at500 h Pa over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Summer.Science Press,Beijing,1-122.
Shi Rui and He Guangbi,2011:Contrast analysis on background circulation of plateau shear line moving out and not moving out of the Tibetan Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,30,1453-1461.(in Chinese)
Sun Xingchi,Wang Xilei,and Zhou Xuesong,2012:Fine analysis on the rainfall distribution of zonal shear line heavy rain.Meteor.Mon.,38,779-785.(in Chinese)
Tang Hong,2002:Research on the process of the strong precipitation in the summer of Tibetan Plateau.Tibet Science and Technology,51-55.(in Chinese)
Tao Shiyan,Luo Siwei,and Zhang Hongcai,1984:The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau meteorological science experiment and its observation system from May to August in 1979.Meteor.Mon.,10,2-5.(in Chinese)
Xu Guochang,1984:The climatologically synoptic characteristics of the shear line on the 500 mb surface over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,3,36-41.(in Chinese)
Xu Xihua,1987:Analysis on the motion of quasi-eastwest direction wind shear line.Journal of Chengdu Meteorological Institute,80-87.(in Chinese)
Xue Zhi,1980:A case study of a shear line producing heavy rainfall on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Acta Meteor.Sinica,38,142-149.(in Chinese)
Yang Keming,Bi Baogui,Li Yuean,et al.,2001:On flood-causing torrential rainfall in the upstream district of Changjiang River in 1998.Meteor.Mon.,27,9-14.(in Chinese)
Yao Xiuping,Sun Jianyuan,Kang Lan,et al.,2014:Advances on research of shear convergence line over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteor.,33,294-300.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,2000:An analysis of impact of the heavy rain in upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the flood peak of the river in 1998.Meteor.Mon.,26,56-57.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,He Guangbi,and Teng Jiamo,1997:The numerical experiments of influence of shear line over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on a sharp heavy rain in West Sichuan basin.Plateau Meteor.,16,306-311.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,Gao Wenliang,and Pengjun,2012:Statistical analysis on influence of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau vortex activity on precipitation in China.Plateau Meteor.,31,592-604.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,Gao Wenliang,and Peng Jun,2013:Statistical analysis of shearline activity in QXP and its influence on rainfall in China in recent 13 years.Plateau Meteor.,32,1527-1537.(in Chinese)
Yu Shuhua,Gao Wenliang,Xiao Dixiang,et al.,2016:Observational facts regarding the joint activities of the southwest vortex and plateau vortex after its departure from the Tibetan Plateau.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,33,34-46.(in Chinese)
Yu Zhongshui,Kang Shicang,and Jiang Jianyin,2011:Spatial and temporal variations of the night-rain rate during summer over the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Mountain Science,29,627-632.(in Chinese)
Zhao,Y.C.,2015:A study on the heavy-rain-producing mesoscale convective system associated with diurnal variation of radiation and topography in the eastern slope of western Sichuan Plateau.Meteor.Atmos.Phys.,127,123-146.
Zhuo Ga,2006:The analysis of middle and upper reaches Yarlung Zangbo River local rainstorm and dry waterlogging and rainstorm weather system.Tibet Science and Technology,29-31,35.(in Chinese)