三嗪膨胀阻燃硬质发泡聚氨酯材料的制备及性能研究
|
摘要
将自行研究生产的三嗪膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)添加到聚氨酯中制备阻燃硬质发泡聚氨酯(RPUF)材料,通过极限氧指数(LOI)研究了材料的阻燃性能,通过热重分析(TGA)测试研究了材料的热稳定性和成炭性能,通过扫描电镜(SEM)的测试了材料的泡孔结构及燃烧后炭层的表面形貌,同时还研究了阻燃剂添加量对材料的阻燃性能及压缩强度的影响。结果表明:纯RPUF材料的氧指数仅为18.7%,在空气中极易燃烧。当阻燃剂的添加量为25%时,材料的氧指数值提高到了26.1%,同时IFR的加入使得RPUF材料的压缩强度显著提升。TGA结果表明:阻燃剂的添加使得材料的起始热分解温度有所降低,但材料的残炭量得到了很大程度的提高。SEM结果表明:阻燃剂的加入对RPUF材料的泡孔结构影响不大,同时使材料燃烧后的炭层更加的致密和均匀,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。
The flame retardant rigid foamed polyurethane(RPUF) materials were prepared with triazine intumescent flame retardant(IFR) made in our company and rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF). The flame retardant properties of materials were investigated by limiting oxygen index(LOI) tests, the thermal stability and charring capacity of RPUF composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) tests, the cells structure of RPUF materials and the surface morphologies of the char residue were measured by scan electron microscope(SEM). Meanwhile, the effect of additive amount of IFR on the flame retardancy and compressive strength of RPUF were also investigated. The results show that the oxygen index of the pure RPUF material is only 18.7%, which is very easy to burn in the air. When the adding amount of the flame retardant is 25%, the value of the oxygen index of the material increases to 26.1%, and the compression strength of RPUF material is significantly improved with the addition of IFR. TGA results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of the material is decreased with the addition of flame retardant, but the residual carbon content of the material is greatly improved. The SEM results show that the addition of flame retardant has little effect on the bubble structure of RPUF material, and makes the carbon layer more dense and uniform, which improves the flame retardant property of the material.
The flame retardant rigid foamed polyurethane(RPUF) materials were prepared with triazine intumescent flame retardant(IFR) made in our company and rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF). The flame retardant properties of materials were investigated by limiting oxygen index(LOI) tests, the thermal stability and charring capacity of RPUF composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) tests, the cells structure of RPUF materials and the surface morphologies of the char residue were measured by scan electron microscope(SEM). Meanwhile, the effect of additive amount of IFR on the flame retardancy and compressive strength of RPUF were also investigated. The results show that the oxygen index of the pure RPUF material is only 18.7%, which is very easy to burn in the air. When the adding amount of the flame retardant is 25%, the value of the oxygen index of the material increases to 26.1%, and the compression strength of RPUF material is significantly improved with the addition of IFR. TGA results show that the thermal decomposition temperature of the material is decreased with the addition of flame retardant, but the residual carbon content of the material is greatly improved. The SEM results show that the addition of flame retardant has little effect on the bubble structure of RPUF material, and makes the carbon layer more dense and uniform, which improves the flame retardant property of the material.
引文
[1]张腊,米金英.EG/MRP/DMMP协同阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能研究[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2015,28(2):177-179.
[2]Hirschler M M.Polyurethane foam and fire safety[J].Polym Adv Technol,2008,19:521-529.
[3]Kr mer R H,Zammarano M,Linteris G T,et al.Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2010,95:1 115-1 122.
[4]Czerwonka D G.Polyurethane foams from melamine solutions in reactive solvents based on ethyl methyl ketone[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2013,128:3 465-3 472.
[5]Chen M J,Shao Z B,Wang X L,et al.Halogen-free flameretardant flexible polyurethane foam with a novel nitrogenphosphorus flame retardant[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2012,51:9 769-9 776.
[6]Thirumal M,Khastgir D,Nando G B,et al.Halogen-free flame retardant PUF:Effect of melamine compounds on mechanical,thermal and flame retardant properties[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2010,95:1 138-1 145.
[7]Zhang A Z,Zhang Y H,Lv F Z,et al.Synergistic effects of hydroxides and dimethyl methylphosphonate on rigid halogen-free and flame-retarding polyurethane foams[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2013,128:347-353.
[8]K nig A,Kroke E.Methyl-DOPO:A new flame retardant for flexible polyurethane foam[J].Polym Adv Technol,2011,22:5-13.
[9]K nig A,Kroke E.Flame retardancy working mechanism of methyl-DOPO and MPPP in flexible polyurethane foam[J].Fire Mater,2012,36:1-15.
[10]Thirumal M,Nikhil K,Khastgir S D,et al.Halogen-free flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams:Effect of alumina trihydrate and triphenylphosphate on the properties of polyurethane foams[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2010,116:2260-2 268.
[11]Hu X M,Wang D M.Enhanced fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foam by intumescent flame retardants[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2013,129:238-246.
[12]Zhang X G,Ge L L,Zhang W Q,et al.Expandable graphitemethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer composite particles as a flame retardant of rigid polyurethane foam[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2011,122:932-941.
[13]Modesti M,Lorenzetti A.Flame retardancy of polyisocyanuratepolyurethane foams:Use of different charring agents[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2002,78:341-347.
[2]Hirschler M M.Polyurethane foam and fire safety[J].Polym Adv Technol,2008,19:521-529.
[3]Kr mer R H,Zammarano M,Linteris G T,et al.Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2010,95:1 115-1 122.
[4]Czerwonka D G.Polyurethane foams from melamine solutions in reactive solvents based on ethyl methyl ketone[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2013,128:3 465-3 472.
[5]Chen M J,Shao Z B,Wang X L,et al.Halogen-free flameretardant flexible polyurethane foam with a novel nitrogenphosphorus flame retardant[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2012,51:9 769-9 776.
[6]Thirumal M,Khastgir D,Nando G B,et al.Halogen-free flame retardant PUF:Effect of melamine compounds on mechanical,thermal and flame retardant properties[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2010,95:1 138-1 145.
[7]Zhang A Z,Zhang Y H,Lv F Z,et al.Synergistic effects of hydroxides and dimethyl methylphosphonate on rigid halogen-free and flame-retarding polyurethane foams[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2013,128:347-353.
[8]K nig A,Kroke E.Methyl-DOPO:A new flame retardant for flexible polyurethane foam[J].Polym Adv Technol,2011,22:5-13.
[9]K nig A,Kroke E.Flame retardancy working mechanism of methyl-DOPO and MPPP in flexible polyurethane foam[J].Fire Mater,2012,36:1-15.
[10]Thirumal M,Nikhil K,Khastgir S D,et al.Halogen-free flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams:Effect of alumina trihydrate and triphenylphosphate on the properties of polyurethane foams[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2010,116:2260-2 268.
[11]Hu X M,Wang D M.Enhanced fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foam by intumescent flame retardants[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2013,129:238-246.
[12]Zhang X G,Ge L L,Zhang W Q,et al.Expandable graphitemethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer composite particles as a flame retardant of rigid polyurethane foam[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2011,122:932-941.
[13]Modesti M,Lorenzetti A.Flame retardancy of polyisocyanuratepolyurethane foams:Use of different charring agents[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2002,78:341-347.