媒介性主体性——后人类主体话语反思及其新释
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摘要
后人类主体话语是在反思、批判现代性主体话语过程中和背景下形成的。可以把"赛博格"主体话语、信息主义主体话语和"普遍生命力"主体话语看成西方后人类主体话语的代表形态。在反思唯我论、自律论、占有性现代性主体问题上,后人类主体话语取得了一定成效,但存在着固守实体性主体观念、默认主客对立关系、残留人类中心主义等局限。本论文提出"媒介性主体性"话语,尝试对后人类主体问题进行一种新阐释。媒介性主体性话语以媒介化赛博格的生命形态为物质基础,媒介化赛博格以"个体(肉体—意识)—媒介—身份"为基本结构。媒介性主体性具体呈现为主动联接、邀请、聚集、容纳、谋和世界、与之联结和交融的活动性质。媒介性主体性为主体与世界交融共生的主体存在方式提供了现实可能。
Discourse of post-human subject is formed in the process and context of of reflecting on and criticizing the discourse of modern subject. In this regard,the"Cyborg"discourse of subject,informationalism discourse of subject and"universal-vitality"discourse of subject can be seen as the representative forms of discourse of post-human subject in Western countries. When it comes to the reflections on problems related to solipsism,autonomy and modern subject of possession,discourse of post-human subject has made some achievements. However,there are still some limitations which are respectively the subject concept of adherent entity,the relationship mode between the subject and the object,residual anthropocentrism and so on. This paper has put forward the"mediated subjectivity"discourse which aims at providing a new explanation for post-human subject. Mediated subjectivity discourse takes the mediated "Cyborg"life forms as the material basis. The mediated "Cyborg"is in the basic structure as"individual( body-consciousness)-media-identity". Mediated subjectivity is specially presented as active connection,inviting,gathering,tolerance,interacting with the outside world,joint,infusing and other features. Furthermore,mediated subjectivity also practically realizes the communication between the subject and the world,as well as the existing forms of posthuman subject which are intertwined and infused with one another.
Discourse of post-human subject is formed in the process and context of of reflecting on and criticizing the discourse of modern subject. In this regard,the"Cyborg"discourse of subject,informationalism discourse of subject and"universal-vitality"discourse of subject can be seen as the representative forms of discourse of post-human subject in Western countries. When it comes to the reflections on problems related to solipsism,autonomy and modern subject of possession,discourse of post-human subject has made some achievements. However,there are still some limitations which are respectively the subject concept of adherent entity,the relationship mode between the subject and the object,residual anthropocentrism and so on. This paper has put forward the"mediated subjectivity"discourse which aims at providing a new explanation for post-human subject. Mediated subjectivity discourse takes the mediated "Cyborg"life forms as the material basis. The mediated "Cyborg"is in the basic structure as"individual( body-consciousness)-media-identity". Mediated subjectivity is specially presented as active connection,inviting,gathering,tolerance,interacting with the outside world,joint,infusing and other features. Furthermore,mediated subjectivity also practically realizes the communication between the subject and the world,as well as the existing forms of posthuman subject which are intertwined and infused with one another.
引文
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Clark,A..Natural-born Cyborgs:Minds,Technologies,and the Future of Human Intelligence.New York:Oxford University Press,2003.
多尔迈:《主体性的黄昏》,万俊人译。桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2013年。[Dallmayr,F.R..Twilight of Subjectivity:Contributions to a Post-Individualist Theory.Trans.Wan Junren.Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,2013.]
Deleuze,G.,and Guattari F.,What Is Philosophy?London:Verso,1994.
笛卡尔:《第一哲学沉思录》,庞景仁译。北京:商务印书馆,1986年。[Descartes,R..Meditations on First Philosophy.Trans.Pang Jingren.Beijing:The Commercial Press,1986.]
福柯:《词与物:人文科学考古学》,莫伟民译。上海:上海三联书店,2002年。[Foucault,M..The Order of Things:An Archaeology of Human Sciences.Trans.Mo Weimin.Shanghai:SDXJoint Publishing Company,2002.]
福山:《我们的后人类未来:生物技术革命的后果》,黄立志译。桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2017年。[Fukuyama,F..Our Posthuman Future:Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution.Trans.Huang lizhi.Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,2017.]
哈拉维:《类人猿、赛博格和女人---自然的重塑》,陈静、吴义诚译。开封:河南大学出版社,2012年。[Haraway,D.J..Simians,Cyborg,and Women:The Reinvention of Nature.Trans.Chen Jing and Wu Yicheng.Kaifeng:Henan University Press,2012.]
海尔斯:《我们如何成为后人类:文学、信息科学和控制论中的虚拟身体》,刘宇清译。北京:北京大学出版社,2017年。[Hayles,N.K..How We Became Posthuman:Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics,Literature,and Informatics.Trans.Liu Yuqing.Beijing:Peking University Press,2017.]
胡塞尔:《胡塞尔选集》(下),倪梁康选编。上海:上海三联书店,1997年。[Husserl,E..Selected Works of Husserl.Vol.2.Selected by Ni Liangkang.Shanghai:SDX Joint Publishing Company,1997.]
伊德:《让事物“说话”---后现象学与技术科学》,韩连庆译。北京:北京大学出版社,2008年。[Ihde,D..Things Speak:Post-Phenomenology and Technology.Trans.Han lianqing.Beijing:Peking University Press,2008.]
拉康:《拉康选集》,禇孝泉译。上海:上海三联书店,2001年。[Lacan,J..Selected Works of Lacan.Trans.Chu Xiaoquan.Shanghai:SDX Joint Publishing Company,2001.]
Macpherson,C.B..The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism:Hobbes to Locke.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1962.
McLuhan,M..Understanding Me:Lectures and Interviews.Ed.Stephanie McLuhan and David Staines.Toronto:McClelland&Stewart,2003.
穆尔:《赛博空间的奥德赛》,麦永雄译。桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2007年。[Mul,J..Cyberspace Odyssey.Trans.Mai Yongxiong.Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,2007.]
汪民安陈永国编:《尼采的幽灵》。北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001年。[Wang,Minan,and Chen Yongguo,eds.Spectres of Nietzsche.Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press,2001.]