中国对外援助为什么会遭到前所未有的质疑
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摘要
中国对外援助在有效帮助受援国减少贫困、改善民生、增强自主发展能力上发挥了重要作用。但近年来,随着中国经济实力增强和国际影响力提升,中国对外援助的透明度与有效性遭到了前所未有的质疑。客观、公正地讨论中国对外援助的相关争议和质疑,不仅有利于反驳中国大量对外援助对受援国经济发展促进作用下降的论调,而且可以证明中国对外援助会削弱受援国获得西方援助和贷款有效性的指责是缺乏实证依据的,更可以揭示中国对外援助总额似乎与美国相当这种错误认识背后的原因。考虑中国对外援助仍属于南南合作的范围,中国对外援助范围应以发展援助标准高度优惠的政府开发援助为宜;同时,根据新的援外形势,中国应认真总结自身对外援助的经验教训,优化对外援助结构,提高对外援助透明性,强化对援外项目的监管和评估,借鉴西方发达国家援外法律制度的合理成分,尽快建立符合中国国力、体现南南合作特点、具有中国特色的《对外援助法》,使对外援助在有效帮助受援国的同时,能真正作为大国外交的重要手段服务于国家战略与核心利益的需要。
China's foreign aid has played an important role in effectively helping recipient countries to reduce poverty, improve people's livelihood, and enhance their ability to develop independently. However, the lack of transparency and the high level of China's foreign aid and its effectiveness, which are inconsistent with the status of developing countries, have been questioned in recent years as China's economic strength and international influence have increased. This article discusses the disputes and doubts surrounding China's foreign aid objectively and fairly. There is a lack of empirical evidence against the accusation that China's massive foreign aid has not been able to promote the economic development of recipient countries and to weaken the effectiveness of Western aid and loans. It is pointed out that China's total foreign aid is equivalent to that of the United States. In fact, it is caused by confusing funds for different purposes.Considering that China's foreign aid is still in the scope of South-South cooperation, it is recommended that the scope of foreign aid should be limited to government development assistance with highly preferential development assistance standards. According to the new foreign aid situation, China should conscientiously summarize its own foreign aid experience and lessons, optimize the foreign aid structure, improve the transparency of foreign aid, strengthen the supervision and evaluation mechanism for foreign aid projects, and learn from the rational components of foreign aid legal systems in Western developed countries. The "Foreign Aid Law", which conforms to China's national strength,has Chinese characteristics, and reflects the characteristics of South-South cooperation, enables foreign aid to serve the recipient countries effectively while serving the national strategy and core interests as an important means of great-nation diplomacy.
China's foreign aid has played an important role in effectively helping recipient countries to reduce poverty, improve people's livelihood, and enhance their ability to develop independently. However, the lack of transparency and the high level of China's foreign aid and its effectiveness, which are inconsistent with the status of developing countries, have been questioned in recent years as China's economic strength and international influence have increased. This article discusses the disputes and doubts surrounding China's foreign aid objectively and fairly. There is a lack of empirical evidence against the accusation that China's massive foreign aid has not been able to promote the economic development of recipient countries and to weaken the effectiveness of Western aid and loans. It is pointed out that China's total foreign aid is equivalent to that of the United States. In fact, it is caused by confusing funds for different purposes.Considering that China's foreign aid is still in the scope of South-South cooperation, it is recommended that the scope of foreign aid should be limited to government development assistance with highly preferential development assistance standards. According to the new foreign aid situation, China should conscientiously summarize its own foreign aid experience and lessons, optimize the foreign aid structure, improve the transparency of foreign aid, strengthen the supervision and evaluation mechanism for foreign aid projects, and learn from the rational components of foreign aid legal systems in Western developed countries. The "Foreign Aid Law", which conforms to China's national strength,has Chinese characteristics, and reflects the characteristics of South-South cooperation, enables foreign aid to serve the recipient countries effectively while serving the national strategy and core interests as an important means of great-nation diplomacy.
引文
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[11]Zhang Z.X.Why Are the Stakes So High?Misconceptions and Misunderstandings in China’s Quest for Energy Security//H.McKay and L.Song(eds.),Rebalancing and Sustaining Growth in China,Australian National University E-Press,Canberra,2012.
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[14]王磊,殷悦.我国对外援助面临的挑战与对策建议.学习时报,2016-09-26.
[2]张红.中国对外援助从不搞“猫腻”.人民日报(海外版),2018-05-21.
[3]Feigenbaum E.Beijing’s Billions.Foreign Policy,2010,(20).
[4]Dreher A,Fuchs A,Parks B.C.,et.al,China,and Growth:Evidence from a New Global Development Finance Dataset.Aid Data Working Paper,2017,(46).
[5]Hall S.China to Invest in Argentine Railways,Wall Street Journal,2010-07-13.
[6]De Córdoba J.China Oil Deal Gives Chávez a Leg Up.Wall Street Journal,2011-11-09.
[7]国务院新闻办公室.中国的对外援助,2011,(4).
[8]国务院新闻办公室.中国的对外援助,2014,(7).
[9]朱丹丹,黄梅波.中国对外援助能够促进受援国的经济增长吗?--兼论“促贸援助”方式的有效性.中国经济问题,2018,(2).
[10]张中祥.如何应对“中国能源威胁论”--国有能源企业海外投资收购中的政策性银行支持.人民论坛·学术前沿:下,2016,(11).
[11]Zhang Z.X.Why Are the Stakes So High?Misconceptions and Misunderstandings in China’s Quest for Energy Security//H.McKay and L.Song(eds.),Rebalancing and Sustaining Growth in China,Australian National University E-Press,Canberra,2012.
[12]Zhang Z.X.The Overseas Acquisitions and Equity Oil Shares of Chinese National Oil Companies:A Threat to the West but a Boost to China’s Energy Security?Energy Policy,2012,(48).
[13]Gallagher K.P.,Irwin A.,Koleski,K.The New Banks in Town:Chinese Finance in Latin America.[2019-03-01]http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/pubs/rp/gallagherchinesefinancelatinamericabrief.pdf.
[14]王磊,殷悦.我国对外援助面临的挑战与对策建议.学习时报,2016-09-26.