自我谈话对精细与粗放类动作技能表现的影响——基于功能类型与显隐性维度
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摘要
自我谈话对动作表现的影响是体育运动领域中自我谈话研究的主流方向。以往围绕自我谈话与动作表现关系的研究主要考察自我谈话功能类型与动作技能类型之间的匹配关系,较少关注自我谈话表述形式对动作技能表现的影响。因此,本研究在任务匹配假说的基础上,引入自我谈话显隐性(表述形式)这一维度,探讨自我谈话功能类型和表述形式与动作技能类型之间的匹配关系。基于此,本研究设计了2个实验,实验1考察自我谈话功能类型与表述形式对精细类动作技能(飞镖投掷)表现的影响,实验2考察自我谈话功能类型与表述形式对粗放类动作技能(握力)表现的影响。2个实验均为2因素混合设计,实验对象为80名男性本科生。实验结果表明,不发声指导型自我谈话有利于飞镖投掷任务表现,而发声指导型自我谈话有利于握力测试任务表现。本研究表明,指导型自我谈话有利于精细类动作技能表现,尤其是新手;发声自我谈话有利于粗放类动作技能表现,不发声自我谈话有利于精细类动作技能表现。
Self-talk is an important way to influence individual behavior in the field of sports. The main direction of self-talk is the influence on motor performance. Previous studies on the relationship between self-talk and motor performance mainly investigated the matching relationship between functional dimension and motor skill types, and paid less attention to the influence of self-talk expression on motor skill performance. Therefore, on the basis of task matching hypothesis, this study introduces the dimension of self-talk expression mode to explore the matching relationship between self-talk function and expression mode and motor skill. Based on this, two experiments were designed in this study. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of self-talkfunctional and expression modes on the performance of fine motor skill(darts throwing), and experiment 2 investigated the influence of self-talk functional and expression modes on the performance of gross motor skill(handgrip strength). Both experiments were designed with a two-factor mixture, and the subjects were 80 male undergraduates. The experimental results show that covert-Instruction self-talk is beneficial to the performance of darts throwing task,while overt-Instruction self-talk is beneficial to the performance of handgrip testing task.This study shows that instruction self-talk is beneficial to the performance of fine motor skills, especially for beginners.Overt self-talk is beneficial to the expression of gross motor skills, while covert self-talk is beneficial to the expression of fine motor skills.
Self-talk is an important way to influence individual behavior in the field of sports. The main direction of self-talk is the influence on motor performance. Previous studies on the relationship between self-talk and motor performance mainly investigated the matching relationship between functional dimension and motor skill types, and paid less attention to the influence of self-talk expression on motor skill performance. Therefore, on the basis of task matching hypothesis, this study introduces the dimension of self-talk expression mode to explore the matching relationship between self-talk function and expression mode and motor skill. Based on this, two experiments were designed in this study. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of self-talkfunctional and expression modes on the performance of fine motor skill(darts throwing), and experiment 2 investigated the influence of self-talk functional and expression modes on the performance of gross motor skill(handgrip strength). Both experiments were designed with a two-factor mixture, and the subjects were 80 male undergraduates. The experimental results show that covert-Instruction self-talk is beneficial to the performance of darts throwing task,while overt-Instruction self-talk is beneficial to the performance of handgrip testing task.This study shows that instruction self-talk is beneficial to the performance of fine motor skills, especially for beginners.Overt self-talk is beneficial to the expression of gross motor skills, while covert self-talk is beneficial to the expression of fine motor skills.
引文
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[17] 张宇.自我谈话对大学生网球正反手击球表现的影响研究[D].中国矿业大学,2016.
[18] 洪晓彬,郜卫峰,余银.体育运动领域自我谈话研究进展[J].体育学刊,2018,25(02):50-56.
[19] Bahari,S.M.,Shojaei,M.,Mokhtari,P.The effect of overt and covert self-talk on the performance of force- production task[J].European Journal Of Experimental Biology,2012.2(4):1200-1203
[20] Jabbari,E.,Rouzbahani,M.,Dana A,The Effects of Instructional and Motivational Self-Talk on Overt and Covert Levels of Motor Performance[J].Journal Of Psychology & Behavoral Studies,2013.1(1):1-10.
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[22] Hardy,J.,Oliver,E.,& Tod,D.Advances in applied sport psychology:A review[M].London Routledge,2009:37-74.
[23] 23Oxendine,J.Emotional arousal and motor performance.Journal Quest,1970,13:23-30.
[24] Zourbanos,N.,Hatzigeorgiadis,A.The effects of self-talk on dominant and nondominant arm performance on a handball task in primary physical education students[J].The Sport Psychologist,2013,27:171-176.
[25] Lotfi,G.,Tahmasbi,F.,Rabavi,A.The impact of instructional and motivational self-talk on cognitive anxiety,somatic anxiety,and learning of soccershoot skill in beginner players[J].International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research,2016,7(4):543-549.
[26] Aghdasi,M.T.,& Touba,N.The effects of instructional self-talk on girl’s performance,retention and transfer of dart throwing in late childhood and adolescence [J].Journal of Physical Education and Sport,2012,12(3):391-397.
[27] Zinsser,N.,Bunker,L.,Williams,J.M.Applied sport psychology:Personal growth to peak performance(4th Ed.)[M].Mountain View,CA:Mayfield,2001:284-311
[28] Van Raalte,J.L.,Brewer,B.W.,Rivera,P.M.,& Petitpas,A.J.The relationship between observable self-talk and competitive junior tennis players’ performance[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,1994,16:400-415.
[2] Hackfort,D.Routledge Companion to Sport and Exercise Psychology - Global perspectives and fundamental concepts[J].International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,2014,13(3):1-2.
[3] Hardy,J.,Hall,C.,&Hardy,L.Quantifyingathlete self-talk[J].Journal of Sports Science,2005,23:905-917.
[4] Van Raalte,J.L.,Morrey,R.B.,Cornelius,A.E.,& Brewer,B.W.Self-talk of marathon runners [J].The Sport Psychologist,2015,29:258-260.
[5] Harwood,C.,Cumming,J.,& Fletcher,D.Motivational profiles and psychological skills use within elite youth sport[J].Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,2004,16:318-332.
[6] Hatzigeorgiadis,A.,& Biddle,S.J.H.Negative self-talk during sport performance:relationship with pre-competition anxiety and goal-performance discrepancies[J].Journal of Sport Behavior,2008,31(3):237-253.
[7] Van Raalte J L,Cornelius A E,Brewer B W,et al.The Antecedents and Consequences of Self-Talk in Competitive Tennis[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2000,22(4):345-356.
[8] Zourbanos N,Hatzigeorgiadis A,Tsiakaras N,et al.A multimethod examination of the relationship between coaching behavior and athletes’ inherent self-talk[J].Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,2010,32(6):764.
[9] Hardy,J.Speaking clearly:A critical review of self-talk literature[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2006,7:81-97.
[10] Tod,D.,Hardy,J.,& Oliver,E.Effects of self-talk:a systematic review [J].Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,2011,33:666-687.
[11] Perkos,S.,Theodorakis,Y.,Chroni,S .Enhancing Performance and Skill Acquisition in Novice Basketball Players with Instructional Self-Talk[J].The Sport Psychologist,2002,16(4):368-383.
[12] Zetou,E.Makraki,E.The effect of self-talk in learning the volleyball service skill and self-efficacy improvement[J].Journal of Human Sport & Exercise,2012,7(4):794-805.
[13] Wallace,P.J,Mckinlay,B.J,Coletta N A,et al.Effects of Motivational Self-Talk on Endurance and Cognitive Performance in the Heat[J].Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,2017,49(1):191.
[14] Hatzigeorgiadis,A.,Theodorakis,Y.,& Zourbanos,N.Self-talk in the swimming pool:the effects of self-talk on thought content and performance on water-polo tasks[J].Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,2004,16:138-150.
[15] Dana,A.,Shirazi,R.R.,Jalili,F.,& Zamanian,F.The effect of instruction and motivational self talk on performance and retention of discrete and continuous motor tasks[J].Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,2011,5(8):312-315.
[16] 冯燕辉.自我谈话对网球发球表现的影响[D].北京体育大学,2016.
[17] 张宇.自我谈话对大学生网球正反手击球表现的影响研究[D].中国矿业大学,2016.
[18] 洪晓彬,郜卫峰,余银.体育运动领域自我谈话研究进展[J].体育学刊,2018,25(02):50-56.
[19] Bahari,S.M.,Shojaei,M.,Mokhtari,P.The effect of overt and covert self-talk on the performance of force- production task[J].European Journal Of Experimental Biology,2012.2(4):1200-1203
[20] Jabbari,E.,Rouzbahani,M.,Dana A,The Effects of Instructional and Motivational Self-Talk on Overt and Covert Levels of Motor Performance[J].Journal Of Psychology & Behavoral Studies,2013.1(1):1-10.
[21] 杜道明.语言与文化关系新论[J].中国文化研究,2008,4:133-140.
[22] Hardy,J.,Oliver,E.,& Tod,D.Advances in applied sport psychology:A review[M].London Routledge,2009:37-74.
[23] 23Oxendine,J.Emotional arousal and motor performance.Journal Quest,1970,13:23-30.
[24] Zourbanos,N.,Hatzigeorgiadis,A.The effects of self-talk on dominant and nondominant arm performance on a handball task in primary physical education students[J].The Sport Psychologist,2013,27:171-176.
[25] Lotfi,G.,Tahmasbi,F.,Rabavi,A.The impact of instructional and motivational self-talk on cognitive anxiety,somatic anxiety,and learning of soccershoot skill in beginner players[J].International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research,2016,7(4):543-549.
[26] Aghdasi,M.T.,& Touba,N.The effects of instructional self-talk on girl’s performance,retention and transfer of dart throwing in late childhood and adolescence [J].Journal of Physical Education and Sport,2012,12(3):391-397.
[27] Zinsser,N.,Bunker,L.,Williams,J.M.Applied sport psychology:Personal growth to peak performance(4th Ed.)[M].Mountain View,CA:Mayfield,2001:284-311
[28] Van Raalte,J.L.,Brewer,B.W.,Rivera,P.M.,& Petitpas,A.J.The relationship between observable self-talk and competitive junior tennis players’ performance[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,1994,16:400-415.