富油凹陷油气分布有序性与富集差异性——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷为例
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摘要
以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷为对象,在精细地质建模的基础上,以关键成藏要素演化为主线,开展压力-流体-储集性等成藏要素的联动演化及其耦合控藏作用研究,揭示油气分布有序性及富集差异性的内在机制。断陷盆地沉积体系有序性的发育是油藏有序性分布的基础,压力结构的连续性是控制油藏有序性分布的关键。从凹陷中心到边缘,凹陷、二级层序及大规模沉积体系内油藏类型均呈岩性油藏—构造油藏—地层油藏有序分布的特征。酸碱交替作用控制了陡坡带砂砾岩体扇中优质储集层的发育,形成了扇根封堵、扇中富集的油气富集模式,其中扇根与扇中之间的突破压力差决定了油藏富集程度;酸性流体作用控制了滩坝砂和浊积岩优质储集层的发育,烃源岩生烃超压与储集层改善过程中形成的低压所产生的压力差为油气充注提供动力,形成了烃源岩超压控制油气充满度的"压吸"充注机制。研究结果对于成熟探区的精细勘探具有指导和借鉴意义。
Based on fine geological modeling and taking the evolution of key reservoir-forming elements as the main line, the mechanism of orderly distribution and differential enrichment of hydrocarbon was revealed by studying the joint evolution and coupling effect of pressure, fluid and reservoir properties. Orderly development of sedimentary systems in a rift basin is the base of orderly distribution of reservoirs, and the continuity of pressure structure is the key to controlling orderly distribution of reservoir. From the sag center to the margin, in the sag, second-order sequence and large-scale sedimentary system, the reservoirs appear in an orderly distribution from lithologic reservoir to structural reservoir to stratigraphic reservoir. Alternative acid and alkaline actions controlled the development of high quality reservoirs in the mid-fan sandy conglomerate bodies in the steep slope, resulting in the oil and gas accumulation pattern of sealing at the root fan and enrichment at the mid-fan, in which the breakthrough pressure difference between root fan and mid-fan determines the reservoir enrichment level. The action of acidic fluid controlled the development of high quality reservoirs in beach bar sand and turbidite. The pressure difference between high-pressure source rock caused by pressurization of hydrocarbon generation and low-pressure reservoir caused by reservoir improvement provided driving force for oil and gas charging, giving rise to the pressing-absorbing oil and gas charging mechanism controlled by source rock overpressure. The research results have guidance and reference significance for fine exploration in mature exploration areas.
Based on fine geological modeling and taking the evolution of key reservoir-forming elements as the main line, the mechanism of orderly distribution and differential enrichment of hydrocarbon was revealed by studying the joint evolution and coupling effect of pressure, fluid and reservoir properties. Orderly development of sedimentary systems in a rift basin is the base of orderly distribution of reservoirs, and the continuity of pressure structure is the key to controlling orderly distribution of reservoir. From the sag center to the margin, in the sag, second-order sequence and large-scale sedimentary system, the reservoirs appear in an orderly distribution from lithologic reservoir to structural reservoir to stratigraphic reservoir. Alternative acid and alkaline actions controlled the development of high quality reservoirs in the mid-fan sandy conglomerate bodies in the steep slope, resulting in the oil and gas accumulation pattern of sealing at the root fan and enrichment at the mid-fan, in which the breakthrough pressure difference between root fan and mid-fan determines the reservoir enrichment level. The action of acidic fluid controlled the development of high quality reservoirs in beach bar sand and turbidite. The pressure difference between high-pressure source rock caused by pressurization of hydrocarbon generation and low-pressure reservoir caused by reservoir improvement provided driving force for oil and gas charging, giving rise to the pressing-absorbing oil and gas charging mechanism controlled by source rock overpressure. The research results have guidance and reference significance for fine exploration in mature exploration areas.
引文
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[4]胡见义,徐树宝,童晓光.渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集区(带)的形成和分布[J].石油勘探与开发,1986,13(1):1-8.HU Jianyi,XU Shubao,TONG Xiaoguang.Formation and distribution of complex petroleum accumulation zones in Bohaiwan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1986,13(1):1-8.
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[6]刘兴材,钱凯,吴世祥.东营凹陷油气场环对应分布论[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):185-189.LIU Xingcai,QIAN Kai,WU Shixiang.Theory of corresponding distribution of fields and oil-gas girdles in Dongying depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1996,17(3):185-189.
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[10]赵文智,邹才能,汪泽成,等.富油气凹陷“满凹含油”论:内涵与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):130-142.ZHAO Wenzhi,ZOU Caineng,WANG Zecheng,et al.The intension and signification of“sag-wide oil-bearing theory”in the hydrocarbonrich depression with terrestrial origin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):130-142.
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[19]吴智平,李伟,任拥军,等.济阳坳陷中生代盆地演化及其与新生代盆地叠合关系探讨[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):280-286.WU Zhiping,LI Wei,REN Yongjun,et al.Basin evolution in the Mesozoic and Superposition of Cenozoic Basin in the area of the Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):280-286.
[20]郝雪峰.陆相断陷盆地沉积相律与油藏类型序列类比分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(5):1-6.HAO Xuefeng.Analogy of the sedimentary fades rule and pool type succession in continental rifted basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(5):1-6.
[21]郝雪峰.东营凹陷沙三-沙四段砂岩储层超压成因与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(2):167-173.HAO Xuefeng.Overpressure genesis and evolution of sandstone reservoirs in the 3rd and 4th members of Shahejie formation,the Dongying depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(2):167-173.
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