摘要
为缓解麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)栽培上滥用多效唑的现状,本研究在绵阳三台采用二因素随机区组试验,探究在微调配方肥的基础上,对比施用多效唑(PP333,2.5 g·L~(–1))、烯效唑(S3307,2 g·L~(–1))和甲哌鎓(DPC,0.05 g·L~(–1))3种植物生长延缓剂对麦冬农艺性状、产量、总皂苷和总多糖的影响。结果表明,本研究中配方肥用量的浮动对麦冬生长无显著影响(P> 0.05),施用延缓剂能增加麦冬产量(甲哌鎓除外)。与清水对照相比,施用多效唑和烯效唑麦冬干物质产量分别增加了约37.03%和16.65%;施用烯效唑麦冬总多糖含量显著增加约25.45%(P <0.05),多效唑和甲哌鎓次之;3种延缓剂均显著降低了麦冬总皂苷含量。麦冬农艺性状与干物质产量、总多糖、总皂苷含量的相关性分析结果表明,多效唑和烯效唑主要通过降低地上部分干物质积累,促进麦冬营养根膨大来增加麦冬的干物质产量。经灰色关联度–DTOPSIS综合评价分析发现,最佳生产措施为追肥时施用氮肥1 382.4 kg·hm~(–2)、磷肥6 004.8 kg·hm~(–2)、钾肥1 252.8 kg·hm~(–2),配合喷施烯效唑。在麦冬生产上通过施用烯效唑可以在不损害农户利益的基础上有效降低多效唑施用带来的危害。
To alleviate the current paclobutrazol overuse in Ophiopogon japonicus, a two-factor randomized block experiment was carried out in Santai county, Mianyang city to compare the effects of three kinds of plant growth retardants,namely paclobutrazol(PP_(333), 2.5 g·L(–1)), uniconazole(S_(3307), 2 g·L(–1)), and mepiquat(DPC, 0.05 g·L(–1)), along with minute adjustments in fertilizer formula, on the agronomic traits, yield, total saponins, and total polysaccharides of O. japonicus. The results showed that minute changes in the fertilizer formula had no significant effects on the growth of O. japonicus(P >0.05), and application of a plant growth retardant, except DPC, could increase the yield of O. japonicus. The applications of PP_(333) and S_(3307) increased the yield of O. japonicus by about 37.03% and 16.65%, respectively, compared with control.Application of S_(3307) significantly increased the total polysaccharide content of O. japonicus, by about 25.45%(P < 0.05),which was greater than the increase caused by PP_(333) and DPC. The three plant growth retardants significantly reduced the total saponin content of O. japonicus. Correlation analysis revealed that PP_(333) and S_(3307) mainly increased the yield of O.japonicus by reducing the accumulation of dry matter in the aerial parts and promoting root swelling. The best production measures for top dressing application was using nitrogen fertilizer at 1 382.4 kg·ha~(–1), phosphate fertilizer at 6 004.8 kg·ha~(–1),and potassium fertilizer at 1 252.8 kg·ha~(–1), in combination with spraying S_(3307), according to the grey relation-DTOPSIS comprehensive evaluation analysis. Those results indicated that the application of S_(3307) in the production of O. japonicus can effectively reduce the harm caused by PP_(333) application without affecting the interests of farmers.
引文
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