化肥与植物生长延缓剂配施对麦冬产量形成和次生代谢产物的影响
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摘要
为缓解麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)栽培上滥用多效唑的现状,本研究在绵阳三台采用二因素随机区组试验,探究在微调配方肥的基础上,对比施用多效唑(PP333,2.5 g·L~(–1))、烯效唑(S3307,2 g·L~(–1))和甲哌鎓(DPC,0.05 g·L~(–1))3种植物生长延缓剂对麦冬农艺性状、产量、总皂苷和总多糖的影响。结果表明,本研究中配方肥用量的浮动对麦冬生长无显著影响(P> 0.05),施用延缓剂能增加麦冬产量(甲哌鎓除外)。与清水对照相比,施用多效唑和烯效唑麦冬干物质产量分别增加了约37.03%和16.65%;施用烯效唑麦冬总多糖含量显著增加约25.45%(P <0.05),多效唑和甲哌鎓次之;3种延缓剂均显著降低了麦冬总皂苷含量。麦冬农艺性状与干物质产量、总多糖、总皂苷含量的相关性分析结果表明,多效唑和烯效唑主要通过降低地上部分干物质积累,促进麦冬营养根膨大来增加麦冬的干物质产量。经灰色关联度–DTOPSIS综合评价分析发现,最佳生产措施为追肥时施用氮肥1 382.4 kg·hm~(–2)、磷肥6 004.8 kg·hm~(–2)、钾肥1 252.8 kg·hm~(–2),配合喷施烯效唑。在麦冬生产上通过施用烯效唑可以在不损害农户利益的基础上有效降低多效唑施用带来的危害。
To alleviate the current paclobutrazol overuse in Ophiopogon japonicus, a two-factor randomized block experiment was carried out in Santai county, Mianyang city to compare the effects of three kinds of plant growth retardants,namely paclobutrazol(PP_(333), 2.5 g·L(–1)), uniconazole(S_(3307), 2 g·L(–1)), and mepiquat(DPC, 0.05 g·L(–1)), along with minute adjustments in fertilizer formula, on the agronomic traits, yield, total saponins, and total polysaccharides of O. japonicus. The results showed that minute changes in the fertilizer formula had no significant effects on the growth of O. japonicus(P >0.05), and application of a plant growth retardant, except DPC, could increase the yield of O. japonicus. The applications of PP_(333) and S_(3307) increased the yield of O. japonicus by about 37.03% and 16.65%, respectively, compared with control.Application of S_(3307) significantly increased the total polysaccharide content of O. japonicus, by about 25.45%(P < 0.05),which was greater than the increase caused by PP_(333) and DPC. The three plant growth retardants significantly reduced the total saponin content of O. japonicus. Correlation analysis revealed that PP_(333) and S_(3307) mainly increased the yield of O.japonicus by reducing the accumulation of dry matter in the aerial parts and promoting root swelling. The best production measures for top dressing application was using nitrogen fertilizer at 1 382.4 kg·ha~(–1), phosphate fertilizer at 6 004.8 kg·ha~(–1),and potassium fertilizer at 1 252.8 kg·ha~(–1), in combination with spraying S_(3307), according to the grey relation-DTOPSIS comprehensive evaluation analysis. Those results indicated that the application of S_(3307) in the production of O. japonicus can effectively reduce the harm caused by PP_(333) application without affecting the interests of farmers.
To alleviate the current paclobutrazol overuse in Ophiopogon japonicus, a two-factor randomized block experiment was carried out in Santai county, Mianyang city to compare the effects of three kinds of plant growth retardants,namely paclobutrazol(PP_(333), 2.5 g·L(–1)), uniconazole(S_(3307), 2 g·L(–1)), and mepiquat(DPC, 0.05 g·L(–1)), along with minute adjustments in fertilizer formula, on the agronomic traits, yield, total saponins, and total polysaccharides of O. japonicus. The results showed that minute changes in the fertilizer formula had no significant effects on the growth of O. japonicus(P >0.05), and application of a plant growth retardant, except DPC, could increase the yield of O. japonicus. The applications of PP_(333) and S_(3307) increased the yield of O. japonicus by about 37.03% and 16.65%, respectively, compared with control.Application of S_(3307) significantly increased the total polysaccharide content of O. japonicus, by about 25.45%(P < 0.05),which was greater than the increase caused by PP_(333) and DPC. The three plant growth retardants significantly reduced the total saponin content of O. japonicus. Correlation analysis revealed that PP_(333) and S_(3307) mainly increased the yield of O.japonicus by reducing the accumulation of dry matter in the aerial parts and promoting root swelling. The best production measures for top dressing application was using nitrogen fertilizer at 1 382.4 kg·ha~(–1), phosphate fertilizer at 6 004.8 kg·ha~(–1),and potassium fertilizer at 1 252.8 kg·ha~(–1), in combination with spraying S_(3307), according to the grey relation-DTOPSIS comprehensive evaluation analysis. Those results indicated that the application of S_(3307) in the production of O. japonicus can effectively reduce the harm caused by PP_(333) application without affecting the interests of farmers.
引文
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[2]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:155.STATE PHARMACOPOEIA COMMITTEE.Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China:Part I.Beijing:China Medical Science Press,2015:255.
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[4]魏赫,王莹,金红宇,马双成.植物生长调节剂研究进展及其在中药种植中使用和检测.中国药学杂志,2016,51(2):81-85.WEI H,WANG Y,JING H Y,MA S C.Research progress in plant growth regulators and their application,content determination in planting traditional Chinese medicine.Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2016,51(2):81-85.
[5]翟宇瑶,郭宝林,黄文华.“壮根灵”类药剂检测及植物生长延缓剂在根及根茎类道地药材栽培中使用情况调查.中国中药杂志,2015,40(3):414-420.ZHAI Y Y,GUO B L,HUANG W H.Detection of agent"zhuanggenling"and investigation of utilization of plant growth retardants in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2015,40(3):414-420.
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[7]李先恩,张晓阳.植物生长调节剂对丹参药材产量和品质的影响.中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):1992-1994.LI X E,ZHANG X Y.Influence of plant growth regulater on yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2014,39(11):1992-1994.
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[9]翟宇瑶,郭宝林,程明.植物生长延缓剂在药用植物栽培中的应用.中国中药杂志,2013,38(17):2739-2744.ZHAI Y Y,GUO B L,CHENG M.Review on application of plant growth retardants in medicinal plants cultivation.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2013,38(17):2739-2744.
[10]JAMWAL K,BHATTACHARYA S,PURI S.Plant growth regulator mediated consequences of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants.Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal&Aromatic Plants,2018,9:26-38.
[11]卢少云,陈斯曼,陈斯平,郭振飞.ABA、多效唑和烯效唑提高狗牙根抗旱性的效应.草业学报,2003,12(3):100-104.LU S Y,CHEN S M,CHEN S P,GUO Z F.Effects of ABA,paclobutrazol and uniconazole on the drought resistance of bermudagrass.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2003,12(3):100-104.
[12]刘晓静,柳小妮.多效唑和烯效唑对草地早熟禾一些生化指标及其抗性的影响.草业学报,2006,15(2):48-53.LIU X J,LIU X N.Effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on some physiological and biochemical indices and the resistance of Poa pratensis.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2006,15(2):48-53.
[13]胡宏友,李雄.植物生长调节剂和肥料混施对沟叶结缕草越冬期生长和抗性生理的影响.中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1099-1105.HU H Y,LI X.Effect of mixed application of growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth,cold-resistance and physiology of turfgrass Zoysia matrella in wintering period.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(6):1099-1105.
[14]王志勇.磷、钾肥和多效唑对高羊茅越夏性的影响及其作用机理研究.福州:福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2005.WANG Z Y.Effects of phosphorus,potassium and paclobutrazol on veraestivation of Festuca arundinacea and its mechanism.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2005.
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