甬优系列籼粳杂交稻株高变化对氮素利用率的影响
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摘要
研究常规施肥条件下,甬优系列籼粳杂交水稻株高变化对产量及氮肥利用效率的影响,以期为甬优系列杂交稻的品种选育和氮素高效管理提供指导。于2016年在浙东沿海单季稻区(象山县泗洲头镇)开展田间小区试验,以高秆型(甬优12和甬优15)、矮秆型(甬优538和甬优1540)和中高秆型(甬优7850和甬优2640)为材料,设置N_0(0 kg·hm~(-2))和N_(270)(270 kg·hm~(-2)) 2种施氮水平,比较不同株高水稻产量和氮素利用率差异。结果表明:不同施肥水平下,水稻产量均表现为甬优7850>甬优2640>甬优538>甬优1540、甬优12>甬优15,产量与最大分蘖数、有效穗呈显著正相关;施氮能显著提高各品种的株高、最大分蘖数和有效穗。不同品种氮肥当季利用率、氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力趋势不同,甬优12和甬优15的氮肥当季利用率分别达37. 4%和36. 4%,显著高于其他品种(<30%),而氮肥偏生产力显著低于甬优7850、甬优2640和甬优538,水稻氮收获指数以甬优12最低,植株中有较多的氮素成为奢侈吸收。施氮处理下,所有水稻品种均出现氮素盈余,甬优1540、甬优538、甬优15和甬优7850氮盈余量均大于60 kg·hm~(-2),显著高于甬优2640和甬优12。因此,在浙东沿海地区常规栽培条件下,高秆型甬优系列水稻品种氮素当季利用率高于矮秆型和中高秆型,但由于生物量大、秸秆"奢侈"吸氮较多,产量反而低于中高秆型和矮秆型品种。
A field experiment was conducted to determine the precise effects of plant height on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice,which aimed to provide reference data for rice breeding and high-NUE management of Yongyou series. This study was carried out at the single-season rice area of the coastal region of East Zhejiang (Sizhoutou town,Xiangshan County) in 2016. Six rice cultivars different in plant height (high straw,Yongyou12 & Yongyou15; medium straw,Yongyou7850 & Yongyou2640; short straw,Yongyou538 & Yongyou1540) and two treatments of chemical N application rates (N_0,0 kg·hm~(-2); N_(270),270 kg·hm~(-2))were chosen for this study. Our results showed that the grain yield followed the sequence of Yongyou 7850 > Yongyou2640 > Yongyou538 > Yongyou1540 > Yongyou12 > Yongyou15 in different N treatments. Significant positive correlation was observed between grain yield and the maximum tiller number and effective panicle. Chemical N fertilization resulted in an increase of plant height,maximum tiller number and effective panicle. N recovery efficiency (NRE),N agronomy efficiency (NAE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) showed inconsistent trends in different cultivars. The NER in Yongyou12 and Yongyou15 were 37. 4% and 36. 4%,respectively,which were significantly higher than other cultivars (< 30%). Contrarily,NPFP was significantly lower than Yongyou7850,Yongyou2640 and Yongyou538. Importantly,N harvest index (NHI) was the lowest in Yongyou12,indicating rice plant in the luxurious absorption of nitrogen. N surpluses were found in all rice cultivars under N treatments. N surpluses in Yongyou1540,Yongyou538,Yongyou15 and Yongyou7850 was more than 60 kg·hm~(-2),which was significantly higher than Yongyou2640 and Yongyou12. In conclusion,under the conventional practice conditions in the coastal region of East Zhejiang,the NUE of Yongyou series rice in high straw was higher than medium or short straw,while the grain yield was contrast because of biomass production and straw luxurious absorption of nitrogen.
A field experiment was conducted to determine the precise effects of plant height on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice,which aimed to provide reference data for rice breeding and high-NUE management of Yongyou series. This study was carried out at the single-season rice area of the coastal region of East Zhejiang (Sizhoutou town,Xiangshan County) in 2016. Six rice cultivars different in plant height (high straw,Yongyou12 & Yongyou15; medium straw,Yongyou7850 & Yongyou2640; short straw,Yongyou538 & Yongyou1540) and two treatments of chemical N application rates (N_0,0 kg·hm~(-2); N_(270),270 kg·hm~(-2))were chosen for this study. Our results showed that the grain yield followed the sequence of Yongyou 7850 > Yongyou2640 > Yongyou538 > Yongyou1540 > Yongyou12 > Yongyou15 in different N treatments. Significant positive correlation was observed between grain yield and the maximum tiller number and effective panicle. Chemical N fertilization resulted in an increase of plant height,maximum tiller number and effective panicle. N recovery efficiency (NRE),N agronomy efficiency (NAE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) showed inconsistent trends in different cultivars. The NER in Yongyou12 and Yongyou15 were 37. 4% and 36. 4%,respectively,which were significantly higher than other cultivars (< 30%). Contrarily,NPFP was significantly lower than Yongyou7850,Yongyou2640 and Yongyou538. Importantly,N harvest index (NHI) was the lowest in Yongyou12,indicating rice plant in the luxurious absorption of nitrogen. N surpluses were found in all rice cultivars under N treatments. N surpluses in Yongyou1540,Yongyou538,Yongyou15 and Yongyou7850 was more than 60 kg·hm~(-2),which was significantly higher than Yongyou2640 and Yongyou12. In conclusion,under the conventional practice conditions in the coastal region of East Zhejiang,the NUE of Yongyou series rice in high straw was higher than medium or short straw,while the grain yield was contrast because of biomass production and straw luxurious absorption of nitrogen.
引文
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