石墨烯增强钛基复合材料的摩擦学性能研究
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摘要
采用球磨法将不同含量的石墨烯与纯钛粉末混合,通过放电等离子烧结工艺在1 200℃制备石墨烯/Ti基复合材料。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究复合粉末混合前后的形貌和物相结构;用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机以及三维白光轮廓仪等分析复合材料的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:干法球磨和放电等离子制备的复合材料组织致密,石墨烯均匀分布在钛基体中,提高基体材料的显微硬度和耐磨性;当石墨烯的质量分数为0.8%时,复合材料硬度值增加到350.3HV,相对纯钛基体提高14.7%;当石墨烯的质量分数为0.6%时,复合材料的磨损体积降低到3.3×107μm3,相对纯钛基体降低19.5%;加入石墨烯对复合材料的摩擦因数影响不明显,摩擦因数为0.474～0.488。
Graphene and pure titanium powders were mixed by ball milling methods.The spark plasma sintering(SPS)process were applied to fabricate graphene/Ti matrix composites at 1 200 ℃.The morphology and phase structure of the composite powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The microhardness,friction and wear properties of the composites were also analyzed.The results show that the graphene/Ti composites are compact and the graphene nanosheets are uniformly distributed in Ti matrix.The composites have better wear resistance and microhardness than pure Ti matrix.When the mass fraction of graphene is 0.8%,the microhardness of the composites reaches 350.3HV.Compared with pure titanium matrix,the microhardness of the composites is increased by 14.7%.The addition of graphene has no significant effect on the coefficient of friction(COF)of the composite.The COF of the composite is between 0.474 and 0.488.The addition of graphene can significantly reduce the wear volume of the composite.When the mass fraction of graphene is0.6%,the wear volume of the composite reduces to 3.3×107μm3,which is 19.5% lower than that of the pure Ti matrix.
Graphene and pure titanium powders were mixed by ball milling methods.The spark plasma sintering(SPS)process were applied to fabricate graphene/Ti matrix composites at 1 200 ℃.The morphology and phase structure of the composite powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The microhardness,friction and wear properties of the composites were also analyzed.The results show that the graphene/Ti composites are compact and the graphene nanosheets are uniformly distributed in Ti matrix.The composites have better wear resistance and microhardness than pure Ti matrix.When the mass fraction of graphene is 0.8%,the microhardness of the composites reaches 350.3HV.Compared with pure titanium matrix,the microhardness of the composites is increased by 14.7%.The addition of graphene has no significant effect on the coefficient of friction(COF)of the composite.The COF of the composite is between 0.474 and 0.488.The addition of graphene can significantly reduce the wear volume of the composite.When the mass fraction of graphene is0.6%,the wear volume of the composite reduces to 3.3×107μm3,which is 19.5% lower than that of the pure Ti matrix.
引文
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[2]辛社伟,赵永庆.钛合金固态相变的归纳与讨论(Ⅳ)--钛合金热处理的归类[J].钛工业进展,2009,26(3):26-29.
[3]MALLUCCI L.Age in relation to receptivity to viral infections;observations on the enzymatic activity of some tissues in the neonatal and adult periods[J].Boll Ist Sieroter Milan,1958,37(5/6):245-251.
[4]BANSAL D G,ERYILMAZ O L,BLAU P J.Surface engineering to improve the durability and lubricity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J].Wear,2011,271(9):2006-2015.
[5]WANG Wen,WANG Kuaishe,GUO Qiang,et al.Effect of friction stir processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast AZ31 magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2012,41(9):1522-1526.
[6]LEE C,WEI X D,KYSAR J W,et al.Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J].Science,2008,321(5887):385-388.
[7]TJONG S C.Recent progress in the development and properties of novel metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets[J].Materials Science&Engineering:R:Reports,2013,74(10):281-350.
[8]GAO Xin,YUE Hongyan,GUO Erjun,et al.Preparation and tensile properties of homogeneously dispersed graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Materials&Design,2016,94:54-60.
[9]YAN S J,DAI S L,ZHANG X Y,et al.Investigating aluminum alloy reinforced by graphene nanoflakes[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,612(33):440-444.
[10]李多生,吴文政,QIN Q H,等.石墨烯/Al复合材料的微观结构及力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015(6):1498-1504.
[11]苏颖,左倩,杨刚,等.石墨烯增强钛基复合材料的压缩变形行为研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017(12):3882-3886.
[12]XU Zengshi,SHI Xiaoliang,ZHAI Wenzheng,et al.Preparation and tribological properties of TiAl matrix composites reinforced by multilayer graphene[J].Carbon,2014,67:168-177.
[13]武文琴.氧化石墨烯及其复合材料对重金属铜的吸附性能研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[14]奚正平,王蕊宁,赵永庆,等.TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的热变形行为研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(8):1338-1342.
[15]LI Meixia,CHE Hongwei,LIU Xiaoyan,et al.Highly enhanced mechanical properties in Cu matrix composites reinforced with graphene decorated metallic nanoparticles[J].Journal of Materials Science,2014,49(10):3725-3731.
[16]WANG Jingyue,LI Zhiqiang,FAN Genlian,et al.Reinforcement with graphene nanosheets in aluminum matrix composites[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,66(8):594-597.
[17]LEE C,WEI X,KYSAR J W,et al.Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J].Science,2008,321(5887):385-388.
[18]XIAO Yecheng,SHI Xiaoliang,ZHAI Wenzheng,et al.Tribological performance of NiAl self-lubricating matrix composite with addition of graphene at different loads[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2015,24(8):2866-2874.
[19]KIM H J,LEE S M,OH Y S,et al.Unoxidized graphene/alumina nanocomposite:fracture-and wear-resistance effects of graphene on alumina matrix[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4(7503):5176.
[20]王玉林,刘咏,刘延斌,等.TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2011,16(2):272-278.
[21]MALLIKARJUNA H M,KASHYAP K T,KOPPAD P G,等.多壁碳纳米管增强的Cu-Sn合金的显微组织和干滑动磨损行为[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(7):1755-1764.
[22]SANESH K,SUNDER S S,RADHIKA N.Effect of reinforcement content on the adhesive wear behavior of Cu10Sn5Ni/Si3N4,composites produced by stir casting[J].International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials,2017,24(9):1052-1060.