润滑油粘度调节剂作用机理及应用综述
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摘要
本文首先介绍了润滑油中粘度调节剂的功能,包括评价它们性能的主要属性:增稠效率、粘温关系和剪切安定性,用于量化这些特性的指标,以及与聚合物分子量和浓度效应相关的一般趋势;接着,综述了粘度调节剂改变润滑油粘度的机理;最后,讨论了将粘度调节剂聚合物用作多功能添加剂,使其具有超出流变控制的优点。明确这些作用机理及其附加性功能对于研究新型粘度调节剂以及在更广泛的温度范围内更有效地工作等方面具有一定的价值。
This paper first describes the function of viscosity regulators in aviation lubricating oil,including three properties to evaluate their properties: thickening efficiency,viscosity-temperature relationship and shear stability. Indicators used to quantify these properties and general trends associated with polymer molecular weight and concentration effects; Next,the mechanism of viscosity regulator changing the viscosity of solution is described.Finally,the advantages of using viscosity regulator polymer as multifunctional additive beyond rheological control are discussed. Clarifying these mechanisms and their additional functions is of great value in developing new viscosity regulators and working more effectively in a wider range of temperatures.
This paper first describes the function of viscosity regulators in aviation lubricating oil,including three properties to evaluate their properties: thickening efficiency,viscosity-temperature relationship and shear stability. Indicators used to quantify these properties and general trends associated with polymer molecular weight and concentration effects; Next,the mechanism of viscosity regulator changing the viscosity of solution is described.Finally,the advantages of using viscosity regulator polymer as multifunctional additive beyond rheological control are discussed. Clarifying these mechanisms and their additional functions is of great value in developing new viscosity regulators and working more effectively in a wider range of temperatures.
引文
[1]Ver Strate,G.,Struglinski,M. J. Polymers as lubricating-oil viscosity modifiers. In:Schulz,D. N.,Glass,J. E.(eds.)Polymers as Rheology Modifiers. AmericanChemical Society,Washington(1991).
[2]ASTM D2270-10:Standard practice for calculatingviscosity index from kinematic viscosity at 40 and 100C.Technical report, ASTM International, WestConshohocken,PA(2016).
[3]Ghosh,P., Kumar Saha, D. Acrylate terpolymers aspotential pour point depressant and viscosity modifiers forlube oil[J]. Pet. Sci. Technol. 2015,33(2):1126-1132.
[4]Zakarian,J. The limitations of the viscosity index andproposals for other methods to rate viscosity–temperaturebehavior of lubricating oils[J]. SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.2012,11(5):1123-1131.
[5]Covitch, M. J.:An improved method for calculatingviscosity index(VI)of low viscosity base oils. J. Test.Eval.(2018).
[1] Stambaugh, R. L., Kinker, B. G.:Viscosity indeximprovers and thickeners. In:Mortier,R. M.,Fox,M.F.,Orszulik,S. T.(eds.)Chemistry and Technology ofLubricants. Springer,Dordrecht(2010)
[6] Holtzinger,J.,Green,J.,Lamb,G.,Atkinson,D.,Spikes,H.:New method of measuring permanent viscosityloss of polymercontaining lubricants[J]. Tribol. Trans.2012,42(5):631-639.
[7]Marx,N.,Ponjavic,A.,Taylor,R. I.,Spikes,H. A.:Study of permanent shear thinning of VM polymer solutions[J]. Tribol. Lett. 2017,65(4):106.
[8]ASTM D7109-12:Standard test method for shear stabilityof polymer containing fuids using a European diesel injectorapparatus at 30 and 90 cycles. Technical report,ASTMInternational,West Conshohocken,PA(2012)
[9] ASTM D2603-01:Standard test method for sonic shearstability of polymer-containing oils. Technical report,ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA(2013)
[10] Len,M.,Ramasamy,U. S.,Lichter,S.,Martini,A.:Thickening mechanisms of polyisobutylene in polyalphaolefn[J]. Tribol. Lett. 2017,(66):1-5.
[11]Shivokhin,M. E.,Narita,T.,Talini,L.,Habicht,A.,Seifert, S., Indei, T., Schieber, J. D. Interplay ofentanglement and association effects on the dynamics ofsemidilute solutions of multisticker polymer chains[J].Tribol. Lett. 2017,61(3):12-31.
[12]Mary,C.,Phillipon,D.,Lafarge,L.,Laurent,D.,Rondelez,F.,Bair,S.,Vergne,P.:New insight into therelationship between molecular effects and the rheologicalbehavior of polymer-thickened lubricants under highpressure[J]. Tribol. Lett. 2013,(52):357-369.
[2]ASTM D2270-10:Standard practice for calculatingviscosity index from kinematic viscosity at 40 and 100C.Technical report, ASTM International, WestConshohocken,PA(2016).
[3]Ghosh,P., Kumar Saha, D. Acrylate terpolymers aspotential pour point depressant and viscosity modifiers forlube oil[J]. Pet. Sci. Technol. 2015,33(2):1126-1132.
[4]Zakarian,J. The limitations of the viscosity index andproposals for other methods to rate viscosity–temperaturebehavior of lubricating oils[J]. SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.2012,11(5):1123-1131.
[5]Covitch, M. J.:An improved method for calculatingviscosity index(VI)of low viscosity base oils. J. Test.Eval.(2018).
[1] Stambaugh, R. L., Kinker, B. G.:Viscosity indeximprovers and thickeners. In:Mortier,R. M.,Fox,M.F.,Orszulik,S. T.(eds.)Chemistry and Technology ofLubricants. Springer,Dordrecht(2010)
[6] Holtzinger,J.,Green,J.,Lamb,G.,Atkinson,D.,Spikes,H.:New method of measuring permanent viscosityloss of polymercontaining lubricants[J]. Tribol. Trans.2012,42(5):631-639.
[7]Marx,N.,Ponjavic,A.,Taylor,R. I.,Spikes,H. A.:Study of permanent shear thinning of VM polymer solutions[J]. Tribol. Lett. 2017,65(4):106.
[8]ASTM D7109-12:Standard test method for shear stabilityof polymer containing fuids using a European diesel injectorapparatus at 30 and 90 cycles. Technical report,ASTMInternational,West Conshohocken,PA(2012)
[9] ASTM D2603-01:Standard test method for sonic shearstability of polymer-containing oils. Technical report,ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA(2013)
[10] Len,M.,Ramasamy,U. S.,Lichter,S.,Martini,A.:Thickening mechanisms of polyisobutylene in polyalphaolefn[J]. Tribol. Lett. 2017,(66):1-5.
[11]Shivokhin,M. E.,Narita,T.,Talini,L.,Habicht,A.,Seifert, S., Indei, T., Schieber, J. D. Interplay ofentanglement and association effects on the dynamics ofsemidilute solutions of multisticker polymer chains[J].Tribol. Lett. 2017,61(3):12-31.
[12]Mary,C.,Phillipon,D.,Lafarge,L.,Laurent,D.,Rondelez,F.,Bair,S.,Vergne,P.:New insight into therelationship between molecular effects and the rheologicalbehavior of polymer-thickened lubricants under highpressure[J]. Tribol. Lett. 2013,(52):357-369.