青蒿中草药添加剂对散养肉鸡抗病及免疫性能的影响
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摘要
为研究青蒿及其复方中草药添加剂对散养肉鸡免疫及抗病性能的影响,试验选用健康、体重基本一致的30日龄脱温散养肉鸡360只,采用多因素单水平的试验设计随机分为4组,试验1组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1%的青蒿、1%青蒿复合添加剂Ⅰ及1%青蒿复合添加剂Ⅱ,进行为期60 d的饲养试验。试验结束后每个重复选取3只试鸡采血并进行屠宰,测定相关指标。结果表明:与试验1组相比,试验2、3组的腹泻率、发病率、死亡率分别降低了68.31%、42.44%、85.73%和52.03%、57.56%、71.47%(P <0.05);试验2组的胸腺指数提高57.29%(P <0.05);试验2、3、4组肉鸡血清中IgM与补体C3的含量显著提高,试验3组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量提高17.84%(P <0.05)。综上所述,青蒿及其复方中草药制剂能够增强试鸡的抗病以及免疫性能,并以试验2组的效果最好。
The experiment was conducted to study the effect of Artemisia apiacea and compound Chinese herbal medicine on immunity and disease resistance of free range broilers. The experiment was designed of multi-factor and single level. 360 male healthy dehumidified broilers with same body weight and 30 days old were selected and divided into 4 groups,experiment group 1(control group) was fed basal diet,experiment groups 2,3,4 were fed 1% Artemisia apiacea,1% Artemisia apiacea compound additiveⅠand 1% Artemisia apiacea compound additiveⅡ with the basal diet together,respectively. Three broilers of each treatment were plucked blood and slaughtered to determine the related indexes at the end of 60 days feeding trail. The results showed that the diarrhea rate,morbidity and death rate of the experimental groups 2 and 3 were lower 68.31%,42.44%,85.73% and 52.03%,57.56%,71.47% than the experimental group 1,respectively(P < 0.05);The thymus index of the experimental group 2 was increased by 57.29% than the experimental group 1(P < 0.05);The content of serum immunoglobulin M(Ig M) and complement 3(C3) of three Chinese herbal medicine processed groups were improved significantly than the experimental group 1(P < 0.05),the serum superoxide dismutase content(SOD) of experimental group 3 was increased by 17.84 % compared with the experimental group 1(P < 0.05).The results indicated that Artemisia apiacea and compound Chinese herbal medicine additives have a positive effect on enhancing the disease resistance and immunity of broilers. The experimental group 2 obtained the best effect on improving the disease resistance and immunity.
The experiment was conducted to study the effect of Artemisia apiacea and compound Chinese herbal medicine on immunity and disease resistance of free range broilers. The experiment was designed of multi-factor and single level. 360 male healthy dehumidified broilers with same body weight and 30 days old were selected and divided into 4 groups,experiment group 1(control group) was fed basal diet,experiment groups 2,3,4 were fed 1% Artemisia apiacea,1% Artemisia apiacea compound additiveⅠand 1% Artemisia apiacea compound additiveⅡ with the basal diet together,respectively. Three broilers of each treatment were plucked blood and slaughtered to determine the related indexes at the end of 60 days feeding trail. The results showed that the diarrhea rate,morbidity and death rate of the experimental groups 2 and 3 were lower 68.31%,42.44%,85.73% and 52.03%,57.56%,71.47% than the experimental group 1,respectively(P < 0.05);The thymus index of the experimental group 2 was increased by 57.29% than the experimental group 1(P < 0.05);The content of serum immunoglobulin M(Ig M) and complement 3(C3) of three Chinese herbal medicine processed groups were improved significantly than the experimental group 1(P < 0.05),the serum superoxide dismutase content(SOD) of experimental group 3 was increased by 17.84 % compared with the experimental group 1(P < 0.05).The results indicated that Artemisia apiacea and compound Chinese herbal medicine additives have a positive effect on enhancing the disease resistance and immunity of broilers. The experimental group 2 obtained the best effect on improving the disease resistance and immunity.
引文
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[2]代飞燕.中草药添加剂对土杂鸡生长性能及其免疫功能的影响研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2004.
[3]冯文宇,肖顺汉,贾文祥.青银注射液抗病原菌实验研究[J].中成药,2006,28(3):424~425.
[4]郭爱伟,万海龙,朱静,等.复方中草药添加剂对肉鸡免疫功能、屠宰性能及体尺的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(2):438~439.
[5]黄金华,陈厚乾,余仲贤,等.沉香叶粉对广西灵山土鸡免疫器官指数,血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国家禽,2017,39(6):59~62.
[6]霍振华,方热军,徐运杰,等.中草药替代抗生素对肉鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].湖南饲料,2009,3:22~26.
[7]贾玉刚,王杰,马向花.中草药饲料添加剂对藏鸡生产性能、免疫功能的影响[J].中国饲料,2018(8).
[8]康红军.青蒿活性成分对断奶仔猪和生长猪生产性能和免疫性能的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
[9]廖玉英,覃仕善,秦黎梅.复方中草药添加剂对银香鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].广西科学,2010,17(4):396~398.
[10]林盛裕,彭忠,韦庭江,等.中草药提取物对广西麻鸡血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料博览,2017,1:33~36.
[11]刘辉,季海峰,王四新,等.益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):829~837.
[12]卢福山,侯生珍,马成云.中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪血液生理指标和免疫功能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,11:134~136.
[13]吕景旭,王苏宁,黄秋实,等.肉仔鸡饲料中添加益生素的效果[J].中国饲料,1998,10:21~22.
[14]马飞.青蒿复方中药制剂对鲁茌喜鸡生长和免疫性能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(32):19891~19892.
[15]马绍伟,邱其华,叶文林,等.“芪苓散”超微粉对河田鸡血清抗氧化性能及免疫生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(10):21~26.
[16]邱玉朗,于维,魏炳栋,等.复方中草药对肉鸡生长、抗氧化性能及肉质的影响[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2017,38(1):13~16.
[17]帅学宏,施君,陈吉轩,等.青蒿多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官的影响[J].动物医学进展,2015,11:59~62.
[18]宋志华,程康,万晓莉,等.青蒿叶对肉鸡生产性能和血清生化指标及消化酶活性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(21):45~49.
[19]汪晓河,马明华,张婧婷,等.青蒿药理作用研究进展[J].中国现代应用药学,2018,35(5).
[20]王申.金银花功效成分及行业发展分析[J].北京农业,2015,11.
[21]燕磊,朱正鹏,吕尊周,等.饲粮中添加不同植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道发育、免疫器官指数及屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报报,2017,29(4):1367~1375.
[22]周全民.青蒿复合中药制剂对寿光鸡生长和免疫性能的影响[J].中国动物保健,2015,6:76~78.
[23] Guo F C,Williams B A,Kwakkel R P,et al.Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides,as alternatives for an antibiotic,on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(2):175~182.
[24] Li T,Chen H,Wei N,et al.Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of artemisinin on contact hypersensitivity[J].International Immunopharmacology,2012,12(1):1~150.
[25] Rafalowska U,Liu G J,Floyd R A.Peroxidation induced changes in synaptosomal transport of dopamine and gammaaminobutyric acid[J].Free Radical Biology&Medicine,1989,6(5):485~492.
[26] Rivas A L.Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek's disease virus[J].Avian Diseases,1988,32(1):1~8.
[27] Szczubial M,Kankofer M,Wawron W,et al.The dynamics of changes in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and serum selenium content during the periparturient period in sows[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2004,7(1):21.