显性比较优势视角下的中韩两国贸易竞争力研究
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摘要
自中韩两国建交以来,两国保持良好的经贸合作关系。具体表现为:两国在货物贸易领域的规模和增速都突飞猛进、进出口结构不断优化、贸易发展的联系紧密。基于显性比较优势理论和贸易结构分析方法,利用1992—2017年中韩货物贸易细化行业分类到SITC四分位数据,分析中韩两国贸易的国际竞争力和在对方市场的出口比较竞争优势,得到如下结论:经过20多年的发展,中韩两国在各自优势产业的出口比较优势在世界市场上均得到了一定的提升;与此同时,中韩两国之间的货物贸易往来也不断拓宽和深入,两国货物贸易的差异性较大、贸易互补性较强;从不同时间阶段来看,中国和韩国在出口产品的结构上都有所调整和优化,两国产品比较优势的变化随着本国产业结构的调整和国际分工地位的调整而变化,中韩两国在产品市场上的竞争日趋激烈;双方产业的互补和中国丰富的资源禀赋为中韩两国经贸关系的进一步发展提供了新的思路和方向。
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea,the two countries have maintained sound economic and trade cooperation.Such as:The scale and growth rate of the trade in goods between the two countries have been advancing rapidly,the import and export structure have been constantly optimized,and the trade development has been closely linked.From the perspective of revealed comparative advantage,this paper subdivides industry into 4-digit data of SITC and further analyzes the bilateral trade between China and South Korea during 1992—2017.The conclusions here are as follows:After more than 20 years of economic development,China and South Korea have obvious comparative advantages in their competitive industries' export to the world market,and the advantages are more prominent.At the same time,the trade in goods between China and South Korea has also been broadened and deepened.The trade in goods between the two countries is quite different and trade complementarity is strong.During different time periods,China and South Korea have adjusted and optimized the structure of their export products.The comparative advantages of products between China and South Korea have changed with the adjustment of the domestic industrial structure within the two countries and the adjustment of international division of labor.The competition between China and South Korea within the product market has become increasingly fierce.The complementarity of industrial advantages and China's abundant resource endowments have provided new ideas and directions for the further development of Sino-South Korean economic and trade development.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea,the two countries have maintained sound economic and trade cooperation.Such as:The scale and growth rate of the trade in goods between the two countries have been advancing rapidly,the import and export structure have been constantly optimized,and the trade development has been closely linked.From the perspective of revealed comparative advantage,this paper subdivides industry into 4-digit data of SITC and further analyzes the bilateral trade between China and South Korea during 1992—2017.The conclusions here are as follows:After more than 20 years of economic development,China and South Korea have obvious comparative advantages in their competitive industries' export to the world market,and the advantages are more prominent.At the same time,the trade in goods between China and South Korea has also been broadened and deepened.The trade in goods between the two countries is quite different and trade complementarity is strong.During different time periods,China and South Korea have adjusted and optimized the structure of their export products.The comparative advantages of products between China and South Korea have changed with the adjustment of the domestic industrial structure within the two countries and the adjustment of international division of labor.The competition between China and South Korea within the product market has become increasingly fierce.The complementarity of industrial advantages and China's abundant resource endowments have provided new ideas and directions for the further development of Sino-South Korean economic and trade development.
引文
[1]张禹,严兵.中国产业国际竞争力评估---基于比较优势与全球价值链的测算[J].国际贸易问题,2016(10).
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[4]冯雷,张宁.全面认识产业国际竞争力调整我国国际分工的定位[J].国际经贸探索,2009,25(5).
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[10]陈苗.中美贸易的比较优势、互补度及稳定性检验[J].中国流通经济,2013(10).
[11]胡飞,葛秋颖.中国内地创意产品贸易的发展及国际竞争力分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009(12).
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[14]于璐瑶.西安市经济增长与出口贸易的关联度及其结构分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2017,32(10).
[15]WTO.WorldTradeReport2005[R/OL].https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report05_e.pdf.
[16]傅朝阳,陈煜.中国出口商品比较优势:1980-2000[J].经济学(季刊),2006,5(2).
[17]岳敏,孟丽,张洪玮.韩国与东亚各经济体的贸易结构变迁研究[J].世界经济研究,2016(12).
[18]杨汝岱,朱诗娥.中国对外贸易结构与竞争力研究:1978-2006[J].财贸经济,2008(2).
[19]樊纲,关志雄,姚枝仲.国际贸易结构分析:贸易品的技术分布[J].经济研究,2006(8).
[20]宣善文.中韩经济合作现状[J].哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报,2013(2).
[21]王广宇,张倩肖,董瀛飞.中国与中亚五国贸易的竞争性和互补性研究---以“丝绸之路经济带”为背景[J].经济问题探索,2016(3).
[22]邬龙,孙蕊.中国与“一带一路”沿线国家能源贸易竞争性及互补性分析[J].生产力研究,2018(11).
[23]叶静怡,王沛.中韩贸易逆差探析[J].经济科学,2005(1).
[24]LallS.TheTechnologicalStructureandPerformanceofDevelopingCountryManufacturedExports,1985-98[J].Oxford DevelopmentStudies,2000,28(3).
[25]杨汝岱,朱诗娥.珠三角地区对外贸易发展的国际比较[J].国际贸易问题,2007(12).
(1)上述9类贸易产品分别是:RP1为农业加工产品,RP2为其他资源性产品;LT1为纺织服装产品,LT2为其他低技术产品;MT1为汽车加工产品,MT2为中技术加工产品,MT3为工程机械产品;HT1为电子产品,HT2为其他高技术产品。
[2]金碚.中国工业国际竞争力:理论、方法与实证研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
[3]金碚,李鹏飞,廖建辉.中国产业国际竞争力现状及演变趋势---基于出口商品的分析[J].中国工业经济,2013(5).
[4]冯雷,张宁.全面认识产业国际竞争力调整我国国际分工的定位[J].国际经贸探索,2009,25(5).
[5]BalassaB.TradeLiberalizationandRevealedComparativeAdvantage[J].ManchesterSchool,1965,33(2).
[6]BalassaB.ComparativeAdvantage,TradePolicyandEconomicDevelopment[M].New York:HarvesterWheatsheaf,1989:4246.
[7]魏浩,王聪.附加值统计口径下中国制造业出口变化的测算[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(6).
[8]牛华,宋旭光.中国服务业显性比较优势测算---基于前后联系增加值出口[J].统计与信息论坛,2017,32(1).
[9]涂庄.中国与印尼贸易互补性和竞争性研究---基于显示性比较优势指数分析[J].北方经济,2012(8).
[10]陈苗.中美贸易的比较优势、互补度及稳定性检验[J].中国流通经济,2013(10).
[11]胡飞,葛秋颖.中国内地创意产品贸易的发展及国际竞争力分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009(12).
[12]HirschmanAO.TheCommodityStructureofWorldTrade[J].QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,1943,57(4).
[13]BriscoeL.TheGrowthandStructureofInternationalTradeSincetheSecond World War[J].BritishJournalof InternationalStudies,1975,1(3).
[14]于璐瑶.西安市经济增长与出口贸易的关联度及其结构分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2017,32(10).
[15]WTO.WorldTradeReport2005[R/OL].https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report05_e.pdf.
[16]傅朝阳,陈煜.中国出口商品比较优势:1980-2000[J].经济学(季刊),2006,5(2).
[17]岳敏,孟丽,张洪玮.韩国与东亚各经济体的贸易结构变迁研究[J].世界经济研究,2016(12).
[18]杨汝岱,朱诗娥.中国对外贸易结构与竞争力研究:1978-2006[J].财贸经济,2008(2).
[19]樊纲,关志雄,姚枝仲.国际贸易结构分析:贸易品的技术分布[J].经济研究,2006(8).
[20]宣善文.中韩经济合作现状[J].哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报,2013(2).
[21]王广宇,张倩肖,董瀛飞.中国与中亚五国贸易的竞争性和互补性研究---以“丝绸之路经济带”为背景[J].经济问题探索,2016(3).
[22]邬龙,孙蕊.中国与“一带一路”沿线国家能源贸易竞争性及互补性分析[J].生产力研究,2018(11).
[23]叶静怡,王沛.中韩贸易逆差探析[J].经济科学,2005(1).
[24]LallS.TheTechnologicalStructureandPerformanceofDevelopingCountryManufacturedExports,1985-98[J].Oxford DevelopmentStudies,2000,28(3).
[25]杨汝岱,朱诗娥.珠三角地区对外贸易发展的国际比较[J].国际贸易问题,2007(12).
(1)上述9类贸易产品分别是:RP1为农业加工产品,RP2为其他资源性产品;LT1为纺织服装产品,LT2为其他低技术产品;MT1为汽车加工产品,MT2为中技术加工产品,MT3为工程机械产品;HT1为电子产品,HT2为其他高技术产品。