畜禽养殖环境调控与智能养殖装备技术研究进展
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摘要
养殖环境优化调控和智能养殖技术与装备是现代规模化畜禽养殖的重要技术支撑。影响畜牧业可持续发展的生物安全问题、畜牧环保问题和畜禽产品质量安全问题都与养殖环境控制和养殖装备技术密切相关。文章重点围绕养殖环境智能调控、畜禽健康状态智能辨识和饲养过程智能管理3个技术领域,以热环境、空气质量和光照为主要环境调控因素,分析了养殖环境对畜禽健康的影响以及国内外环境调控的最新技术方法,介绍了以生理、行为、声音和个体自动化实时监测为途径的畜禽健康状态智能辨识技术,以及精准饲喂、机械清粪、畜产品自动收取和养殖信息系统管理等养殖过程智能管理技术与装备的发展现状以及存在的问题。提出了加快畜禽养殖环境调控与智能养殖技术研发与推广应用的相关建议,旨在为我国畜禽养殖业的绿色转型升级和健康可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Environmental control technology, management, and intelligent equipment are critical components for modern intensive livestock and poultry farming, having great impacts on its biosecurity, animal environment, and product quality, which are considered as the mostly important issues for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Focusing on three important areas of intelligent control of animal housing environment, intelligent identification of livestock and poultry health, and intelligent feeding management, taking thermal environment, air quality, and light environment as main factors in particular, this study technically analyzes the impact of housing environment on animals' health and the state-of-the-art technical methods on environmental manipulation in the world. Also presented in the paper is the current status of intelligent identification technology of livestock and poultry health based on physiological, behavioral, sound, and individual automatic monitoring, the intelligent feeding management and techniques, as well as equipment, including precision feeding, mechanical manure cleaning, auto-collection of animal products, and comprehensive management of animal production information. Based on summary of existing issues and challenges, relevant suggestions on research and development in future are given. The paper aims at providing theoretical basis and technical support on the transformation, upgrading and sustainable development of China's livestock and poultry industry.
Environmental control technology, management, and intelligent equipment are critical components for modern intensive livestock and poultry farming, having great impacts on its biosecurity, animal environment, and product quality, which are considered as the mostly important issues for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Focusing on three important areas of intelligent control of animal housing environment, intelligent identification of livestock and poultry health, and intelligent feeding management, taking thermal environment, air quality, and light environment as main factors in particular, this study technically analyzes the impact of housing environment on animals' health and the state-of-the-art technical methods on environmental manipulation in the world. Also presented in the paper is the current status of intelligent identification technology of livestock and poultry health based on physiological, behavioral, sound, and individual automatic monitoring, the intelligent feeding management and techniques, as well as equipment, including precision feeding, mechanical manure cleaning, auto-collection of animal products, and comprehensive management of animal production information. Based on summary of existing issues and challenges, relevant suggestions on research and development in future are given. The paper aims at providing theoretical basis and technical support on the transformation, upgrading and sustainable development of China's livestock and poultry industry.
引文
1艾地云.常温与高温季节肥育猪主要营养素采食量研究.中国饲料,1996,(11):9-11.
2张兆顺.高温季节预防鸡热应激问题研究.陕西农业科学,2013,(5):141-143.
3徐伟,赵玉超,曹露,等.北京地区夏季奶牛直肠温度及其对产奶量影响初探.畜牧兽医学报,2016,(4):745-751.
4崔淘气.奶牛与热应激.中国奶牛,2003,(6):29-30.
5汪开英,苗香雯,崔绍荣,等.猪舍环境温湿度对育成猪的生理及生产指标的影响.农业工程学报,2002,(1):99-102.
6张宇.纵向负压通风鸡舍安装湿帘的效果观察.当代畜牧,2001,(1):29.
7蔡景义,冯堂超,廖阔遥,等.封闭型牛舍风机喷淋降温和饲粮添加铬改善肉牛生长性能.农业工程学报,2015,(19):190-194.
8 Shi Z,Li B,Zhang X,et al.Using floor cooling as an approach to improve the thermal environment in the sleeping area in an open pig house.Biosystems Engineering,2006,93(3):359-364.
9 Silva B A N,Oliveira R F M,Donzele J L,et al.Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer.Livestock Science,2006,105(1-3):176-184.
10 Silva B A N,Oliveira R F M,Donzele J L,et al.Effect of floor cooling and dietary amino acids content on performance and behaviour of lactating primiparous sows during summer.Livestock Science,2009,120(1-2):25-34.
11 Li H,Rong L,Zhang G.Numerical study on the convective heat transfer of fattening pig in groups in a mechanical ventilated pig house.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,149:90-100.
12 Wang Y,Zheng W,Shi H,et al.Optimising the design of confined laying hen house insulation requirements in cold climates without using supplementary heat.Biosystems Engineering,2018,174:282-294.
13 Hui X,Li B,Xin H,et al.New control strategy against temperature sudden-drop in the initial stage pf pad cooling process in poultry houses.International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2018,11(1):66-73.
14王阳,郑炜超,李绚阳,等.西北地区纵墙湿帘山墙排风系统改善夏季蛋鸡舍内热环境.农业工程学报,2018,34(21):202-207.
15白红杰,赵博,范磊,等.4种有害气体对猪群健康状况的影响及其控制技术.河北农业科学,2014,(4):79-83.
16易中华.畜禽排泄物污染及其饲料对策.国外畜牧学(猪与禽),1999,(5):45-46.
17朱伟,郑琛,杨华明,等.有害气体对畜禽健康的影响及防控措施研究进展.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,(11):79-83.
18 Liu S,Ni J,Radcliffe J S,et al.Mitigation of ammonia emissions from pig production using reduced dietary crude protein with amino acid supplementation.Bioresource Technology,2017,233:200-208.
19程龙梅,吴银宝,王燕,等.清粪方式对蛋鸡舍内空气环境质量及粪便理化性质的影响.中国家禽,2015,(18):22-27.
20 Lim T,Jin Y,Ni J,et al.Field evaluation of biofilters in reducing aerial pollutant emissions from a commercial pig finishing building.Biosystems Engineering,2012,112(3):192-201.
21泮进明,王小双,蒋劲松,等.家禽规模养殖LED光环境调控技术进展与趋势分析.农业机械学报,2013,44(9):231-241.
22贾良梁,何闪,Das H,等.不同光照周期和饲养密度对肉鸡肥育能力、屠宰性状和部分应激指标的影响.国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2015,(2):42-47.
23 Lewis P D,Gous R M.Erratum to“effect of final photoperiod and twenty-week body weight on sexual maturity and early egg production in broiler breeders”.Poultry Science,2006,85(6):1121.
24 Lewis P D,Danisman R,Gous R M.Photoperiods for broiler breeder females during the laying period.Poultry Science,2010,89(1):108-114.
25李福伟,刘玮,高金波,等.LED灯对蛋鸡生产性能的影响及节能效果分析.山东农业科学,2017,(11):130-132,167.
26 Hwang J,Lee J,Lee H,et al.Implementation of wireless sensor networks based pig farm integrated management system in ubiquitous agricultural environments.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2010.
27白士宝,滕光辉,杜晓冬,等.基于LabVIEW平台的蛋鸡舍环境舒适度实时监测系统设计与实现.农业工程学报,2017,(15):237-244.
28陈熔,丁凯.基于无线传感网络的智能畜禽舍环境控制系统设计.江苏农业科学,2017,(13):185-188.
29 Berckmans D.Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems.Revue Scientifique et Technique(International Office of Epizootics),2014,33(1):189-196.
30 Alade N K,Raji A O,Atiku M A.Determination of appropriate model for the estimation of body weight in goats.ARPNJournal of Agricultural and Biological Science,2008,3(4):52-57.
31李卓,杜晓冬,毛涛涛,等.基于深度图像的猪体尺检测系统.农业机械学报,2016,(3):311-318.
32 Salau J,Haas J H,Junge W,et al.Feasibility of automated body trait determination using the SR4K time-of-flight camera in cow barns.SpringerPlus,2014,3(1):1-16.
33刘同海,李卓,滕光辉,等.基于RBF神经网络的种猪体重预测.农业机械学报,2013,(8):245-249.
34 Jun K,Kim S J,Ji H W.Estimating pig weights from images without constraint on posture and illumination.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,153:169-176.
35 Youssef A,Viazzi S,Exadaktylos V,et al.Non-contact,motiontolerant measurements of chicken(Gallus gallus)embryo heart rate(HR)using video imaging and signal processing.Biosystems Engineering,2014,125:9-16.
36 Lu M,He J,Chen C,et al.An automatic ear base temperature extraction method for top view piglet thermal image.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,155:339-347.
37黎煊,赵建,高云,等.基于深度信念网络的猪咳嗽声识别.农业机械学报,2018,(3):179-186.
38 Vandermeulen J,Bahr C,Johnston D,et al.Early recognition of bovine respiratory disease in calves using automated continuous monitoring of cough sounds.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2016,129:15-26.
39 Ferrari S,Silva M,Guarino M,et al.Cough sound analysis to identify respiratory infection in pigs.Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2008,64(2):318-325.
40熊本海,杨亮,曹沛,等.哺乳母猪自动饲喂机电控制系统的优化设计及试验.农业工程学报,2014,(20):28-33.
41乔爱民,何博侠,王艳春.猪用智能粥料器控制系统研究.农业机械学报,2016,(7):166-175.
42刘金浩,林都,鲜浩,等.基于ARM一体机的改进生猪智能饲喂系统设计.中国农机化学报,2016,(2):97-100.
43Janzekovic M,Mursec B,Janzekovic I.Automatic and conventional system for feeding calves.Journal of Achievements in Materials&Manufacturing Engineering,2011,49(2):566-572.
2张兆顺.高温季节预防鸡热应激问题研究.陕西农业科学,2013,(5):141-143.
3徐伟,赵玉超,曹露,等.北京地区夏季奶牛直肠温度及其对产奶量影响初探.畜牧兽医学报,2016,(4):745-751.
4崔淘气.奶牛与热应激.中国奶牛,2003,(6):29-30.
5汪开英,苗香雯,崔绍荣,等.猪舍环境温湿度对育成猪的生理及生产指标的影响.农业工程学报,2002,(1):99-102.
6张宇.纵向负压通风鸡舍安装湿帘的效果观察.当代畜牧,2001,(1):29.
7蔡景义,冯堂超,廖阔遥,等.封闭型牛舍风机喷淋降温和饲粮添加铬改善肉牛生长性能.农业工程学报,2015,(19):190-194.
8 Shi Z,Li B,Zhang X,et al.Using floor cooling as an approach to improve the thermal environment in the sleeping area in an open pig house.Biosystems Engineering,2006,93(3):359-364.
9 Silva B A N,Oliveira R F M,Donzele J L,et al.Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer.Livestock Science,2006,105(1-3):176-184.
10 Silva B A N,Oliveira R F M,Donzele J L,et al.Effect of floor cooling and dietary amino acids content on performance and behaviour of lactating primiparous sows during summer.Livestock Science,2009,120(1-2):25-34.
11 Li H,Rong L,Zhang G.Numerical study on the convective heat transfer of fattening pig in groups in a mechanical ventilated pig house.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,149:90-100.
12 Wang Y,Zheng W,Shi H,et al.Optimising the design of confined laying hen house insulation requirements in cold climates without using supplementary heat.Biosystems Engineering,2018,174:282-294.
13 Hui X,Li B,Xin H,et al.New control strategy against temperature sudden-drop in the initial stage pf pad cooling process in poultry houses.International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2018,11(1):66-73.
14王阳,郑炜超,李绚阳,等.西北地区纵墙湿帘山墙排风系统改善夏季蛋鸡舍内热环境.农业工程学报,2018,34(21):202-207.
15白红杰,赵博,范磊,等.4种有害气体对猪群健康状况的影响及其控制技术.河北农业科学,2014,(4):79-83.
16易中华.畜禽排泄物污染及其饲料对策.国外畜牧学(猪与禽),1999,(5):45-46.
17朱伟,郑琛,杨华明,等.有害气体对畜禽健康的影响及防控措施研究进展.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,(11):79-83.
18 Liu S,Ni J,Radcliffe J S,et al.Mitigation of ammonia emissions from pig production using reduced dietary crude protein with amino acid supplementation.Bioresource Technology,2017,233:200-208.
19程龙梅,吴银宝,王燕,等.清粪方式对蛋鸡舍内空气环境质量及粪便理化性质的影响.中国家禽,2015,(18):22-27.
20 Lim T,Jin Y,Ni J,et al.Field evaluation of biofilters in reducing aerial pollutant emissions from a commercial pig finishing building.Biosystems Engineering,2012,112(3):192-201.
21泮进明,王小双,蒋劲松,等.家禽规模养殖LED光环境调控技术进展与趋势分析.农业机械学报,2013,44(9):231-241.
22贾良梁,何闪,Das H,等.不同光照周期和饲养密度对肉鸡肥育能力、屠宰性状和部分应激指标的影响.国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2015,(2):42-47.
23 Lewis P D,Gous R M.Erratum to“effect of final photoperiod and twenty-week body weight on sexual maturity and early egg production in broiler breeders”.Poultry Science,2006,85(6):1121.
24 Lewis P D,Danisman R,Gous R M.Photoperiods for broiler breeder females during the laying period.Poultry Science,2010,89(1):108-114.
25李福伟,刘玮,高金波,等.LED灯对蛋鸡生产性能的影响及节能效果分析.山东农业科学,2017,(11):130-132,167.
26 Hwang J,Lee J,Lee H,et al.Implementation of wireless sensor networks based pig farm integrated management system in ubiquitous agricultural environments.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2010.
27白士宝,滕光辉,杜晓冬,等.基于LabVIEW平台的蛋鸡舍环境舒适度实时监测系统设计与实现.农业工程学报,2017,(15):237-244.
28陈熔,丁凯.基于无线传感网络的智能畜禽舍环境控制系统设计.江苏农业科学,2017,(13):185-188.
29 Berckmans D.Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems.Revue Scientifique et Technique(International Office of Epizootics),2014,33(1):189-196.
30 Alade N K,Raji A O,Atiku M A.Determination of appropriate model for the estimation of body weight in goats.ARPNJournal of Agricultural and Biological Science,2008,3(4):52-57.
31李卓,杜晓冬,毛涛涛,等.基于深度图像的猪体尺检测系统.农业机械学报,2016,(3):311-318.
32 Salau J,Haas J H,Junge W,et al.Feasibility of automated body trait determination using the SR4K time-of-flight camera in cow barns.SpringerPlus,2014,3(1):1-16.
33刘同海,李卓,滕光辉,等.基于RBF神经网络的种猪体重预测.农业机械学报,2013,(8):245-249.
34 Jun K,Kim S J,Ji H W.Estimating pig weights from images without constraint on posture and illumination.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,153:169-176.
35 Youssef A,Viazzi S,Exadaktylos V,et al.Non-contact,motiontolerant measurements of chicken(Gallus gallus)embryo heart rate(HR)using video imaging and signal processing.Biosystems Engineering,2014,125:9-16.
36 Lu M,He J,Chen C,et al.An automatic ear base temperature extraction method for top view piglet thermal image.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,155:339-347.
37黎煊,赵建,高云,等.基于深度信念网络的猪咳嗽声识别.农业机械学报,2018,(3):179-186.
38 Vandermeulen J,Bahr C,Johnston D,et al.Early recognition of bovine respiratory disease in calves using automated continuous monitoring of cough sounds.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2016,129:15-26.
39 Ferrari S,Silva M,Guarino M,et al.Cough sound analysis to identify respiratory infection in pigs.Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2008,64(2):318-325.
40熊本海,杨亮,曹沛,等.哺乳母猪自动饲喂机电控制系统的优化设计及试验.农业工程学报,2014,(20):28-33.
41乔爱民,何博侠,王艳春.猪用智能粥料器控制系统研究.农业机械学报,2016,(7):166-175.
42刘金浩,林都,鲜浩,等.基于ARM一体机的改进生猪智能饲喂系统设计.中国农机化学报,2016,(2):97-100.
43Janzekovic M,Mursec B,Janzekovic I.Automatic and conventional system for feeding calves.Journal of Achievements in Materials&Manufacturing Engineering,2011,49(2):566-572.