伊恩·麦克尤恩笔下的精神生态荒原
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摘要
伊恩·麦克尤恩的早期小说充斥着乱伦、暴力、性虐、惊悚等因素,体现了人性异化和社会荒诞。以"恐怖伊恩"时期的两部"小型杰作"《水泥花园》和《只爱陌生人》为研究对象,从精神生态学的视角分析小说中精神生态荒原的具体表现。麦克尤恩笔下的精神生态荒原主要体现在三个方面:人与自然的生态不和谐,人与人的生态不和谐以及人与自我的生态不和谐。多种荒原般的城市意象揭露了"家"的不确定性,体现了人与自然的生态不和谐;生活意义、道德和伦理的丧失折射了畸形的人际关系,书写了人与人的生态不和谐;人的非常态成长凸显了自我的异化,展示了人与自我的生态不和谐。
Filled with incest, violence, sexual abuse and other abnormal plots, Ian Mc Ewan's early novels have embodied desolate alienation of humanity and horrible absurdity of society. Based on the two small masterpieces The Cement Garden and The Comfort of Strangers in the Ian Macabre period,the thesis aims to analyze the embodiment of spiritual ecological wasteland from the perspective of Spiritual Ecology, which can be manifested in three aspects: disharmony between man and nature, disharmony between man and man, disharmony between man and ego as well. A variety of city images reveal the uncertainty of" home",embodying the disharmony between man and nature;the loss of life meaning,morality and ethics refracts the deformed interpersonal relationship,thus depicting the disharmony between man and man;and the characters' abnormal growth projects the self-alienation,exhibiting the disharmony between man and ego.
Filled with incest, violence, sexual abuse and other abnormal plots, Ian Mc Ewan's early novels have embodied desolate alienation of humanity and horrible absurdity of society. Based on the two small masterpieces The Cement Garden and The Comfort of Strangers in the Ian Macabre period,the thesis aims to analyze the embodiment of spiritual ecological wasteland from the perspective of Spiritual Ecology, which can be manifested in three aspects: disharmony between man and nature, disharmony between man and man, disharmony between man and ego as well. A variety of city images reveal the uncertainty of" home",embodying the disharmony between man and nature;the loss of life meaning,morality and ethics refracts the deformed interpersonal relationship,thus depicting the disharmony between man and man;and the characters' abnormal growth projects the self-alienation,exhibiting the disharmony between man and ego.
引文
[1]Baxter,Jeannette.Surrealist Encouters in Ian Mc Ewan’s Early Work[A].Ian Mc Ewan:Contemporary Critical Perspectives[C].ed.Sebastian Groes.London:Continuum,2009:25.
[2]Adams,Michael J.Ian Mc Ewan.[A].Postmodern Fiction:A BioBibliographic Guide[C].Ed.Larry Mc Caffery.New York:Greenwood Press,1986:459.
[3]张子程.自然生态美论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012.
[4]鲁枢元.文学的跨界研究:文学与生态学[M].上海:学林出版社,2010.
[5]傅荣,翟宏.行为、心理、精神生态学发展研究[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版).2000(5):113-114.
[6]Groes,Sebastian.Ian Mc Ewan and the Modernist Consciousness of the City in Saturday[A].Ian Mc Ewan:Contemporary Critical Perspectives[C].ed.Sebastian Groes.London:Continuum,2009.
[7]Lynn,David.A Conversation with Ian Mc Ewan[J].The Kenyan Review,2007(2):38-51.
[8]Childs,Peter.Contemporary novelists:British fiction since 1970[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2006.
[9]苗福光.生态批评视角下的劳伦斯[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2007.
[10]M.Castells&M.Ince.Conversations with Manuel Castells[M].Oxford:Polity Press,2003:66.
[11]伊恩·麦克尤恩.只爱陌生人[M].冯涛,译.上海:译文出版社,2010.
[12]Joseph,May.Fluid New York:Cosmopolitan Urbanism and the Green Imagination[M].Durham and London:Duke University Press,2013:108.
[13]Ionica,Cristina.Narrative representations of physical violence in close interpersonal relationships in contemporary fiction[D].The University of Western Ontario,2010.
[14]詹姆斯·乔伊斯.文艺复习运动的普遍意义[J].外国文学报道.1985(6):23.
[15]唐超.寻找精神的家园——从生态女性主义的角度解读《黑骏马》[J].怀化学院学报,2016,35(6):79-81.
[16]弗里德里希·包尔生.伦理学体系[M].何怀宏,等,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988.
[17]卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯.当代的精神处境[M].黄藿,译.北京:三联书店,1992.
[18]鲁枢元.精神生态与生态精神[M].海口:南方出版社,2002.
[19]马克思.1844年经济学哲学手稿[Z].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,译.北京:人民出版社,2000:55.
[20]芮渝萍.美国成长小说研究[M].北京:社会科学出版社,2004.
[21]杨燕.伊恩·麦克尤恩小说中的“非常态成长”主题研究[D].广州:暨南大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[22]阿尔贝特·史怀泽.敬畏生命[M].陈泽环,译.上海:上海社会科学出版社,1995.
[23]Slay,Jack.Ian Mc Ewan[M].New York:Twayne Publishers,1996.
[2]Adams,Michael J.Ian Mc Ewan.[A].Postmodern Fiction:A BioBibliographic Guide[C].Ed.Larry Mc Caffery.New York:Greenwood Press,1986:459.
[3]张子程.自然生态美论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2012.
[4]鲁枢元.文学的跨界研究:文学与生态学[M].上海:学林出版社,2010.
[5]傅荣,翟宏.行为、心理、精神生态学发展研究[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版).2000(5):113-114.
[6]Groes,Sebastian.Ian Mc Ewan and the Modernist Consciousness of the City in Saturday[A].Ian Mc Ewan:Contemporary Critical Perspectives[C].ed.Sebastian Groes.London:Continuum,2009.
[7]Lynn,David.A Conversation with Ian Mc Ewan[J].The Kenyan Review,2007(2):38-51.
[8]Childs,Peter.Contemporary novelists:British fiction since 1970[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2006.
[9]苗福光.生态批评视角下的劳伦斯[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2007.
[10]M.Castells&M.Ince.Conversations with Manuel Castells[M].Oxford:Polity Press,2003:66.
[11]伊恩·麦克尤恩.只爱陌生人[M].冯涛,译.上海:译文出版社,2010.
[12]Joseph,May.Fluid New York:Cosmopolitan Urbanism and the Green Imagination[M].Durham and London:Duke University Press,2013:108.
[13]Ionica,Cristina.Narrative representations of physical violence in close interpersonal relationships in contemporary fiction[D].The University of Western Ontario,2010.
[14]詹姆斯·乔伊斯.文艺复习运动的普遍意义[J].外国文学报道.1985(6):23.
[15]唐超.寻找精神的家园——从生态女性主义的角度解读《黑骏马》[J].怀化学院学报,2016,35(6):79-81.
[16]弗里德里希·包尔生.伦理学体系[M].何怀宏,等,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988.
[17]卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯.当代的精神处境[M].黄藿,译.北京:三联书店,1992.
[18]鲁枢元.精神生态与生态精神[M].海口:南方出版社,2002.
[19]马克思.1844年经济学哲学手稿[Z].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,译.北京:人民出版社,2000:55.
[20]芮渝萍.美国成长小说研究[M].北京:社会科学出版社,2004.
[21]杨燕.伊恩·麦克尤恩小说中的“非常态成长”主题研究[D].广州:暨南大学硕士学位论文,2012.
[22]阿尔贝特·史怀泽.敬畏生命[M].陈泽环,译.上海:上海社会科学出版社,1995.
[23]Slay,Jack.Ian Mc Ewan[M].New York:Twayne Publishers,1996.