西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体的有效繁殖力特性研究
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摘要
对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)雄性个体的有效繁殖力特性,以及有效繁殖力与个体生长发育关系进行了研究。结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体的胴长、体重的生物学最小型分别为207.79 mm和162.55 g;个体有效繁殖力为(374±280.33)条精荚,胴长相对有效繁殖力为(179.18±117.66)条/mm;精荚的平均长度为(21.57±4.17)mm,是胴长的(10.22±1.82)%。随着性腺发育,个体有效繁殖力和精荚长度均增长显著(P<0.05),前者在功能性成熟期达到最大值,为(811±181.34)条精荚;后者在繁殖产卵期达到最大值,为(23.89±3.87)mm。同时,个体有效繁殖力和精荚长度均与胴长、体重呈显著的线性函数关系(P<0.05)。回归拟合数据集比较分析和多元线性回归分析显示,个体有效繁殖力与胴长、体重之间的线性关系不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),但是体重对个体有效繁殖力的影响更为显著(P<0.001);精荚长度与胴长、体重之间的线性关系存在显著性差异(P<0.001),并且胴长、体重两者对精荚长度具有一致的影响效应(P<0.001)。以上结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体随着性腺发育持续产生并存储精荚,精荚长度也随之显著增加,并且与个体大小密切相关。
Illex argentinus is one of the most important ommastrephid squids, due to its annual landing volume, and its key role as transient ‘biological pumps' in southwest Atlantic ecosystem. In order to understand the fecundity characteristics of male ommastrephids, specimens of male I. argentinus, collected from December 2012 to March 2013, were used to analyze the fecundity and its relationship to reproductive development with biological statistics analysis. The results showed that the minimum biological size was 207.29 mm for mantle length(ML) and 162.55 g for body weight(BW). The effective fecundity(EF), defined as the sum of normal spermatophores in spermatophoric complex and spermatophoric sac, was in an average of(374±280.33) spermatophores. The mean value of relative effective fecundity by mantle length was(179.18±117.66) spermatophores per millimeter. The length of spermatophores(SL) varied from6.34 to 33.14 mm, and its mean value was(21.57±4.17) mm, which was(10.22±1.82)% of mantle length. Both EF and SL significantly increased with the onset of sexual maturation(P<0.05). EF attained the maximum value at functionally maturity stage(Ⅵ), with a mean value of(811±181.34) spermatophores. SL increased up to the mating stage(Ⅶ),whereby it attained a mean value of(23.89±3.87) mm. Meanwhile, both EF and SL showed significantly linear relation with mantle length(EF=–581.92+4.56 ML, R~2=0.17, P<0.05; SL=5.77+0.075 ML, R~2=0.23, P<0.05) and body weight(EF=16.55+1.77 BW, R~2=0.37, P<0.05; SL=17.96+0.017 BW, R~2=0.17, P<0.05), indicating that individual with bigger size has larger EF and longer SL. Furthermore, the compare datasets of fitted model analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the linear relationship of EF-ML and that of EF-BW(P>0.05). Based on multiple regression analysis, however, the influence on EF from body weight was more significant than that from mantle length(P<0.05). The compare datasets of fitted model analysis for SL showed that there was significant difference between the linear relationship of SL-ML and that of SL-BW(P<0.001), although the multiple regression analysis suggested a comparative influence on SL from both mantle length and body weight(P<0.001). These findings indicated that the EF of male I. argentinus was a strategy of adaptability to its short lifespan by producing and accumulating spermatophores along with reproductive development and body growth, and the length of spermatophores will also increase with time.
Illex argentinus is one of the most important ommastrephid squids, due to its annual landing volume, and its key role as transient ‘biological pumps' in southwest Atlantic ecosystem. In order to understand the fecundity characteristics of male ommastrephids, specimens of male I. argentinus, collected from December 2012 to March 2013, were used to analyze the fecundity and its relationship to reproductive development with biological statistics analysis. The results showed that the minimum biological size was 207.29 mm for mantle length(ML) and 162.55 g for body weight(BW). The effective fecundity(EF), defined as the sum of normal spermatophores in spermatophoric complex and spermatophoric sac, was in an average of(374±280.33) spermatophores. The mean value of relative effective fecundity by mantle length was(179.18±117.66) spermatophores per millimeter. The length of spermatophores(SL) varied from6.34 to 33.14 mm, and its mean value was(21.57±4.17) mm, which was(10.22±1.82)% of mantle length. Both EF and SL significantly increased with the onset of sexual maturation(P<0.05). EF attained the maximum value at functionally maturity stage(Ⅵ), with a mean value of(811±181.34) spermatophores. SL increased up to the mating stage(Ⅶ),whereby it attained a mean value of(23.89±3.87) mm. Meanwhile, both EF and SL showed significantly linear relation with mantle length(EF=–581.92+4.56 ML, R~2=0.17, P<0.05; SL=5.77+0.075 ML, R~2=0.23, P<0.05) and body weight(EF=16.55+1.77 BW, R~2=0.37, P<0.05; SL=17.96+0.017 BW, R~2=0.17, P<0.05), indicating that individual with bigger size has larger EF and longer SL. Furthermore, the compare datasets of fitted model analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the linear relationship of EF-ML and that of EF-BW(P>0.05). Based on multiple regression analysis, however, the influence on EF from body weight was more significant than that from mantle length(P<0.05). The compare datasets of fitted model analysis for SL showed that there was significant difference between the linear relationship of SL-ML and that of SL-BW(P<0.001), although the multiple regression analysis suggested a comparative influence on SL from both mantle length and body weight(P<0.001). These findings indicated that the EF of male I. argentinus was a strategy of adaptability to its short lifespan by producing and accumulating spermatophores along with reproductive development and body growth, and the length of spermatophores will also increase with time.
引文
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[2]Su J X.Ichthyology and Marine Fishes Aquaculture(2nd edition)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.2000,507[苏锦祥.鱼类学与海水鱼类养殖(第二版).北京:中国农业出版社.2000,507]
[3]Christiansen F B,Fenchel T M.Evolution of marine invertebrate reproductive patterns[J].Theoretical Population Biology,1979,16(3):267-282
[4]Boletzky S V.Fecundity variation in relation to intermittent or chronic spawning in the cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis L.(Mollusca:Cephalopoda)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1987,40(2):382-387
[5]Rodhouse P G K,Arkhipkin A I,Laptikhovsky V,et al.Illex argentinus,Argentine shortfin squid,in Advances in Squid Biology,Ecology and Fisheries.Part II-Oegopsid squids,R.Rosa,G.Pierce,and R.O’Dor,Editors.Nova Science Publishers:New York.2013,109-148
[6]FAO.Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.2011,63-105
[7]Chen X J,Lu H J,Liu B L,et al.Current exploitation and some scientific issues in the sustainable utilization of Ommastrephidae[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(5):831-840[陈新军,陆化杰,刘必林,等.大洋性柔鱼类资源开发现状及可持续利用的科学问题.上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(5):831-840]
[8]Arkhipkin A I.Squid as nutrient vectors linking Southwest Atlantic marine ecosystems[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2013,95(6):7-20
[9]Rodhouse P G,Hatfield E M C.Production of soma and gonad in maturing male Illex argentinus(Mollusca:Cephalopoda)[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1992,72(2):293-300
[10]Hatfield E,Rodhouse P,Barber D.Production of soma and gonad in maturing female Illex argentinus(Mollusca:Cephalopoda)[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1992,72(2):281-291
[11]Arkhipkin A,Laptikhovsky V.Seasonal and interannual variability in growth and maturation of winter-spawning Illex argentinus(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)in the Southwest Atlantic[J].Aquatic Living Resources,1994,7(4):221-232
[12]Santos R A,Haimovici M.Reproductive biology of the winter-spring spawners of Illex argentinus(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)off Southern Brazil[J].Scientia Marina,1997,61(1):53-64
[13]Lin D M,Chen X J,Fang Z.Preliminary study on reproductive biology of summer spawning stock of Illex argentinus in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(6):843-852[林东明,陈新军,方舟.西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼夏季产卵种群繁殖生物学的初步研究.水产学报,2014,38(6):843-852]
[14]Laptikhovsky V V,Nigmatullin C M.Egg size,fecundity,and spawning in females of the genus Illex(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science:Journal du Conseil,1993,50(4):393-403
[15]Lin D M,Chen X J,Chen Y,et al.Ovarian development in Argentinean shortfin squid Illex argentinus:group-synchrony for corroboration of intermittent spawning strategy[J].Hydrobiologia,2017,795(1):327-339
[16]Arkhipkin A.Reproductive system structure,development and function in cephalopods with a new general scale for maturity stages[J].Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science,1992,12:63-74
[17]ICES.Report of the Workshop on Sexual Maturity Staging of Cephalopods,8-11 November 2010,Livorno,Italy.ICES CM 2010/ACOM:49.2010,97
[18]Fang Z,Lu H J,Chen X J,et al.Annual variability in biological characteristics of Illex argentinus in the southwest Atlantic Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(2):371-379[方舟,陆化杰,陈新军,等.西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼生物学年间比较.生态学报,2012,32(2):371-379]
[19]Zar J H.Biostatistical Analysis,fourth Edition[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall.1999,960
[20]Jereb P,Roper C F E.Cephalopods of the World.An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date.Volume 2.Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids[M].Rome:FAO.2010,269-347
[21]Liu Y,Zhang X,Zhou Y,et al.An analysis of biological characteristics of Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus collected by trawl in southwest Atlantic in 2011[J].South China Fisheries Science,2011,8(3):39-47[刘岩,张秀梅,周游,等.2011年西南大西洋拖网渔获物阿根廷滑柔鱼生物学分析.南方水产科学,2011,8(3):39-47]
[22]FAO.The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture2016.Contributing to Food Security and Nutrition for All[M].Rome:FAO.2016,200
[23]Froese R.Cube law,condition factor and weight-length relationships:history,meta-analysis and recommendations[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2006,22(4):241-253
[24]Jereb P,Roper C.Cephalopods of the World,an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date.Volume 1.Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids(Nautilidae,Sepiidae,Sepiolidae,Sepiadariidae,Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae)[M].Rome:FAO.2005,269
[25]Lin D M,Chen X J.Research progress on histological structure of reproductive system in cephalopod[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2013,22(3):410-418[林东明,陈新军.头足类生殖系统组织结构研究进展.上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(3):410-418]
[26]Boyle P,Rodhouse P.Cephalopods:Ecology and Fisheries[M].Oxford,UK:Wiley-Blackwell.2005,464
[27]Gabr H R,Hanlon R T,Hanafy M H,et al.Maturation,fecundity and seasonality of reproduction of two commercially valuable cuttlefish,Sepia pharaonis and S.dollfusi,in the Suez Canal[J].Fisheries Research,1998,36(2-3):99-115
[28]Hoving H J T,Laptikhovsky V V,Lipinski M R,et al.Fecundity,oogenesis,and ovulation pattern of southern African Lycoteuthis lorigera(Steenstrup,1875)[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,725(1):23-32
[29]Gonzalez A F,Guerra A.Reproductive biology of the short-finned squid Illex coindetii(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)of the Northeastern Atlantic[J].Sarsia,1996,81(2):107-118
[30]Nigmatullin C M,Arkhipkin A,Sabirov R.Age,growth and reproductive biology of diamond-shaped squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus(Oegopsida:Thysanoteuthidae)[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1995,43(5):73-87
[31]Laptikhovsky V,Nigmatullin C M.Caracteristicas reproductivas de machos y hembras del calamar(Illex argentinus)[J].Frente Marítimo,1992,12(A):23-37
[32]Lin D M,Chen X J,Wei Y R,et al.The energy accumulation of somatic tissue and reproductive organs in postrecruit female Illex argentinus and the relationship with sea surface oceanography[J].Fisheries Research,2017,185:102-114
[33]Lin D M,Chen X J,Wei Y R,et al.Energy accumulation of both somatic and reproductive tissues and its allocation to reproduction in Argentinean short-fin squid(Illex argentinus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(1):70-80[林东明,陈新军,魏嫣然,等.阿根廷滑柔鱼雌性个体肌肉和性腺组织能量积累及其生殖投入.水产学报,2017,41(1):70-80]
[34]Villanueva R.Continuous spawning in the cirrate octopods Opisthoteuthis agassizii and O.vossi:features of sexual maturation defining a reproductive strategy in cephalopods[J].Marine Biology,1992,114(2):265-275
[35]Hoving H J T,Arkhipkin A I,Laptikhovsky V V,et al.Mating tactics in the sub-Antarctic deep-sea squid Onykia ingens(Cephalopoda:Onychoteuthidae)[J].Polar Biology,2016,39(7):1319-1328
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