生物浮床对黄颡鱼养殖塘浮游植物多样性与水质的影响
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摘要
为鱼类养殖水环境的高效集成调控提供参考,采用模糊综合评价方法研究水葫芦浮床和水花生浮床黄颡鱼养殖塘养殖周期内浮游植物多样性(Margalef丰富度指数D、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度指数J)与环境因子的关系。结果表明:水葫芦浮床养殖塘检出浮游植物6门33属,优势种群为绿藻门和蓝藻门,分别占该塘总属数的48.48%和21.21%,优势度分别为0.456和0.464;D、H和J分别为1.12、3.10和0.77。水花生浮床养殖塘检出浮游植物5门30属,优势种群为绿藻门和硅藻门,分别占该塘总属数的46.67%和26.67%,优势度分别为0.459和0.121;D、H和J分别为1.17、3.19和0.77。2种生物浮床养殖塘的水质类型均为Ⅱ类,主要环境因子无显著性差异。水花生浮床养殖塘的水生环境较稳定,水质优于水葫芦浮床养殖塘,即水花生浮床对养殖水体健康的贡献优于水葫芦浮床。
In order to provide references for efficient integrated regulation of fish culture water environment,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was employed to study the relationship of phytoplankton diversity(Margalef richness index D,Shannon-Wiener diversity index H,and Pielou evenness index J)with environmental factors in the breeding cycle of Eichhornia crassipes floating bed and Alternanthera philoxeroides floating bed.Results:Six phyla and 33 genera of phytoplankton were detected in E.crassipes floating bed.The dominant populations were Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta,accounting for respectively 48.48%and 21.21% of the total genera,the dominances of which were 0.456 and 0.464 respectively;D,H and J were 1.12,3.10 and 0.77 respectively;Five phyla and 30 genera of phyoplankton were detected in A.philoxeroides floating bed,the dominant populations were Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta respectively,accounting for 46.67%and 26.67%respectively of the total genera,the dominances of which were 0.459 and 0.121 respectively;D,H and J were 1.17,3.19 and 0.77 respectively.The water quality types of the two biological floating bed ponds were all at the ClassⅡlevel,and there was no significant difference in the main environmental factors.In general,the aquatic environment of A.philoxeroides floating bed pond is relatively stable,and the water quality precedes that of E.crassipes floating bed,that is,compared with the E.crassipes floating bed,A.philoxeroides floating bed makes greater contribution to the health of aquaculture water.
In order to provide references for efficient integrated regulation of fish culture water environment,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was employed to study the relationship of phytoplankton diversity(Margalef richness index D,Shannon-Wiener diversity index H,and Pielou evenness index J)with environmental factors in the breeding cycle of Eichhornia crassipes floating bed and Alternanthera philoxeroides floating bed.Results:Six phyla and 33 genera of phytoplankton were detected in E.crassipes floating bed.The dominant populations were Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta,accounting for respectively 48.48%and 21.21% of the total genera,the dominances of which were 0.456 and 0.464 respectively;D,H and J were 1.12,3.10 and 0.77 respectively;Five phyla and 30 genera of phyoplankton were detected in A.philoxeroides floating bed,the dominant populations were Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta respectively,accounting for 46.67%and 26.67%respectively of the total genera,the dominances of which were 0.459 and 0.121 respectively;D,H and J were 1.17,3.19 and 0.77 respectively.The water quality types of the two biological floating bed ponds were all at the ClassⅡlevel,and there was no significant difference in the main environmental factors.In general,the aquatic environment of A.philoxeroides floating bed pond is relatively stable,and the water quality precedes that of E.crassipes floating bed,that is,compared with the E.crassipes floating bed,A.philoxeroides floating bed makes greater contribution to the health of aquaculture water.
引文
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[29]李晓莉,陶玲,张世羊,等.陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(3):507-510.
[30]井艳文,胡秀琳.利用生物浮床技术进行水体修复研究与示范[J].水利科学研究,2003(6):18-19.
[31]戈贤平.大宗淡水鱼池塘循环水养殖技术研发进展[J].科学养鱼,2014(8):2-4.
[32]牛英豪,孙红岩,刘文青.水生蔬菜生物浮床净化中华鳖养殖水质的研究[J].河北渔业,2014(3):5-10.
[2] PTACNIK R,SOLIMINI A G,ANDERSEN T,et al.Diversity predicts stability and resource use efficiency in natural phytoplankton communities[J].Proceedings of the national academy of sciences,2008,105(13):5134-5138.
[3] BARTON A D,DUTKIEWICZ S,FLIERL G,et al.Patterns of diversity in marine phytoplankton[J].Science,2010,327(5972):1509-1511.
[4] GAEDEKE A,SOMMER U.The influence of the frequency of periodic disturbances on the maintenance of phytoplankton diversity[J].Oecologia,1986,71(1):25-28.
[5] SUIKKANEN S,LAAMANEN M,HUTTUNEN M.Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,71:580-592.
[6] NUCCIO C,MELILLO C,MASSI L,et al.Phytoplankton abundance,community structure and diversity in the eutrophicated Orbetello lagoon(Tuscany)from 1995to 2001[J].Oceanologica Acta,2003,26(1):15-25.
[7] MOUSTAKA-GOUNI M.Phytoplankton succession and diversity in a warm monomictic,relatively shallow lake:Lake Volvi, Macedonia, Greece[J].Hydrobiologia,1993,249(1):33-42.
[8] MUYLAERT K,SABBE K,VYVERMAN W.Changes in phytoplankton diversity and community composition along the salinity gradient of the Schelde estuary(Belgium/The Netherlands)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2009,82(2):335-340.
[9]池秀莲,唐志尧.面积、温度及分布区限制对物种丰富度海拔格局的影响:以秦岭太白山为例[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):362-370.
[10]代飞飞.浮游植物物种丰富度对集群生物量与稳定性影响的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[11]张芳.不同水生植物对富营养化水体净化效果和机理的比较[D].南京:南京理工大学,2016.
[12]郭岩岩,王兰明,牛新胜,等.9种生态浮岛植物对乡村河道污水的净化效果[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46(11):66-70.
[13]张红,赵卫红,黄金田.黄颡鱼养殖池塘氮磷营养盐周年变化研究[J].水产养殖,2013,34(1):41-44.
[14] MOSS B.Diversity in fresh-water phytoplankton[J].American Midland N aturalist,1973,90(2):341-355.
[15] WILLIAMS P N,VILLADA A,RAAB A,et al.Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain export comparison with wheat and barley[J].Environment Science&Technology,2007,41:6854-6859.
[16]张新英,胡衡生,雷婷婷,等.城市空气污染物与交通流量的关联度分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2004,21(2):94-95.
[17]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989(4):13-15,19.
[18]张丽娜.海浪河浮游植物群落结构特征和水质营养状态评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010.
[19] WILHM J L.Use of biomass units in shannons formula[J].Ecology,1968,49(1):153-155.
[20]马太玲,朝伦巴根,高端忠,等.水环境质量综合评价方法的比较研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,37(34):17000-17002.
[21]席文娟,金婧,钱会.改进模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):25-29.
[22]张紫皇,陈柏娟,周晴,等.模糊综合评价在评估岩滩水库水质周年变化中的作用[J].广东农业科学,2014(6):199-204.
[23]许顺国,牟瑞芳,张雪梅.模糊数学综合评判法在水质评价中的应用-以成都市府河为例[J].唐山师范学院学报,2007,29(2):68-70.
[24]娄方瑞,程光平,周晴,等.3种投饲模式对池塘养殖新吉富罗非鱼生长及水环境的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016(2):138-143.
[25]刘莲.氮磷比率对两种蓝藻和两种绿藻生长的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(4):574-581.
[26]徐肖莹.上海市河道附着藻类群落结构特征及其对水环境指示作用的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2017.
[27]胡方凡,王毛兰,周文斌.袁河浮游藻类群落结构与水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(1):27-33.
[28]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[29]李晓莉,陶玲,张世羊,等.陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(3):507-510.
[30]井艳文,胡秀琳.利用生物浮床技术进行水体修复研究与示范[J].水利科学研究,2003(6):18-19.
[31]戈贤平.大宗淡水鱼池塘循环水养殖技术研发进展[J].科学养鱼,2014(8):2-4.
[32]牛英豪,孙红岩,刘文青.水生蔬菜生物浮床净化中华鳖养殖水质的研究[J].河北渔业,2014(3):5-10.