不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能及部分生理生化指标的影响
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摘要
为研究不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中进口鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、全鱼营养成分组成、血液部分生理生化指标的影响,本试验共设4组利用不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中鱼粉的试验饲料(分别记为:0%(D1组)、3%(D2组)、6%(D3组)、9%(D4组),每组饲料设3个重复组,每个重复放养初始体重约为(12.43±0.16)g/尾的大口黑鲈(Largemouth Bass)30尾,在室内循环水养殖系统中饲养8周。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均显著提高,SGR分别提高14.0%、15.8%、20.5%,PER分别提高9.1%、16.8%、27.3%,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P <0.05),其中以9%南极磷虾粉替代组效果最佳;(2)各试验组全鱼的水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P> 0.05),南极磷虾粉替代组的粗脂肪含量均高于对照组,其中6%南极磷虾粉替代组较对照组提高13.8%(P <0.05);(3)南极磷虾粉等量替代组试验鱼血液中的白细胞数目(WBC)较对照组分别提高66.1%、61.1%、56.5%(P <0.05),而红细胞数目(PBC)较对照组分别提高25.2%、25.2%、20.7%(P <0.05),而红血蛋白(HGB)、白蛋白(ALB)各组间差异不显著(P> 0.05);(4)各替代组试验鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉含量的上升而上升,其中9%替代组分别较对照组提高45.0%、36.4%(P <0.05),各替代组试验鱼血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组(P <0.05),各试验组血清中丙二醛含量与对照组没有显著差异(P> 0.05);(5)各替代组血清中甘油三酯(TG)的含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),总胆固醇(TC)的含量随着南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉含量的上升而上升,其中9%替代组较对照组提高21.5%(P <0.05),各组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。综上,南极磷虾粉是大口黑鲈配合饲料中的优质蛋白源,适当替代鱼粉可以提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长性能,抗氧化功能以及免疫功能,本试验中以6%、9%南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中鱼粉的效果最佳。
To investigate the effects of dietary krill meal equivalent to replace fish meal on growth performance,body composition and biochemical indexes of blood of largemouth bass,four diets supplemented with graded levels of krill meal to replace fish meal [ 0%(group D1),3%(group D2),6%(group D3) and 9%(group D4)] were fed to triplicate treatments of 30 juveniles each with the initial body-weight of(12.43±0.16) g for 8 weeks.The results were as follows:(1) Compared with the control group,the krill meal replacement groups could be significantly increased the weight gain rate(WGR),the protein efficiency rate(PER) and the special growth rate(SGR)(P < 0.05),while the feed conversion ratio(FCR) was significantly decreased(P < 0.05),and the9% group was the best.(2) No significant differences were observed in the content of moisture,crude protein and ash(P > 0.05),but the content of crude lipid of krill meal replacement groups were higher than that of the control group,the 6% substitution group was increased by 13.8% compared with the control group(P < 0.05).(3) The quantity of white blood cells(WBC) in the blood of D2,D3 and D4 test groups were increased by66.1%,61.1% and 56.5% respectively compared with the control group(P < 0.05),while the number of red blood cells(PBC) were increased by 25.2%,25.2% and 20.7%(P < 0.05),but the hemoglobin(HGB) and albumin(ALB) were not significantly different between all groups(P > 0.05).(4) However,with the increasing of krill meal in the diets,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in krill meal replacement groups were significantly increased,and the 9% group were increased by 45.0% and 36.4% compared with the control group(P < 0.05).The activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in krill meal replacement groups were higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05),but there was no significant differences in malondialdehyde(MDA).(5) The concentration of triglyceride(TG) in krill meal replacement groups were higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05).With the increasing of antarctic krill meal the content of TC was increased,and the 9%group was increased by 21.5% compared with the control group(P < 0.05).There were no significant difference in activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)between the all groups.It was concluded that dietary supplementated with krill meal equivalent to replace fishmeal could enhance growth performance,antioxidant and immune function of Largemouth Bass,and the suitable level of dietary krill meal equivalent to replace fish meal was 6% and 9%.
To investigate the effects of dietary krill meal equivalent to replace fish meal on growth performance,body composition and biochemical indexes of blood of largemouth bass,four diets supplemented with graded levels of krill meal to replace fish meal [ 0%(group D1),3%(group D2),6%(group D3) and 9%(group D4)] were fed to triplicate treatments of 30 juveniles each with the initial body-weight of(12.43±0.16) g for 8 weeks.The results were as follows:(1) Compared with the control group,the krill meal replacement groups could be significantly increased the weight gain rate(WGR),the protein efficiency rate(PER) and the special growth rate(SGR)(P < 0.05),while the feed conversion ratio(FCR) was significantly decreased(P < 0.05),and the9% group was the best.(2) No significant differences were observed in the content of moisture,crude protein and ash(P > 0.05),but the content of crude lipid of krill meal replacement groups were higher than that of the control group,the 6% substitution group was increased by 13.8% compared with the control group(P < 0.05).(3) The quantity of white blood cells(WBC) in the blood of D2,D3 and D4 test groups were increased by66.1%,61.1% and 56.5% respectively compared with the control group(P < 0.05),while the number of red blood cells(PBC) were increased by 25.2%,25.2% and 20.7%(P < 0.05),but the hemoglobin(HGB) and albumin(ALB) were not significantly different between all groups(P > 0.05).(4) However,with the increasing of krill meal in the diets,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in krill meal replacement groups were significantly increased,and the 9% group were increased by 45.0% and 36.4% compared with the control group(P < 0.05).The activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in krill meal replacement groups were higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05),but there was no significant differences in malondialdehyde(MDA).(5) The concentration of triglyceride(TG) in krill meal replacement groups were higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05).With the increasing of antarctic krill meal the content of TC was increased,and the 9%group was increased by 21.5% compared with the control group(P < 0.05).There were no significant difference in activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)between the all groups.It was concluded that dietary supplementated with krill meal equivalent to replace fishmeal could enhance growth performance,antioxidant and immune function of Largemouth Bass,and the suitable level of dietary krill meal equivalent to replace fish meal was 6% and 9%.
引文
[1]龚洋洋,黄艳青,陆建学,等.南极磷虾粉在水产饲料中的应用研究进展[J],海洋渔业:2013,13(2),236~242.
[2]韩星星,王秋荣,叶坤,等.叶黄素和虾青素对大黄鱼体色及抗氧化能力的影响[J].渔业研究,2018,40(2):4~110.
[3]孔繁华,梁萌青,吴立新,等.南极磷虾粉对大菱鲆生长、非特异性免疫及氟残留的影响[J].渔业科学进展.2012,33(1):54~60.
[4]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.8~107.
[5]李贤,张世萍,杨帆,等.蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长及体成分的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(19):4321~4324.
[6]陆永绥,潘秋英,陈秀枢,等.血清总蛋白测定不同双缩脲试剂及标准化评价[J].临床检验杂志,1996,3:115~117.
[7]缪明.内分泌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.103~110.
[8]孙宏,叶有标,姚晓红,等.发酵棉籽粕部分替代鱼粉对黑鲷幼鱼生长性能、体成分及血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1238~1245.
[9]孙玲.大豆抗原蛋白对不同食性鱼类消化酶活性及血液指标的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].吉林:吉林农业大学,2008.
[10]唐琴,廖全中,曾洁,等.饲料磷含量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长、生化组成及血清生化指标的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2011,30(8):506~510.
[11]尾崎久雄.鱼类消化生理(吴尚忠,李爱杰).[M].上海:海科学技术出版社,1983.17~66.
[12]魏佳丽,磷虾粉在星斑川鲽和珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文][D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015.
[13]吴莉芳,秦贵信,刘春力,等.饲料大豆蛋白对鲤鱼消化酶活力和血液主要生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(8):63~69.
[14]徐建业,董宪彤,张海明,等.骨碱性磷酸酶测定在早期诊断佝偻病与血清碱性磷酸酶及钙磷测定的比较[J].实用兽医杂志,2004,11(8):1421~1422.
[15]徐吟梅,邱卫华,余丽萍,等.南极磷虾粉的营养与功能[J].现代渔业信息,2010,8:14~16.
[16]严俊丽,陈四清,常青,等.南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标及血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3503~3510.
[17]袁玥,李学英,杨宪时等.南极磷虾粉营养成分的分析与比较[J].海洋渔业,2012,34:457~463.
[18]张洪渊,石安静,刘克武,等.河蚌培养组织的几种生化成分分析[J].动物学杂志,1994,29(4):8~12.
[19]赵朝阳,周洪琪,陈建明,等.花骨对饲料中磷的营养需求[J].水产学报,2008,32(4):614~620.
[20]赵菇茜,动物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.25~60.
[21] Baldi A,Bontempo V,Cheli F,et al.Effect of dietary chromoumyeast in weaning stressed piglet[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science.1999,79(7):369~374.
[22] Carl D,Websterl and Chhorn Lim,Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture[M].Wallingford,Oxon,UK,New York CABI Publishing:2002.
[23] Gabermma.The effect of different levels of krill meal supplementation of soybean-based diets on feed intake,digestibility,and chemical composition of juvenile Niletil Apla Orechrom is niloticus,L[J].World Aquaculture Society,2005,36(3):346~353.
[24] Hansen J,Penn M,Verland M,et al.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010(310):164~172.
[25] Ibrahim A,Shimizu C,Konom.Pigmentation of cultured red sea bream,Chrysophrys major,using astaxanthin from ANTARCTIC KRILL,Euphausia superba and amysid Neomysissp[J].Aquaculture,1984,38(1):45~57.
[26] Kurashige M.Inhibition of oxidative injury of biological membranes by astaxanthin[J].Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR,1990,22(1):22~27.
[27] Li M,Wu W,Zhou PP,et al.Comparison effect of dietary astaxanthin and Haematococcus pluvialis on rowth performance,antioxidant status and immune response of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:227~232.
[28] Martnez-lvarezr M Molales A E,Sanz A,et al.Antioxidant Defenses in Fish:Biotic and Abiotic Factors[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2005,15(1~2):75~88.
[29] Moren M,Maled M K,Olsen R E,et al.Fluorine accumulation in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar),Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua),rainbow trout(Onchorhyncus mykiss)and Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)fed diets with krill or amphipod meals and fish meal based diets with sodium fluoride(NaF)inclusion[J].Aquaculture,2007,269(1~4):525~531.
[30] NRC.National research council.Nutrient requirements of fish[M].Washionton D C,USA:National Academy Press,1993.144.
[31] Olsen R E,Suontama J,Langmyhr E,et al.The replacement of fish meal with Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba in diets for Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar[J].Aquacult.Nut.2006(12):280~290.
[32] Suontama J,Karlsen,Moren M,et al.Growth,feed conversion and chemical composition of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)and Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)fed diets supplemented with krill or amphipods[J].Aquaculture Nutrition.2007,13(4):241~255.
[33] Shimizu C,Ibrahim A,Tokoro T,et al.Feeding stimulation in seabream,Pagrus major fed diets supplemented with ntarctic krill meals[J]. Aquaculture,1990,89(1):43~53.
[34] Update Krill Industry Overview(v.April 2013)[EB/OL].http://www.tharos.biz/update krill industry overview vapril 2013.
[35] Yoshitomi B,Aoki M,Oshima S,et al.Evaluation of krill(Eupausia superba)meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)diets[J]. Aquaculture,2006(261):440~446.
[36] Zhang C X,Mai K S,Ai Q H,et al.Dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile Japanese seabas,Lateolabrax japonicas[J].Aquaculture,2006,255(1):201~209.
[2]韩星星,王秋荣,叶坤,等.叶黄素和虾青素对大黄鱼体色及抗氧化能力的影响[J].渔业研究,2018,40(2):4~110.
[3]孔繁华,梁萌青,吴立新,等.南极磷虾粉对大菱鲆生长、非特异性免疫及氟残留的影响[J].渔业科学进展.2012,33(1):54~60.
[4]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.8~107.
[5]李贤,张世萍,杨帆,等.蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长及体成分的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(19):4321~4324.
[6]陆永绥,潘秋英,陈秀枢,等.血清总蛋白测定不同双缩脲试剂及标准化评价[J].临床检验杂志,1996,3:115~117.
[7]缪明.内分泌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.103~110.
[8]孙宏,叶有标,姚晓红,等.发酵棉籽粕部分替代鱼粉对黑鲷幼鱼生长性能、体成分及血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1238~1245.
[9]孙玲.大豆抗原蛋白对不同食性鱼类消化酶活性及血液指标的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].吉林:吉林农业大学,2008.
[10]唐琴,廖全中,曾洁,等.饲料磷含量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长、生化组成及血清生化指标的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2011,30(8):506~510.
[11]尾崎久雄.鱼类消化生理(吴尚忠,李爱杰).[M].上海:海科学技术出版社,1983.17~66.
[12]魏佳丽,磷虾粉在星斑川鲽和珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文][D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015.
[13]吴莉芳,秦贵信,刘春力,等.饲料大豆蛋白对鲤鱼消化酶活力和血液主要生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(8):63~69.
[14]徐建业,董宪彤,张海明,等.骨碱性磷酸酶测定在早期诊断佝偻病与血清碱性磷酸酶及钙磷测定的比较[J].实用兽医杂志,2004,11(8):1421~1422.
[15]徐吟梅,邱卫华,余丽萍,等.南极磷虾粉的营养与功能[J].现代渔业信息,2010,8:14~16.
[16]严俊丽,陈四清,常青,等.南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉对圆斑星鲽幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标及血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3503~3510.
[17]袁玥,李学英,杨宪时等.南极磷虾粉营养成分的分析与比较[J].海洋渔业,2012,34:457~463.
[18]张洪渊,石安静,刘克武,等.河蚌培养组织的几种生化成分分析[J].动物学杂志,1994,29(4):8~12.
[19]赵朝阳,周洪琪,陈建明,等.花骨对饲料中磷的营养需求[J].水产学报,2008,32(4):614~620.
[20]赵菇茜,动物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.25~60.
[21] Baldi A,Bontempo V,Cheli F,et al.Effect of dietary chromoumyeast in weaning stressed piglet[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science.1999,79(7):369~374.
[22] Carl D,Websterl and Chhorn Lim,Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture[M].Wallingford,Oxon,UK,New York CABI Publishing:2002.
[23] Gabermma.The effect of different levels of krill meal supplementation of soybean-based diets on feed intake,digestibility,and chemical composition of juvenile Niletil Apla Orechrom is niloticus,L[J].World Aquaculture Society,2005,36(3):346~353.
[24] Hansen J,Penn M,Verland M,et al.High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2010(310):164~172.
[25] Ibrahim A,Shimizu C,Konom.Pigmentation of cultured red sea bream,Chrysophrys major,using astaxanthin from ANTARCTIC KRILL,Euphausia superba and amysid Neomysissp[J].Aquaculture,1984,38(1):45~57.
[26] Kurashige M.Inhibition of oxidative injury of biological membranes by astaxanthin[J].Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR,1990,22(1):22~27.
[27] Li M,Wu W,Zhou PP,et al.Comparison effect of dietary astaxanthin and Haematococcus pluvialis on rowth performance,antioxidant status and immune response of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:227~232.
[28] Martnez-lvarezr M Molales A E,Sanz A,et al.Antioxidant Defenses in Fish:Biotic and Abiotic Factors[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2005,15(1~2):75~88.
[29] Moren M,Maled M K,Olsen R E,et al.Fluorine accumulation in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar),Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua),rainbow trout(Onchorhyncus mykiss)and Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)fed diets with krill or amphipod meals and fish meal based diets with sodium fluoride(NaF)inclusion[J].Aquaculture,2007,269(1~4):525~531.
[30] NRC.National research council.Nutrient requirements of fish[M].Washionton D C,USA:National Academy Press,1993.144.
[31] Olsen R E,Suontama J,Langmyhr E,et al.The replacement of fish meal with Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba in diets for Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar[J].Aquacult.Nut.2006(12):280~290.
[32] Suontama J,Karlsen,Moren M,et al.Growth,feed conversion and chemical composition of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)and Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)fed diets supplemented with krill or amphipods[J].Aquaculture Nutrition.2007,13(4):241~255.
[33] Shimizu C,Ibrahim A,Tokoro T,et al.Feeding stimulation in seabream,Pagrus major fed diets supplemented with ntarctic krill meals[J]. Aquaculture,1990,89(1):43~53.
[34] Update Krill Industry Overview(v.April 2013)[EB/OL].http://www.tharos.biz/update krill industry overview vapril 2013.
[35] Yoshitomi B,Aoki M,Oshima S,et al.Evaluation of krill(Eupausia superba)meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)diets[J]. Aquaculture,2006(261):440~446.
[36] Zhang C X,Mai K S,Ai Q H,et al.Dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile Japanese seabas,Lateolabrax japonicas[J].Aquaculture,2006,255(1):201~209.