肉用绵羊常用精饲料的瘤胃降解特性与瘤胃非降解蛋白质体外小肠消化率的相关分析
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摘要
本研究探讨了10种肉用绵羊常用精饲料的瘤胃降解特性与瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUDP)体外小肠消化率的相关关系,旨在为估测肉用绵羊可代谢蛋白质(MP)提供依据。选用14月龄、平均体重为(49.27±3.12)kg的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜寒杂交肉用绵羊羯羊6只,采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定10种肉用绵羊常用精饲料中的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和粗蛋白质(CP)的瘤胃降解率以及RUDP体外小肠消化率,并对RUDP体外小肠消化率与精饲料养分含量及其瘤胃有效降解率进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同精饲料的瘤胃有效降解率不同,DM、OM和CP有效降解率受精饲料中DM、OM、CP、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量的影响,DM、OM和CP有效降解率之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);高粱、玉米、大麦、小麦、燕麦、菜籽粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、豆粕、玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(c DDGS)的RUDP体外小肠消化率分别是84.69%、86.23%、84.23%、84.10%、80.10%、89.25%、92.86%、92.31%、89.26%、87.31%,均在80%以上,且均高于瘤胃降解率。精饲料养分含量与RUDP体外小肠消化率(Y)的回归方程如下:Y=363.345+0.324CP+0.441NDF+0.061OM+0.215ADF-3.301DM[决定系数(R2)=0.896];RUDP体外小肠消化率(Y)与DM有效降解率(X1)、CP有效降解率(X2)及OM有效降解率(X3)的回归方程如下:Y=104.962+0.131X1+0.937X2-1.503X3(R2=0.814)。综上所述,基于10种肉用绵羊常用精饲料RUDP体外小肠消化率与养分含量或养分瘤胃有效降解率的强相关关系,可以通过饲料原料的养分含量或者养分有效降解率有效估测RUDP体外小肠消化率。
The correlation of ruminal degradation characteristics and in vitro small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein of 10 kinds of common concentrates for mutton sheep was analyzed in this study with an aim of providing references for estimating the metabolizable protein( MP) in mutton sheep. Six 14-month-old Dorper ×thin-tailed Han crossbred wethers with an average body weight of( 49.27 ± 3.12) kg fitted with permanent ruminal fistulas were used. Ruminal degradation rates of dry matter( DM),organic matter( OM) and crude protein( CP) and in vitro small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein( RUDP) of 10 kinds of concentrates were determined using nylon bag technique and the improved three-step in vitro procedure,and the correlations of in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP,nutrient contents and ruminal effective degradability of concentrates were analyzed. The results showed as follows: ruminal effective degradability differed among concentrates. The effective degradability of DM,OM,and CP were affected by the contents of DM,OM,CP and neutral detergent fiber( NDF) in concentrate. There was significant positive correlations among DM,OM,and CP effective degradability( P < 0. 01). The in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP of sorghum,corn,barley,wheat,oat,rapeseed meal,peanut meal,cottonseed meal,soybean meal,corn distiller's dried grains with solubles( c DDGS) was 84.69%,86. 23%,84. 23%,84. 10%,80. 10%,89.25%,92. 86%,92. 31%,89. 26% and 87.31%,respectively,and all of them were above 80% and higher than ruminal degradability. The correlation between nutrient contents of concentrates and RUDP small intestinal digestibility( Y) was as follow: Y = 363.345 +0.324 CP + 0.441 NDF+ 0.061 OM+ 0.215 ADF-3.301 DM( R2= 0.896). The correlation between RUDP small intestinal digestibility( Y) and DM effective degradability( X1),CP effective degradability( X2) and OM effective degradability( X3) was as follow: Y = 104.962+0.131 X1+ 0.937 X2-1.503 X3( R2= 0.814). In conclusion,based on that nutrient contents and ruminal nutrient effective degradability of 10 kinds of concentrates strongly correlated with in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP,it is feasible to use nutrient contents or ruminal nutrient effective degradability to estimate in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP.
The correlation of ruminal degradation characteristics and in vitro small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein of 10 kinds of common concentrates for mutton sheep was analyzed in this study with an aim of providing references for estimating the metabolizable protein( MP) in mutton sheep. Six 14-month-old Dorper ×thin-tailed Han crossbred wethers with an average body weight of( 49.27 ± 3.12) kg fitted with permanent ruminal fistulas were used. Ruminal degradation rates of dry matter( DM),organic matter( OM) and crude protein( CP) and in vitro small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein( RUDP) of 10 kinds of concentrates were determined using nylon bag technique and the improved three-step in vitro procedure,and the correlations of in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP,nutrient contents and ruminal effective degradability of concentrates were analyzed. The results showed as follows: ruminal effective degradability differed among concentrates. The effective degradability of DM,OM,and CP were affected by the contents of DM,OM,CP and neutral detergent fiber( NDF) in concentrate. There was significant positive correlations among DM,OM,and CP effective degradability( P < 0. 01). The in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP of sorghum,corn,barley,wheat,oat,rapeseed meal,peanut meal,cottonseed meal,soybean meal,corn distiller's dried grains with solubles( c DDGS) was 84.69%,86. 23%,84. 23%,84. 10%,80. 10%,89.25%,92. 86%,92. 31%,89. 26% and 87.31%,respectively,and all of them were above 80% and higher than ruminal degradability. The correlation between nutrient contents of concentrates and RUDP small intestinal digestibility( Y) was as follow: Y = 363.345 +0.324 CP + 0.441 NDF+ 0.061 OM+ 0.215 ADF-3.301 DM( R2= 0.896). The correlation between RUDP small intestinal digestibility( Y) and DM effective degradability( X1),CP effective degradability( X2) and OM effective degradability( X3) was as follow: Y = 104.962+0.131 X1+ 0.937 X2-1.503 X3( R2= 0.814). In conclusion,based on that nutrient contents and ruminal nutrient effective degradability of 10 kinds of concentrates strongly correlated with in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP,it is feasible to use nutrient contents or ruminal nutrient effective degradability to estimate in vitro small intestinal digestibility of RUDP.
引文
[1]VAN DER POEL A F B,PRESTLKKEN E,GOELEMA J O.Feed processing:effects on nutrient degradation and digestibility[C]//DIJKSTRA J,FORBES J M,FRANCE J.Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism.2nd ed.New York:CABI Publishing,2005:627-661.
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[3]陈艳.肉牛常用饲料营养价值评定[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[4]GARGALLO S,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Technical note:a modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(8):2163-2167.
[5]王燕,辛杭书,杨方,等.不同方法测定瘤胃非降解蛋白质小肠消化率及相关性分析[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(7):1264-1273.
[6]朱亚骏,于子洋,袁翠林,等.山东省羊主要精饲料瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率的研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(17):1-6.
[7]HVELPLUND T.Amino acid content of feed and microbial protein and their intestinal digestibility[M]//JARRIGE R,ALDERMAN G.Feed evaluation and protein requirement systems for ruminants.Brussels:European Communities,1987:159-169.
[8]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[9]REKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[10]冯仰廉,莫放.反刍动物蛋白质营养新体系[M]//动物营养研究进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994.
[11]生广旭,李杰.粉碎粒度对豆粕在绵羊瘤胃内降解和消化的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(4):598-602.
[12]魏全意,莫放,李胜利,等.日粮中精料比例对稻谷和甘薯淀粉的瘤胃降解率影响[J].饲料研究,1999(5):1-2.
[13]张俊瑜,王加启,王晶,等.裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(3):136-143.
[14]张力莉,徐晓锋.体外产气法研究棉酚对瘤胃发酵与微生物蛋白产量的影响[J].中国饲料,2014(21):20-22.
[15]刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.
[16]赵洪涛.蛋白饲料瘤胃降解特性及微量元素和维生素对绵羊增重影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2004.
[17]刁其玉.饲料营养成分在瘤胃和小肠降解规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2000.
[18]李瑞丽,刘建新.不同淀粉源饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究初探[J].饲料工业,2006,27(15):22-24.
[19]张力莉,徐晓锋,金曙光.豆粕蛋白质和玉米蛋白粉蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(7):97-98.
[20]GAO W,CHEN A D,ZHANG B W,et al.Rumen degradability and post-ruminal digestion of dry matter,nitrogen and amino acids of three protein supplements[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(4):485-493.
[21]OH Y K,PARK Y J,BAEK Y C,et al.In situ ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of crude protein and amino acids of three major proteinaceous feeds for Hanwoo steers[J].Research Opinions in Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2015,5(10):395-400.
[22]刘海霞,刘大森,隋美霞,等.羊常用粗饲料干物质和粗蛋白的瘤胃降解特性研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(21):37-42.
[23]GONZLEZ J,ANDRS S,RORDGUEZ C A,et al.In situ evaluation of the protein value of soybean meal and processed full fat soybeans for ruminants[J].Animal Research,2002,51(6):455-464.
[24]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2001.
[25]ALDERMAN G,COTTRILL B R.Energy and protein requirements of ruminants.An advisory manual prepared by the AFRC technical committee on responses to nutrients[M].Wallingford:CAB International,1993.
[26]JARRIGE R.Ruminant nutrition:recommended allowances and feed tables[M].London:John Libbey,1989.
[27]周荣,王加启,张养东,等.移动尼龙袋法对常用饲料蛋白质小肠消化率的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(1):81-85.
[28]岳群,杨红建,谢春元,等.应用移动尼龙袋法和三步法评定反刍家畜常用饲料的蛋白质小肠消化率[J].中国农业大学学报,2007,12(6):62-66.
[29]ERASMUS L J,BOTHA P M,CRUYWAGEN C W,et al.Amino acid profile and intestinal digestibility in dairy cows of rumen-undegradable protein from various feedstuffs[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(2):541-551.
[30]赵天章,李慧英,闫素梅.奶牛主要植物性蛋白质饲料蛋白质和纤维物质瘤胃降解率的研究[J].中国饲料,2010,32(9/10):161-164.
[31]袁翠林,王利华,于子洋,等.山东省羊常用粗饲料的粗蛋白瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(9):37-41.
[32]WOODS V B,MOLONEY A P,CALSAMIGLIA S,et al.The nutritive value of concentrate feedstuffs for ruminant animals:partⅢ.Small intestinal digestibility as measured by in vitro or mobile bag techniques[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2003,110(1/2/3/4):145-157.
[33]Primary Industries Standing Committee.Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants[S].London:CSIRO Publishing,2007.
[34]祁茹,林英庭.日粮物理有效中性洗涤纤维对奶牛营养调控的研究进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2010(5):52-55.
[35]汪水平,王文娟,左福元,等.常用饲料原料干物质及蛋白质在大足黑山羊瘤胃内降解规律的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(21):47-52.
[2]赵连生,牛俊丽,徐元君,等.6种饲料原料瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2038-2046.
[3]陈艳.肉牛常用饲料营养价值评定[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[4]GARGALLO S,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Technical note:a modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(8):2163-2167.
[5]王燕,辛杭书,杨方,等.不同方法测定瘤胃非降解蛋白质小肠消化率及相关性分析[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(7):1264-1273.
[6]朱亚骏,于子洋,袁翠林,等.山东省羊主要精饲料瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率的研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(17):1-6.
[7]HVELPLUND T.Amino acid content of feed and microbial protein and their intestinal digestibility[M]//JARRIGE R,ALDERMAN G.Feed evaluation and protein requirement systems for ruminants.Brussels:European Communities,1987:159-169.
[8]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[9]REKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[10]冯仰廉,莫放.反刍动物蛋白质营养新体系[M]//动物营养研究进展.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1994.
[11]生广旭,李杰.粉碎粒度对豆粕在绵羊瘤胃内降解和消化的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(4):598-602.
[12]魏全意,莫放,李胜利,等.日粮中精料比例对稻谷和甘薯淀粉的瘤胃降解率影响[J].饲料研究,1999(5):1-2.
[13]张俊瑜,王加启,王晶,等.裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(3):136-143.
[14]张力莉,徐晓锋.体外产气法研究棉酚对瘤胃发酵与微生物蛋白产量的影响[J].中国饲料,2014(21):20-22.
[15]刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.
[16]赵洪涛.蛋白饲料瘤胃降解特性及微量元素和维生素对绵羊增重影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2004.
[17]刁其玉.饲料营养成分在瘤胃和小肠降解规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2000.
[18]李瑞丽,刘建新.不同淀粉源饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究初探[J].饲料工业,2006,27(15):22-24.
[19]张力莉,徐晓锋,金曙光.豆粕蛋白质和玉米蛋白粉蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(7):97-98.
[20]GAO W,CHEN A D,ZHANG B W,et al.Rumen degradability and post-ruminal digestion of dry matter,nitrogen and amino acids of three protein supplements[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(4):485-493.
[21]OH Y K,PARK Y J,BAEK Y C,et al.In situ ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of crude protein and amino acids of three major proteinaceous feeds for Hanwoo steers[J].Research Opinions in Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2015,5(10):395-400.
[22]刘海霞,刘大森,隋美霞,等.羊常用粗饲料干物质和粗蛋白的瘤胃降解特性研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(21):37-42.
[23]GONZLEZ J,ANDRS S,RORDGUEZ C A,et al.In situ evaluation of the protein value of soybean meal and processed full fat soybeans for ruminants[J].Animal Research,2002,51(6):455-464.
[24]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2001.
[25]ALDERMAN G,COTTRILL B R.Energy and protein requirements of ruminants.An advisory manual prepared by the AFRC technical committee on responses to nutrients[M].Wallingford:CAB International,1993.
[26]JARRIGE R.Ruminant nutrition:recommended allowances and feed tables[M].London:John Libbey,1989.
[27]周荣,王加启,张养东,等.移动尼龙袋法对常用饲料蛋白质小肠消化率的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(1):81-85.
[28]岳群,杨红建,谢春元,等.应用移动尼龙袋法和三步法评定反刍家畜常用饲料的蛋白质小肠消化率[J].中国农业大学学报,2007,12(6):62-66.
[29]ERASMUS L J,BOTHA P M,CRUYWAGEN C W,et al.Amino acid profile and intestinal digestibility in dairy cows of rumen-undegradable protein from various feedstuffs[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(2):541-551.
[30]赵天章,李慧英,闫素梅.奶牛主要植物性蛋白质饲料蛋白质和纤维物质瘤胃降解率的研究[J].中国饲料,2010,32(9/10):161-164.
[31]袁翠林,王利华,于子洋,等.山东省羊常用粗饲料的粗蛋白瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(9):37-41.
[32]WOODS V B,MOLONEY A P,CALSAMIGLIA S,et al.The nutritive value of concentrate feedstuffs for ruminant animals:partⅢ.Small intestinal digestibility as measured by in vitro or mobile bag techniques[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2003,110(1/2/3/4):145-157.
[33]Primary Industries Standing Committee.Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants[S].London:CSIRO Publishing,2007.
[34]祁茹,林英庭.日粮物理有效中性洗涤纤维对奶牛营养调控的研究进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2010(5):52-55.
[35]汪水平,王文娟,左福元,等.常用饲料原料干物质及蛋白质在大足黑山羊瘤胃内降解规律的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(21):47-52.