台风作用下风力机塔架振动响应研究
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摘要
采用不稳定风剖面模拟台风的平均风剖面,采用Hjstrup Jrgen提出的台风脉动风谱,基于Shinozuka理论模拟某沿海风电场的脉动风速,采用Shiotani简化表达式,以相关系数矩阵表示脉动风竖向相关性,将模拟所得的台风风速时程与基于Davenport谱模拟的良态风时程进行对比。根据叶素理论,计算在风力机顺桨和顺桨后风向突然偏转90°、偏转180°等工况下的风力机风荷载。对良态风和台风作用下的风力机进行动力时程分析,得到风力机上各点的位移和加速度响应,并对塔架最不利应力分布进行分析。在良态风况中风力机顺桨对减少风力机荷载效果显著,但在台风环境下存在台风风向突然偏转的可能,会造成顺桨叶片上的风荷载显著增大,是更为不利的工况。算例计算表明当台风风向突然偏转90°时,塔架16.8m高处发生屈服破坏。
Firstly,the unstable wind profile was employed to simulate average wind profile of typhoon; the fluctuating wind spectrum of typhoon proposed by Hφjstrup Jφrgen was employed,and based on the theory of Shinozuka to simulate wind velocity of a wind farm in certain coastal region; simplified expression proposed by Shiotani was used to calculate the matrix of correlation coefficient and describe the correlation between different spatial points along vertical direction of the tower. The typhoon wind velocity which was achieved by simulation was compared with normal wind from Davenport spectrum simulation. The wind turbine load was calculated under the condition of feathering wind turbine and sudden wind deflection of 90 degrees or 180 degrees after feathering propeller according to blade element theory. Dynamic analysis of wind turbine under normal wind and typhoon was made. Displacement and acceleration response of different spatial points on the wind turbine was obtained. The most unfavorable stress distribution of the tower was analyzed. Feathering wind turbine has a significant effect to reduce load on wind turbine in normal wind condition,but the direction of typhoon is possible to change suddenly and this will lead to a significantly increasing of wind load on feathering propeller which is a more unfavorable load case. The calculation showed that yield failure was taken place on 16. 8m height of the tower when typhoon's direction has a sudden deflection of 90 degrees.
Firstly,the unstable wind profile was employed to simulate average wind profile of typhoon; the fluctuating wind spectrum of typhoon proposed by Hφjstrup Jφrgen was employed,and based on the theory of Shinozuka to simulate wind velocity of a wind farm in certain coastal region; simplified expression proposed by Shiotani was used to calculate the matrix of correlation coefficient and describe the correlation between different spatial points along vertical direction of the tower. The typhoon wind velocity which was achieved by simulation was compared with normal wind from Davenport spectrum simulation. The wind turbine load was calculated under the condition of feathering wind turbine and sudden wind deflection of 90 degrees or 180 degrees after feathering propeller according to blade element theory. Dynamic analysis of wind turbine under normal wind and typhoon was made. Displacement and acceleration response of different spatial points on the wind turbine was obtained. The most unfavorable stress distribution of the tower was analyzed. Feathering wind turbine has a significant effect to reduce load on wind turbine in normal wind condition,but the direction of typhoon is possible to change suddenly and this will lead to a significantly increasing of wind load on feathering propeller which is a more unfavorable load case. The calculation showed that yield failure was taken place on 16. 8m height of the tower when typhoon's direction has a sudden deflection of 90 degrees.
引文
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[2]宋丽莉,毛慧琴,钱光明,等.热带气旋对风力发电的影响分析[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(9):961—965.Song Lili,Mao Huiqin,Qian Guangming,et al.Analysis on the wind power by tropical cyclone[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2006,27(9):961—965.
[3]Takeshi Ishihara,Van Phuc Pham,Fujino Yozo,et al.A field test and full dynamic simulation on a stall regulated wind turbine[A].The Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering(APCWE-VI)[C],Seoul,Korea,2005,599—612.
[4]金鑫,何玉林,刘桦.基于Pitt-peters理论的风力发电机振动分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(7):28—33.Jin Xin,He Yulin,Liu Hua.Vibration analysis of wind turbine based on Pitt-peters theory[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(7):28—33.
[5]许移庆,冀东.风力发电机组塔架仿真和分析[J].能源研究与信息,2006,7(2):4—5.Xu Yiqing,Ji Dong.Simulation and analysis of tower design for the wind turbine generator system[J].Energy Research and Information,2006,7(2):4—5.
[6]汤炜梁,袁奇,韩中合.风力机塔筒抗台风设计[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(4):422—427.Tang Weiliang,Yuan Qi,Han Zhonghe,Withstanding typhoon design of wind turbine tower[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2008,29(4):422—427.
[7]Chou Jui-Sheng,Tu Wan-Ting.Failure analysis and risk management of a collapsed large wind turbine tower[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2011,18(1):295—313.
[8]章子华,刘国华,王振宇,等.抗强风的索塔型风机可行性研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(增刊II):179—185.Zhang Zihua,Liu Guohua,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Feasibility study of anti-strong-wind cable-tower structure[J].Journal of Southeast University(Nature Science Edition),2009,39(zII):179—185.
[9]AS/NZS 1170.2:1989.Australian/New Zealand Standard,Structural design actions,Part 2:Wind actions[S].
[10]庞加斌.沿海和山区强风特性的观测分析与风洞模拟研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.Pang Jiabin.Field investigation and wind tunnel simulation of strong wind characteristics in coastal and mountainous regions[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.
[11]徐家良,穆海振.台风影响下上海近海风场特性的数值模拟分析[J].热带气象学报,2009,25(3):281—286.Xu Jialiang,Mu Haizhen.Numerical simulation and analysis of offshore wind field features in shanghai under the influence of typhoon[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2009,25(3):281—286.
[12]Chen J,Xu Y L.On modeling of typhoon-induced nonstationary wind speed for tall buildings[J].The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2004,13(2):145—163.
[13]Chen J,Xu Y L.Characterizing non-stationary wind speed using empirical mode decomposition[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2004,130(6):912—920.
[14]Stull R D.An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M].Atmospheric Sciences Library,Kluwer Academic Publishers,The Netherlands,1988,666.
[15]石沅,陆威,钟严.上海地区台风结构特征研究[A].第二届全国结构风效应学术会议论文集[C],上海,1988,106-1—106-12.Shi Yuan,Lu Wei,Zhong Yan.The study of typhoon characteristics in the Shanghai region[A].The second National Conference on Wind Effect[C],Shanghai,1988,106-1—106-12.
[16]田浦,冯琳,叶倩.台风风谱的研究[A].第二届全国结构风效应学术会议论文集[C],上海,1988,102-1—102-9.Tian Pu,Feng Lin,Ye Qian.The study of typhoon wind spectrum[A].The second National Conference on Wind Effect[C],Shanghai,1988,102-1102-9.
[17]Hjstrup Jrgen.Velocity spectra in the unstable planetary boundary layer[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1982,39(10):2239—2248.
[18]Sharma R N,Richards P J.A re-examination of the characteristics of tropicalcyclone winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,1999,83(1-3):21—33.
[19]Shinozuka M.Simulation of multivariate and multidimensional random process[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1971,49(1):357—367.
[20]Shiotani M,Avai H.Lateral structures of gusts in high winds[A].Proceedings of the International Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures[C],Ottawa,1967,535—555.
[21]张义华.水平轴风力机空气动力学数值模拟[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.Zhang Yihua.Aerodynamic numerical simulation of horizontal axis wind turbine[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2007.
[22]章子华,王振宇,刘国华.风电场脉动风模拟及风机塔架动力响应研究[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(7):992—998.Zhang Zihua,Wang Zhenyu,Liu Guohua.Simulation of fluctuating wind in wind farm and dynamic response of wind turbine tower[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(7):992—998.
[23]张彪.强风作用下大功率风力机的振动响应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.Zhang Biao.Dynamic response of high power wind turbine under strong wind[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2011.
[24]Savory Eric,Parke Gerard A R,Zeinoddini Mostafa,et al.Modelling of tornado and microburst-induced wind loading and failure of a lattice transmission tower[J].Engineering Structures,2001,23(4):365—375.
[25]Shehata A Y,El Damatty A A,Savory E.Finite element modeling of transmission line under downburst wind loading[J].Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2005,42(1):71—89.