中国本科高校转型如何走向制度化——基于组织分析的新制度主义视角
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摘要
20世纪90年代末高校大规模扩招以来,伴随着地方高校的"升格"、大学合并运动以及独立学院、民办高等教育的兴起与发展,高等教育规模急剧扩张,高等教育质量问题日益凸显。劳动力市场与产业结构的转型乃至国家治理现代化等都对高等教育结构重组提出了新的要求与挑战,本科高校转型议题开始进入公共政策议程。当务之急,需要促进本科高校转型从国家供给主导型的制度安排走向制度性利益驱动下的高校自主变革,推动应用技术型高等教育制度的合法性建构。中国本科高校转型制度化的实现,归根到底需要通过规范性、规制性以及文化-认知性制度要素的整体性重构,以破除高等教育场域中各权力中心对"应用逻辑"的"系统性偏见",实现社会制度逻辑与产业逻辑两种制度逻辑的包容性发展。
Along with the "upgrade" of local colleges, mergers among universities and development of independent colleges and non-governmental higher education, the scale of higher education has gone through a sharp expansion, however, the quality of education continues to decline since the late 1990 s. The transformation in labor market and industrial structure and the modernization of national governance both demand the reconstruction of higher education. The transformation of undergraduate colleges has been on the agenda of public policy. But the local undergraduate colleges especially the newly build local undergraduate colleges always take the attitude of opportunism, indifference and even resistance when they're informed to transform into application technology colleges. The organizational analysis from new institutionalism perspective can promote the institutional arrangements called "government supply-oriented" evolving into independent reform driven by institutional interests in the transformation of undergraduate colleges, and also can construct the legitimacy of application technology higher educational system. Realization of institutionalization in the transformation of undergraduate colleges is based on the reconstruction of normative, regulative and culture-cognitive institutional elements. Besides, we also need to break down the "systematic bias" of "application logic" which came from the power centers of the higher education field and then realize the inclusive development of social institutional logic and industrial logic.
Along with the "upgrade" of local colleges, mergers among universities and development of independent colleges and non-governmental higher education, the scale of higher education has gone through a sharp expansion, however, the quality of education continues to decline since the late 1990 s. The transformation in labor market and industrial structure and the modernization of national governance both demand the reconstruction of higher education. The transformation of undergraduate colleges has been on the agenda of public policy. But the local undergraduate colleges especially the newly build local undergraduate colleges always take the attitude of opportunism, indifference and even resistance when they're informed to transform into application technology colleges. The organizational analysis from new institutionalism perspective can promote the institutional arrangements called "government supply-oriented" evolving into independent reform driven by institutional interests in the transformation of undergraduate colleges, and also can construct the legitimacy of application technology higher educational system. Realization of institutionalization in the transformation of undergraduate colleges is based on the reconstruction of normative, regulative and culture-cognitive institutional elements. Besides, we also need to break down the "systematic bias" of "application logic" which came from the power centers of the higher education field and then realize the inclusive development of social institutional logic and industrial logic.
引文
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[2]陈珩.本科转型与体系建构[J].职业技术教育,2014,(9).
[3][6][39]姚荣.行政管控与自主变革:我国本科高校转型的制度逻辑[J].中国高教研究,2014,(11).
[4]王浦劬,赖先进.中国公共政策扩散的模式与机制分析[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,(6).
[5]张韦韦,阙明坤.“转型”时代:高职扮演怎样角色?[J].教育与职业,2014,(19).
[9][美]W·理查德·斯科特,杰拉尔德·F·戴维斯.组织理论:理性、自然与开放系统的视角[M].高俊山译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011.293-294.
[10][24][31][36][美]沃尔特·W.鲍威尔,保罗·J.迪马吉奥.组织分析的新制度主义[M].姚伟译.上海:上海人民出版社,2008.270,366,366,115.
[11]伯顿·克拉克.高等教育系统——学术组织的跨国研究[M].王承续,等译.杭州:杭州大学出版社,1994.159.
[12][35][美]帕翠西亚·冈伯特.高等教育社会学[M].朱志勇,,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2013:297;290.
[13][14][15][16][37][美]帕特里夏·J.加姆波特.大学与知识城[J].李春萍译.北京大学教育评论,2004,(4).
[17]汪卫华.群众动员与动员式治理——理解中国国家治理风格的新视角[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,(5).
[18]Q.Wang.Crisis Management,Regime Survival and"Guerrilla-Style"Policy-Making:The June 1999 Decision to Radically Expand Higher Education in China[J].The China Journal,2014(71),132-152.
[19][英]玛丽·亨克尔,布瑞·达里特.国家、高等教育与市场[M].谷贤林,等,译.北京:教育科学出版社,2005.23.
[20][21][25][27][33][美]W·理查德·斯科特.制度与组织——思想观念与物质利益[M].姚伟,等译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010.129-135;197;106-107;184.
[22][23]王程韡,王路昊.脱耦中的合法性动员对南方某大学孵化器的扎根理论分析[J].社会,2013,(6).
[26][28][30]周光礼,黄容霞.教学改革如何制度化——“以学生为中心”的教育改革与创新人才培养特区在中国的兴起[J].高等工程教育研究,2013,(5).
[29][美]约翰·L.坎贝尔.制度变迁与全球化[M].姚伟译.上海:上海人民出版社,2010.177.
[32]李友梅,李路路,蔡禾等.组织管理与组织创新:组织社会学实证研究文选[M].上海人民出版社,2007.269.
[34]周光礼,吴越.从竞争到合作:C9联盟组织场域的建构[J].高等工程教育研究,2011,(4).
[38]周光礼,黄容霞,郝瑜.大学组织变革研究及其新进展[J].高等工程教育研究,2012,(4).
[40]王建华.高等教育的应用性[J].教育研究,2013,(4).