用粒子模拟方法研究SG-III装置的腔体SGEMP
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摘要
X射线照射金属腔体后,会在内部空间中发射出大量光电子,从而产生很强的系统电磁脉冲(SGEMP)。激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)装置内的X射线环境非常复杂,在靶室内工作的诊断设备即使有良好的电磁屏蔽,仍会面临严重的SGEMP干扰。以神光-III(SG-III)装置靶室内部的X射线环境为背景,采用时偏时域有限差分(FDTD)方法和粒子模拟(PIC)方法对二维圆柱腔体模型内部的SGEMP进行数值模拟。针对电磁场的振荡现象,在传统的粒子模拟算法基础上采用时偏方法进行滤波,去除了高频误差对计算的影响,结果更加准确。最后,得到的SG-III装置靶室内SGEMP干扰约为1.5 MV/m。
When the X-ray irradiates metal cavities, a large number of photoelectrons will be emitted into the internal space, resulting a strong System Generated Electromagnetic Pulse(SGEMP). The X-ray environment within laser Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF) facilities is very complicated, so diagnostics working in target chamber area will face severe SGEMP interference even with good electromagnetic shielding. In light of the X-ray environment inside target chamber of Shenguang-III(SG-III) laser facility, a numerical simulation of the EM field inside a two-dimensional cylindrical cavity model is completed with the time-biased Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) and Particle-In-Cell(PIC) methods. As for the oscillation of electromagnetic field, based on the classic PIC method, the time-biased arithmetic is utilized to filter the waveform. Therefore, the influence of high-frequency error on the calculation result is removed, and the simulation would be more accurate. Finally, the SGEMP interference in the SG-III laser facility is estimated to be about 1.5 MV/m.
When the X-ray irradiates metal cavities, a large number of photoelectrons will be emitted into the internal space, resulting a strong System Generated Electromagnetic Pulse(SGEMP). The X-ray environment within laser Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF) facilities is very complicated, so diagnostics working in target chamber area will face severe SGEMP interference even with good electromagnetic shielding. In light of the X-ray environment inside target chamber of Shenguang-III(SG-III) laser facility, a numerical simulation of the EM field inside a two-dimensional cylindrical cavity model is completed with the time-biased Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) and Particle-In-Cell(PIC) methods. As for the oscillation of electromagnetic field, based on the classic PIC method, the time-biased arithmetic is utilized to filter the waveform. Therefore, the influence of high-frequency error on the calculation result is removed, and the simulation would be more accurate. Finally, the SGEMP interference in the SG-III laser facility is estimated to be about 1.5 MV/m.
引文
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[14]周俊,祝大军,刘大刚,等.粒子模拟中的时偏FDTD算法[J].计算物理,2007,24(5):566-572.(ZHOU Jun,ZHU Dajun,LIU Dagang,et al.Time-biased FDTD method for particle-in-cell simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2007,24(5):566-572.)
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[2]刘焱.SGEMP模拟实验方法探讨[C]//第9届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集.北京:[s.n.],1998:246-248.(LIU Yan.Study on SGEMP-simulated experiment[C]//Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Nuclear Electronics&Nuclear Detection Technology.Beijing:[s.n.],1998:246-248.)
[3]WENAAS E P,ROGERS S,WOODS A J.Sensitivity of SGEMP response to input parameters[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1975,22(6):2362-2367.
[4]LOPEZ O,RICH W F.Dynamic internal electromagnetic pulse calculations in three spatial dimensions[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1973,20(6):14-19.
[5]WOODS A J,WENAAS E P.Pre-charging effects on the SGEMP response[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1978,25(6):1365-1369.
[6]周辉,郭红霞,李宝忠,等.金属壳体和电缆的系统电磁脉冲响应[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(5):645-648.(ZHOUHui,GUO Hongxia,LI Baozhong,et al.Response of metal shell and cables to system generate electromagnetic pulse effects[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2004,16(5):645-648.)
[7]周辉,李宝忠,王立君,等.不同注量X射线系统电磁脉冲响应的数值计算[J].计算物理,1999,16(2):157-161.(ZHOUHui,LI Baozhong,WANG Lijun,et al.The calculation of SGEMP response in various ranges of X-ray fluence[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,1999,16(2):157-161.)
[8]MAY M J,FOURNIER K B,COLVIN J D,et al.Bright X-ray stainless steel K-shell source development at the National Ignition Facility[J].Physics of Plasmas,2015,22(6).Doi:10.1063/1.4922751.
[9]BROWN C G,BOND E,CLANCY T,et al.Assessment and mitigation of electromagnetic pulse(EMP)impacts at short-pulse laser facilities[J].Journal of Physics Conference Series,2010,244(3):032001.
[10]余波,黄天晅,李三伟,等.神光III主机双束组激光间接驱动内爆实验研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2015,27(9):124-129.(YU Bo,HUANG Tianxuan,LI Sanwei,et al.Experimental study on laser indirect-drive implosion with double quads on SG-III facility[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2015,27(9):124-129.)
[11]WOODS A J,WENAAS E P.SGEMP geometry effects[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1975,22(6):2374-2380.
[12]葛德彪,闫玉波.电磁波时域有限差分方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:1-9,32-35.(GE Debiao,YANYubo.Finite-difference time-domain method for electromagnetic waves[M].Xi’an,China:Xidian University Press,2005:1-9,32-35.)
[13]周俊.电磁粒子模拟方法及其应用研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2009:18-23,48-50.(ZHOU Jun.Electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation method and its applications[D].Chengdu,China:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2009:18-23,48-50.)
[14]周俊,祝大军,刘大刚,等.粒子模拟中的时偏FDTD算法[J].计算物理,2007,24(5):566-572.(ZHOU Jun,ZHU Dajun,LIU Dagang,et al.Time-biased FDTD method for particle-in-cell simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2007,24(5):566-572.)
[15]李进玺,程引会,吴伟,等.圆柱腔体内系统电磁脉冲计算软件[C]//全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会.北京:中国核学会,2008:735-739.(LI Jinxi,CHENG Yinhui,WU Wei,et al.Software for calculating system generated electromagnetic pulse in cylindrical cavity[C]//Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on Nuclear Electronics&Nuclear Detection Technology.Beijing:Chinese Nuclear Society,2008:735-739.)