真空管道交通列车气动阻力数值分析
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摘要
高速铁路进一步提速会面临巨大能耗、气动噪声和横风失稳等问题,构建真空环境形成管道运输可以很好地解决以上运营问题。依据最小空间尺寸计算克努森数判断真空管道内流体流动状态,考虑三维非定常可压缩效应建立列车和真空管道耦合的真空空气动力学计算模型,分析列车运行速度、真空管道真空度、阻塞比和环境温度对列车气动阻力的影响。研究表明,列车运行气动阻力与运行速度成抛物线递增关系,与管道压力成线性递增关系,与阻塞比成线性递增关系,与环境温度成线性递增关系;列车运行速度越高,真空管道真空度越低,阻塞比越高,环境温度越高,列车运行气动阻力越大。研究成果为克努森数特征长度的取值、真空管道内流体流动状态的判断、真空空气动力学数值计算的开展和真空管道交通列车气动阻力的分析提供理论依据。
When high-speed railway further speeds up, it will face huge energy consumption, aerodynamic noise and horizontal wind instability problems. Vacuum tube traffic can well solve the above operation problems. Based on the minimum space size, Knudsen number can be calculated. Based on Knudsen number, fluid flow state can be determined in the vacuum pipe. Based on the three-dimensional, unsteady and compression effect, vacuum aerodynamic calculation model is established, include train, station and pipeline, to analysis the relationship among train running speed, vacuum degree, blockage ratio, environment temperature and train aerodynamic drag. Studies show that train aerodynamic drag is parabolic incremental relationship with speed, linear incremental relationship with vacuum degree, linear incremental relationship with blockage ratio and linear incremental relationship with environmental temperature. The higher the train speed, the lower the vacuum degree, the higher the blockage ratio, the higher the environmental temperature, the higher the train aerodynamic drag. The research results provide theoretical basis for the value of Knudsen number feature length, the judgment of fluid flow state in vacuum pipeline, the numerical calculation of vacuum aerodynamics and the analysis of aerodynamic drag of vacuum pipeline traffic train.
When high-speed railway further speeds up, it will face huge energy consumption, aerodynamic noise and horizontal wind instability problems. Vacuum tube traffic can well solve the above operation problems. Based on the minimum space size, Knudsen number can be calculated. Based on Knudsen number, fluid flow state can be determined in the vacuum pipe. Based on the three-dimensional, unsteady and compression effect, vacuum aerodynamic calculation model is established, include train, station and pipeline, to analysis the relationship among train running speed, vacuum degree, blockage ratio, environment temperature and train aerodynamic drag. Studies show that train aerodynamic drag is parabolic incremental relationship with speed, linear incremental relationship with vacuum degree, linear incremental relationship with blockage ratio and linear incremental relationship with environmental temperature. The higher the train speed, the lower the vacuum degree, the higher the blockage ratio, the higher the environmental temperature, the higher the train aerodynamic drag. The research results provide theoretical basis for the value of Knudsen number feature length, the judgment of fluid flow state in vacuum pipeline, the numerical calculation of vacuum aerodynamics and the analysis of aerodynamic drag of vacuum pipeline traffic train.
引文
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[19]刘加利,张继业,张卫华.真空管道高速列车气动特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(22):137-143.LIU Jiali,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in the evacuated tube[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(22):137-143.
[20]刘加利,张继业,张卫华.真空管道高速列车气动阻力及系统参数设计[J].真空科学与技术学报,2014,34(1):10-15.LIU Jiali,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Impacts of pressure,blockage-ratio and speed on aerodynamic drag-force of high-speed trains[J].Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2014,34(1):10-15.
[21]TSIEN H S.Superaerodynamics,mechanics of rarefield gases[J].Journal of Aerodynamic Science,1964,13(12):653-664.
[22]计光华,计洪苗.微流动及其元器件[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.JI Guanghua,JI Hongmiao.Microfluidic theory and elements[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Publishing House,2009.
[2]马静,张杰,杨志刚.橫风下高速列车非定常空气动力特性研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(6):109-114.MA Jing,ZHANG Jie,YANG Zhigang.Study on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train under cross wind[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2008,30(6):109-114.
[3]杨志刚,马静,陈羽,等.橫风下不同行驶工况下高速列车非定常空气动力特性[J].铁道学报,2010,32(2):18-23.YANG Zhigang,MA Jing,CHEN Yu,et al.The unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train in different operating conditions under cross wind[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2010,32(2):18-23.
[4]刘加利,于梦阁,张继业,等.基于大涡模拟的高速列车橫风运行安全性研究[J].铁道学报,2011,33(4):13-21.LIU Jiali,YU Mengge,ZHANG Jiye,et al.Study on running safety of high-speed train under crosswind by large eddy simulation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(4):13-21.
[5]于梦阁,张继业,张卫华.随机风作用下高速列车的非定常气动载荷[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(20):113-120.YU Mengge,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Unsteady aerodynamic loads of high-speed trains under stochastic winds[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(20):113-120.
[6]刘加利,张继业,张卫华.基于大涡模拟的橫风下高速列车非定常气动载荷特性[J].铁道学报,2013,35(6):13-21.LIU Jiali,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Study on characteristics of unsteady aerodynamic loads of a high-speed train under crosswinds by large eddy simulation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(6):13-21.
[7]郗艳红,毛军,高亮,等.基于分离涡方法的高速列车橫风非定常气动特性[J].中南大学学报,2015,46(3):1129-1139.XI Yanhong,MAO Jun,GAO Liang,et al.Aerodynamic force/moment for high-speed train in crosswind field based on DES[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,46(3):1129-1139.
[8]苗秀娟,高广军.基于DES的车辆橫风气动性能模拟[J].中南大学学报,2012,43(7):2855-2860.MIAO Xiujuan,GAO Guangjun.Aerodynamic performance of train under cross-wind based on DES[J].Journal of Central South University,2012,43(7):2855-2860.
[9]MICHELE M,PIERRE R.Swiss metro:a revolution in the high-Speed passenger transport systems[C]//Swiss Transport Research Conference,Ascona,2001:1-16.
[10]MOSSI M,SYBILLA S.Swiss metro:Aerodynamic drag and wave effects in tunnels under partial vacuum[C]//ProcMaglev,Lausanne,2002:156-163.
[11]沈志云.关于我国发展真空管道高速交通的思考[J].西南交通大学学报,2005,40(2):133-137.SHEN Zhiyun.On developing high-Speed evacuated tube transportation in China[J].Journal of Southwest Jiao Tong University,2005,40(2):133-137.
[12]ZHANG Yaoping,YU Jianyue,SHEN Maoxing.Affecting factors and numerical value calculation relating to vacuumizing time in evacuated tube transportation[C]//The 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology,2011:246-249.
[13]OSTER D,KUMADA M,ZHANG Yaoping.Evacuated tube transport technologies(ET3)tm:A maximum value global transportation network for passengers and cargo[J].Journal of Modern Transportation,2011,19(1):42-50.
[14]ZHANG Yaoping,OSTER D,KUMADA M,et al.Key vacuum technology issues to be solved in evacuated tube transportation[J].Journal of Modern Transportation,2011,19(2):110-113.
[15]ZHANG Yaoping.Numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic drag on a subsonic train in evacuated tube transportation[J].Journal of Modern Transportation,2012,20(1):44-48.
[16]周晓,张殿业,张耀平.真空管道中阻塞比对列车空气阻力影响的数值研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2008,26(6):535-538.ZHOU Xiao,ZHANG Dianye,ZHANG Yaoping.Numerical simulation of blockage rate and aerodynamic drag of high-Speed train in evacuated tube transportation[J].Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2008,26(6):535-538.
[17]贾文广,董晨光,周艳,等.基于阻塞比的真空管道交通系统热压耦合研究[J].工程热物理学报,2013,34(9):1745-1748.JIA Wenguang,DONG Chenguang,ZHOU Yan,et al.Study of thermal-pressure coupling effect in the evacuated tube transpotation system on blocking ratio[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2013,34(9):1745-1748.
[18]汤兆平,孙剑萍,吴灵波.真空管道运输系统的空气动力学分析及优化设计[J].机床与液压,2014,42(21):164-168.TANG Zhaoping,SUN Jianping,WU Lingbo.Aerodynamic analysis and optimization design of ETT[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2014,42(21):164-168.
[19]刘加利,张继业,张卫华.真空管道高速列车气动特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(22):137-143.LIU Jiali,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in the evacuated tube[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(22):137-143.
[20]刘加利,张继业,张卫华.真空管道高速列车气动阻力及系统参数设计[J].真空科学与技术学报,2014,34(1):10-15.LIU Jiali,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Impacts of pressure,blockage-ratio and speed on aerodynamic drag-force of high-speed trains[J].Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2014,34(1):10-15.
[21]TSIEN H S.Superaerodynamics,mechanics of rarefield gases[J].Journal of Aerodynamic Science,1964,13(12):653-664.
[22]计光华,计洪苗.微流动及其元器件[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.JI Guanghua,JI Hongmiao.Microfluidic theory and elements[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Publishing House,2009.