试论索尔·贝娄《塞姆勒先生的行星》中的中国形象
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摘要
《塞姆勒先生的行星》是美国犹太小说家索尔·贝娄的重要小说之一,小说中出现了中国形象,内容涉及中国人、中国体制以及中国历史和器物。本文借助比较文学形象学的理论,分析作品里的三种关于中国的形象,揭示这种关于中国集体想象背后的深层次原因。小说中的塞姆勒既受到过纳粹的种族迫害,后来又在帝国主义的美国获得立足之地,这种特殊的人生经历使其在谈到中国时心境复杂。在塞姆勒看来,中国既具有悠久的文明,又具有某种潜在的威胁。
Saul Bellow's Mr. Sammler's Planet traces Mr. Sammler's three days in New York City and his time travel between past and present to express the author's thoughts on such issues as humanity, history, religion, as well as mankind's past and future. Amidst this grand thinking appear images concerning the people, politics, history and cultural objects of China. From the perspective of imagology in comparative literature, this article analyzes three types of China-related images in Bellow's novel to reveal deeper reasons beneath such collective imagination about China. Once suffering from Nazi oppression and later living in imperial America, Sammler harbors mixed feelings about China, seeing China as a nation with long-standing culture but a potential threat to the contemporary world.
Saul Bellow's Mr. Sammler's Planet traces Mr. Sammler's three days in New York City and his time travel between past and present to express the author's thoughts on such issues as humanity, history, religion, as well as mankind's past and future. Amidst this grand thinking appear images concerning the people, politics, history and cultural objects of China. From the perspective of imagology in comparative literature, this article analyzes three types of China-related images in Bellow's novel to reveal deeper reasons beneath such collective imagination about China. Once suffering from Nazi oppression and later living in imperial America, Sammler harbors mixed feelings about China, seeing China as a nation with long-standing culture but a potential threat to the contemporary world.
引文
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Guyard,M.F.“Foreign Countries We See.”Trans.Yan Bao.Imagology of Comparative Literature.Ed.Meng Hua.Beijing:Peking UP,2001.64-68.[基亚:《人们所看到的外国》,颜保译,载孟华主编《比较文学形象学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2001年,第64-68页。]
Herdson,G.F.Europe and China.Trans.Wang Zunzhong,Li Shen and Zhang Yi.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1995.[G.F.赫德逊:《欧洲与中国》,王尊仲、李申、张毅译,北京:中华书局,1995年。]
Hofstede,Geert.Cultures and Organizations.London:Harper Collins Publishers,1994.Korpijarvi,Anna Leena.“From Fools to Villains:Changes in the Characterization of Ethnic Stereotype.”Assem-
bling Identities.Ed.Sam Wiseman.Newcastle upon Tyne:Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2014.116-30.
Mauro,Jean-Marc.“Imagology:History and Method.”Imagology of Comparative Literature.Ed.Meng Hua.Beijing:Peking UP,2001.17-40.[让·莫哈:《试论文学形象学的研究史及方法论》,载孟华主编《比较文学形象学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2001年,第17-40页。]
Meng,Hua.“Thesis Translation and Research in Imagology of Comparative Literature.”Imagology of Comparative Literature.Ed.Meng Hua.Beijing:Peking UP,2001.1-16.[孟华:《比较文学形象学论文翻译、研究札记》,载孟华主编《比较文学形象学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2001年,第1-16页。]
Pageaux,Daniel-Henri.“Image.”Imagology of Comparative Literature.Trans.and ed.Meng Hua.Beijing:Peking UP,2001.153-84.[巴柔:《形象》,孟华译,载孟华主编《比较文学形象学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2001年,第153-84页。]
---.“From Cultural Images to Collective Imaginations.”Imagology of Comparative Literature.Trans and ed.Meng Hua.Beijing:Peking UP,2001.118-52.[巴柔:《从文化形象到集体想象物》,孟华译,载孟华主编《比较文学形象学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2001年,第118-52页。]
Yang,Bo.“China as Cultural Other:Images of China in Western Literature of the Early 20th Century.”Capital Normal University Journal(Social Science Edition)2(2016):90-96.[杨波:《作为文化他者的中国-论20世纪初西方文学中的中国形象》,《首都师范大学学报》(社会科学版)2016年第2期,第90-96页。]
Zhang,Yongxiu.Notes of Famous Collectors.Nanchang:Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing Press,2007.[章用秀:《名家收藏手记》,南昌:江西美术出版社,2007年。]
Zhang,Zhibiao.Theories and Practices in Imagology of Comparative Literature,with Japanese Images in Chinese Literature as Examples.Beijing:Ethnic Publishing House,2007.[张志彪:《比较文学形象理论与实践:以中国文学中的日本形象为例》,北京:民族出版社,2007年。]
Zhou,Ning.Western Images of China.Beijing:Peking UP,2006.[周宁:《天朝遥远:西方的中国形象研究》,北京:北京大学出版社,2006年。]
---,ed.2000 Years:China in the Eyes of the West.Beijing:Unity Press,1998.[周宁:《2000年西方看中国》,北京:团结出版社,1998年。]