基于实际工程控制系统的直流受扰特性分析—电压快速波动下整流端特性及其优化
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摘要
为降低直流扰动引发的电压波动、提升风机并网安全,基于PSD-BPA电力系统机电暂态仿真软件中新近开发的面向实际工程的直流控制系统,分析了送端整流侧交流电压快速波动下直流系统主要电气量的动态响应特性;揭示了整流站动态无功盈余及其引发交流过电压威胁的机制;评估了交流电压扰动特征、直流控制器参数配置对响应特性的影响;提出了直流控制参数优化措施。对于新能源规模化并网特高压直流汇集送出系统,降低整流器最小触发角限制器动作幅度、增大定电流控制总增益以及减小低压限流启动门槛值,均可改善交直流电网受扰特性,降低风电脱网威胁。
In order to reduce the voltage fluctuation caused by HVDC disturbance,and enhance the safety of grid connected wind turbines,on the basis of the control system simulation model of HVDC aiming to the practical engineering which was newly developed in PSD-BPA power system electromechanical transient simulation software,we analyzed the dynamic response characteristics of the main electric quantity of the HVDC system under the AC voltage disturbance at the rectifier side.Then we evaluated the effects of different AC voltage disturbance characteristics and HVDC controller parameters on the response characteristics,revealed the mechanism of overvoltage threat because of the reactive surplus of rectifier station,and put forward the relevant optimization measures.For the multi-HVDC transmission system,it was verified that the disturbance characteristics can be improved and the security can be increased by decreasing the magnitude of RAML,increasing the gain coefficient of current controller,and decreasing the boot threshold of VDCOL.
In order to reduce the voltage fluctuation caused by HVDC disturbance,and enhance the safety of grid connected wind turbines,on the basis of the control system simulation model of HVDC aiming to the practical engineering which was newly developed in PSD-BPA power system electromechanical transient simulation software,we analyzed the dynamic response characteristics of the main electric quantity of the HVDC system under the AC voltage disturbance at the rectifier side.Then we evaluated the effects of different AC voltage disturbance characteristics and HVDC controller parameters on the response characteristics,revealed the mechanism of overvoltage threat because of the reactive surplus of rectifier station,and put forward the relevant optimization measures.For the multi-HVDC transmission system,it was verified that the disturbance characteristics can be improved and the security can be increased by decreasing the magnitude of RAML,increasing the gain coefficient of current controller,and decreasing the boot threshold of VDCOL.
引文
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[17]万磊,汤涌,吴文传,等.特高压直流控制系统机电暂态等效建模与参数实测方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):708-714.WAN Lei,TANG Yong,WU Wenchuan,et al.Equivalent modeling simulation and real parameter measurement methods of control systems of UHVDC transmission systems[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):708-714.
[18]郑超,周静敏,李惠玲,等.换相失败预测控制对电压稳定性影响及优化措施[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):179-183.ZHENG Chao,ZHOU Jingmin,LI Huiling,et al.Impact of commutation failure prediction control on voltage stability and its optimization measures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):179-183.
[19]浙江大学直流输电科研组.直流输电[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1982.Zhejiang University HVDC Group.HVDC[M].Beijing,China:Hydro and Power Press,1982.
[20]郭小江,马世英,申洪,等.大规模风电直流外送方案与系统稳定控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(15):107-115.GUO Xiaojiang,MA Shiying,SHEN Hong,et al.HVDC grid connection schemes and system stability control strategies for large-scale wind power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(15):107-115.
[2]刘振亚,张启平,董存,等.通过特高压直流实现大型能源基地风、光、火电力大规模高效安全外送研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2513-2522.LIU Zhenya,ZHANG Qiping,DONG Cun,et al.Efficient and security transmission of wind,photovoltaic and thermal power of large-scale energy resource bases through UHVDC projects[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2513-2522.
[3]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.直流参与稳定控制的典型场景及技术需求[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3750-3759.ZHENG Chao,TANG Yong,MA Shiying,et al.A survey on typical scenarios and technology needs for HVDC participated into stability control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3750-3759.
[4]李明节.大规模特高压交直流混联电网特性分析与运行控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):985-991.LI Mingjie.Characteristic analysis and operational control of large-scale hybrid UHV AC/DC power grids[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):985-991.
[5]蔡泽祥,李佳曼,余超耘,等.直流扰动对交流继电保护动态行为的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3246-3252.CAI Zexiang,LI Jiaman,YU Chaoyun,et al.Impact of DC disturbances on AC protective relaying dynamic behavior[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3246-3252.
[6]郝正航,肖忠云,张宏俊,等.风电场孤岛直流外送系统的稳定控制[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2193-2198.HAO Zhenghang,XIAO Zhongyun,ZHANG Hongjun,et al.Stability control of HVDC transmission system for islanded wind farm[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2193-2198.
[7]张新燕,孟瑞龙,梅生伟,等.含大规模风电送端系统对直流系统的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(3):730-738.ZHANG Xinyan,MENG Ruilong,MEI Shengwei,et al.Impact on HVDC systems by the sending AC system with large-scale wind farms[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(3):730-738.
[8]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.直流整流站动态无功特性解析及优化措施[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4886-4896.ZHENG Chao,TANG Yong,MA Shiying,et al.Study on the dynamic reactive power characteristic of HVDC rectifier stations and optimization measures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4886-4896.
[9]郑超.直流逆变站电压稳定测度指标及紧急控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):344-352.ZHENG Chao.Voltage stability index of HVDC inverter station and emergency control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):344-352.
[10]张健,屠竞哲,印永华,等.直流送受端故障对送端系统稳定性影响的对比分析及控制措施[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):999-1004.ZHANG Jian,TU Jingzhe,YIN Yonghua,et al.Comparison analysis and countermeasures on impact of HVDC sending-and-receiving-side contingencies on sending-side system stability[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):999-1004.
[11]屠竞哲,张健,王建明,等.大规模直流异步互联系统受端故障引发送端稳定破坏的机理分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(21):5492-5499.TU Jingzhe,ZHANG Jian,WANG Jianming,et al.Mechanism analysis on the sending-side instability caused by the receiving-side contingencies of large-scale HVDC asynchronous interconnected power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(21):5492-5499.
[12]黄震,郑超,庞晓艳,等.四川多回800 k V直流外送系统直流有功功率协调控制[J].电网技术,2011,35(5):52-58.HUANG Zhen,ZHENG Chao,PANG Xiaoyan,et al.Coordination control of DC active power for multi-circuit 800 k V DC power delivery system in Sichuan UHVAC/UHVDC hybrid power grid[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(5):52-58.
[13]陈树勇,逄博,陈得治,等.新疆电网多送出直流输电系统运行特性分析[J].中国电力,2015,35(21):102-107,122.CHEN Shuyong,PANG Bo,CHEN Dezhi,et al.Analysis on operating characteristics of the multi-send HVDC system in Xinjiang power grid[J].Electric Power,2015,35(21):102-107,122.
[14]李兆伟,翟海保,刘福锁,等.华东大受端电网直流接入能力评估[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):146-151.LI Zhaowei,ZHAI Haibao,LIU Fusuo,et al.DC access capability evaluation for east china power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):146-151.
[15]韩冰,姚建国,於益军,等.负荷主动响应应对特高压受端电网直流闭锁故障的探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):1-6.HANG Bing,YAO Jianguo,YU Yijun,et al.Discussion on active load response at receiving end power grid for mitigating UHVDC blocking fault[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):1-6.
[16]万磊,丁辉,刘文焯.基于实际工程的直流输电控制系统仿真模型[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):629-634.WAN Lei,DING Hui,LIU Wenzhuo.Simulation model of control system for HVDC power transmission based on actual project[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):629-634.
[17]万磊,汤涌,吴文传,等.特高压直流控制系统机电暂态等效建模与参数实测方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):708-714.WAN Lei,TANG Yong,WU Wenchuan,et al.Equivalent modeling simulation and real parameter measurement methods of control systems of UHVDC transmission systems[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):708-714.
[18]郑超,周静敏,李惠玲,等.换相失败预测控制对电压稳定性影响及优化措施[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):179-183.ZHENG Chao,ZHOU Jingmin,LI Huiling,et al.Impact of commutation failure prediction control on voltage stability and its optimization measures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):179-183.
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[20]郭小江,马世英,申洪,等.大规模风电直流外送方案与系统稳定控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(15):107-115.GUO Xiaojiang,MA Shiying,SHEN Hong,et al.HVDC grid connection schemes and system stability control strategies for large-scale wind power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(15):107-115.