紫金牛属(紫金牛科)植物花部特征显微观测及其分类学意义
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摘要
利用显微解剖方法对紫金牛属(Ardisia)14个类群的9个花部形态特征进行解剖学研究。结果表明,紫金牛属植物的花瓣基部腺状乳突、子房毛被、胚珠轮数可作为属下等级划分依据,而花瓣、萼片、子房斑点、胎座形状和胚珠数量可作为种间划分的重要依据。同一类群的胚珠轮数较稳定,而胚珠数量常有变化。补充和细化了花部结构的一些性状,特别是轮叶紫金牛。澄清了郎伞木与朱砂根、大罗伞树的关系。推测了一些花部性状的演化趋势。紫金牛属的花部特征在种间具有较大差异,可作为种间划分的依据,亦可以作为属下等级划分的重要参考,具有重要的分类学意义。
Flowers of plants of 14 Ardisia taxa were micro dissected to observe their 9 morphological characters.The observations indicated that petal base glandular papillose,ovary indumentum and ovule series can be used for Ardisia subordinate classification. Petal punctuate,sepal punctuate,anther punctuate,placenta shape and ovule quantity can be used for interspecific classification. The arrangement of ovule series was relatively stable,but the number of ovules often changed in the same taxa. Some characters of floral structure were supplemented and refined,especially for A. ordinata. The relationship between A. elegans and A. crenata,A. hanceana was clarified. Evolution trend of some floral characters was speculated. The floral characters of Ardisia are highly interspecifically different and can hence be used for the classification of interspecies and genus subordinate.
Flowers of plants of 14 Ardisia taxa were micro dissected to observe their 9 morphological characters.The observations indicated that petal base glandular papillose,ovary indumentum and ovule series can be used for Ardisia subordinate classification. Petal punctuate,sepal punctuate,anther punctuate,placenta shape and ovule quantity can be used for interspecific classification. The arrangement of ovule series was relatively stable,but the number of ovules often changed in the same taxa. Some characters of floral structure were supplemented and refined,especially for A. ordinata. The relationship between A. elegans and A. crenata,A. hanceana was clarified. Evolution trend of some floral characters was speculated. The floral characters of Ardisia are highly interspecifically different and can hence be used for the classification of interspecies and genus subordinate.
引文
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[2]Mez C.Myrsinaceae.In Engler,Das Pflanzenreich[M].Leipzig:Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann Press,1902.
[3]Walker E H.A revision of the eastern Asiatic Myrsinaceae[J].The Philippine Journal of Science,1940,73(1/2):1-258.
[4]陈介.中国植物志(五十八卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[5]Harris J G,Harris M W.图解植物学词典(Plant Identification Terminology an Illustrated Glossary)[M].王宇飞,赵良成,冯广平,等译.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]Yang Y P,Dwyer J D.Taxonomy of Subgenus Bladhia of Ardisia(Myrsinaceae)[J].Taiwania,1989,34(2):192-298.
[7]Stone B C.Studies in Malesian Myrsianceae,V.Additional new species of Ardisia Sw.[J].Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,1990,142:21-58.
[8]Chen C,Pipoly J J.Myrsinaceae[M]∥Wu Z Y,Raven P H.Flora of China(Vol.15).Beijing:Science Press,1996:1-38.
[9]Stone B C.New and noteworthy Malesian Myrsinaceae,III.On the Genus Ardisia Sw.in Borneo[J].Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,1989,141:263-306.
[10]Hu C M,Vidal J E.Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viétnam(vol.32)[M].Myrsinaceae.Paris:Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle,2004:1-228.
[11]汤昊.四川紫金牛属药用植物微形态与黄酮类活性组分的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009:1-90.
[12]Diggle P K.Architectural effects and the interpretation of patterns of fruit and seed development[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1995,26(1):531-552.
[13]Diggle P K.Ontogenic contingency and floral morphology the effects of architecture and resource limitation[J].International Journal of Plant Science,1997,158(6):99-107.
[14]樊宝丽,赵志刚,孟金柳,等.露蕊乌头花序内位置依赖的性分配[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2909-2915.
[15]邹四轩.紫萼花序内花粉和胚珠数目变化的机制:施肥系列的验证[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[16]Kliber A,Eckert C G.Sequential decline in allocation among flowers within inflorescences:proximate mechanisms and adaptive significance[J].Ecology,2004,85(6):1675-1687.
[17]Ashman T L.Indirect costs of seed production within and between seasons in a gynodioecious species[J].Oecologia,1992,92(2):266-272.
[18]王军.中国紫金牛属(紫金牛科)的系统学研究[D].广州:中国科学院华南植物园,2010.
[19]王军,夏念和.中国紫金牛属的分支分类学研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2013,21(60):549–559.