污油泥絮凝机理及其研究进展
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摘要
根据污油泥处理过程,对常见的化学絮凝过程进行了总结,并对主要絮凝机理及优势和局限性进行了分析。得出了结论:吸附架桥、卷扫网捕、电中和、胞外聚合物架桥等机理配合使用,使絮凝剂有优异的絮凝性能,且其经改性、复合、复配等方法使自身有多种絮凝机制,这对于合成高效的污油泥絮凝剂具有重要意义。最后指出污油泥絮凝过程复杂,进一步研究其具体作用方式和机理以及影响絮凝作用的主要因素都将有助于污油泥絮凝剂的广泛应用。
The common chemical flocculation process was summarized according to the oily sludge treatment process, and the different main flocculation mechanism and the superiority and the limitation were analyzed. The conclusion is that all of these factors such as adsorption bridge, volume sweep the trap, electrical neutralization, extracellular polymer bridging and other mechanisms have come together to make flocculants possess excellent flocculation performances. In addition, modification, recombination and compounding of the flocculants can cause many flocculation mechanisms, which is of great significance for the synthesis of high efficient sludge flocculants. Finally, the complexity of oily sludge flocculation process was point out. Further research on specific action mode and mechanism and main factors affecting flocculation will be helpful to the extensive application of oily sludge flocculant.
The common chemical flocculation process was summarized according to the oily sludge treatment process, and the different main flocculation mechanism and the superiority and the limitation were analyzed. The conclusion is that all of these factors such as adsorption bridge, volume sweep the trap, electrical neutralization, extracellular polymer bridging and other mechanisms have come together to make flocculants possess excellent flocculation performances. In addition, modification, recombination and compounding of the flocculants can cause many flocculation mechanisms, which is of great significance for the synthesis of high efficient sludge flocculants. Finally, the complexity of oily sludge flocculation process was point out. Further research on specific action mode and mechanism and main factors affecting flocculation will be helpful to the extensive application of oily sludge flocculant.
引文
[1]Guo Peng(郭鹏),Zhuang Jianquan(庄建全),Ji Yanjuan(纪艳娟),et al.Discussion on characteristics of oily sludge and technologies for treating oily sludge of oilfield[J].Advances in Fine Petrochemicals(精细石油化工进展),2016,(3):27-31.
[2]Yang X,Tan W,Bu Y.Demulsification of asphaltenes and resins stabilized emulsions via the freeze/thaw method[J].Energy&Fuels,2008,23(1):481-486.
[3]Kralova I,Sj?blom J,?ye G,et al.Heavy crude oils/particle stabilized emulsions[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2011,169(2):106-127.
[4]Ramaswamy B,Kar D D,De S.A study on recovery of oil from sludge containing oil using froth flotation[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(1):150-154.
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[6]Biswal B K,Tiwari S N,Mukherji S.Biodegradation of oil in oily sludges from steel mills[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(4):1700-1703.
[7]Mohan S V,Chandrasekhar K.Self-induced bio-potential and graphite electron accepting conditions enhances petroleum sludge degradation in bio-electrochemical system with simultaneous power generation[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(20):9532-9541.
[8]Liu W,Wang X,Wu L,et al.Isolation identification and characterization of bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ-6,a bacterial isolate for enhancing oil recovery from oily sludge[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(10):1105-1110.
[9]Chen Hongyong(陈洪永).Experimental study on rheological properties of oily sludge[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University(浙江大学),2015.
[10]Silva L J,Alves F C,Fran?a F P.A review of the technological solutions for the treatment of oily sludges from petroleum refineries[J].Waste Management&Research,2012,30(10):1016-1030.
[11]Tahhan R A,Ammari T G,Goussous S J,et al.Enhancing the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge by a modified bioaugmentation strategy[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2011,65(1):130-134.
[12]Shen Guoping(沈国平).Treatment technology of oil tank sediment[J].Science&Technology Information(科技资讯),2009(19):232-233.
[13]Mao Feiyan(毛飞燕).Study on characteristics and mechanism of oil-water centrifugal separation in petroleum sludge[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University(浙江大学),2016.
[14]Castaldi F J.Tank‐based bioremediation of petroleum waste sludges[J].Environmental Progress,2003,22(1):25-36.
[15]Guo L X,Wang C Y.Quantitative study on polymer flocculation mechanism based on mathematical morphology[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2006,16(2):241-244.
[16]Chen L,Chen D H,Wu C L.Studying flocculation mechanism of chitosan with pyrene-fluorescence probe method[J].Chinese Journal of Chemistry,2003,21(9):1224-1228.
[17]Zou Jing(邹静).Preparation and properties of new inorganic-organic composite polymer flocculants[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology(北京化工大学),2012.
[18]Manciu M,Ruckenstein E.The polarization model for hydration/double layer interactions:the role of the electrolyte ions[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2004,112(1):109-128.
[19]Bolto B,Gregory J.Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment[J].Water Research,2007,41(11):2301-2324.
[20]Lee C S,Robinson J,Chong M F.A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2014,92(6):489-508.
[21]Zeng Y,Park J.Characterization and coagulation performance of a novel inorganic polymer coagulant—poly-zinc-silicate-sulfate[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2009,334(1):147-154.
[22]Amirtharajah A,Asce M,Trusler S L.Destabilization of particles by turbulent mixing[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1986,112(6):1085-1108.
[23]Wei Y,Ding A,Dong L,et al.Characterisation and coagulation performance of an inorganic coagulant—poly-magnesium-silicatechloride in treatment of simulated dyeing wastewater[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2015,470:137-141.
[24]Wei Y,Dong X,Ding A,et al.Characterization and coagulation–flocculation behavior of an inorganic polymer coagulant–polyferric-zinc-sulfate[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2016,58:351-356.
[25]Owen A T,Fawell P D,Swift J D.The preparation and ageing of acrylamide/acrylate copolymer flocculant solutions[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2007,84(1):3-14.
[26]Guo Yi(郭义),Hu Jianhua(胡建华),Yang Zijian(杨梓剑),et al.Treatment and recycling of riboflavin crystallization mother liquor[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress(化工进展),2016,35(S2):324-327.
[27]Zheng Yuyi(郑育毅),Jiang Juan(江娟),Sun Qiyuan(孙启元),et al.Effect of different molecular weight and ionic strength of CPAM on sludge dewaterability[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(8):2947-2954.
[28]Li X,Zhang Y,Zhao X,et al.The characteristics of sludge from enhanced coagulation processes using PAC/PDMDAAC composite coagulants in treatment of micro-polluted raw water[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,147:125-131.
[29]Ariffin A,Razali M A A,Ahmad Z.Poly DADMAC and polyacrylamide as a hybrid flocculation system in the treatment of pulp and paper mills waste water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,179:107-111.
[30]Yang Z,Gao B,Wang Y,et al.The effect of additional poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium-chloride on the speciation distribution of residual aluminum(Al)in a low DOC and high alkalinity reservoir water treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,197:56-66.
[31]Moussas P A,Zouboulis A I.Synthesis characterization and coagulation behavior of a composite coagulation reagent by the combination of polyferric sulfate(PFS)and cationic polyelectrolyte[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2012,96:263-273.
[32]Yang Z,Yang H,Jiang Z,et al.Flocculation of both anionic and cationic dyes in aqueous solutions by the amphoteric grafting flocculant carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,254:36-45.
[33]Liu H,Yang X,Zhang Y,et al.Flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose from phyllostachys heterocycla:an efficient and eco-friendly flocculant[J].Water Research,2014,59:165-171.
[34]Sun P F,Lin H,Wang G,et al.Preparation of a new-style composite containing a key bioflocculant produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJU1 and its flocculating effect on harmful algal blooms[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,284:215-221.
[35]Liu H,Fang H H P.Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)of sludges[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2002,95(3):249-256.
[36]Chen Z,Zhang W,Wang D,et al.Enhancement of activated sludge dewatering performance by combined composite enzymatic lysis and chemical re-flocculation with inorganic coagulants:kinetics of enzymatic reaction and re-flocculation morphology[J].Water Research,2015,83:367-376.
[37]Zhang Z,Zhang J,Zhao J,et al.Effect of short-time aerobic digestion on bioflocculation of extracellular polymeric substances from waste activated sludge[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(3):1812-1818.
[38]Lee J,Cho D H,Ramanan R,et al.Microalgae-associated bacteria play a key role in the flocculation of chlorella vulgaris[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,131:195-201.
[39]Liu Z,Hu Z,Wang T,et al.Production of novel microbial flocculants by klebsiella sp.TG-1 using waste residue from the food industry and its use in defecating the trona suspension[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,139:265-271.
[40]Lucas P M A,Sarpe D,Winterwerp J C.Effect of algae on flocculation of suspended bed sediments in a large shallow lake.consequences for ecology and sediment transport processes[J].Ocean Dynamics,2015,65(6):889-903.
[41]Aljuboori A H R,Idris A,Al-joubory H H R,et al.Flocculation behavior and mechanism of bioflocculant produced by aspergillus flavus[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,150:466-471.
[42]Feng J,Yang Z,Zeng G,et al.The adsorption behavior and mechanism investigation of Pb(II)removal by flocculation using microbial flocculant GA1[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:414-421.
[43]Yang Z,Wu Z,Zeng G,et al.Assessing the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(76):40464-40473.
[44]Hao J,Lian B,Zhou R,et al.Microbial flocculant combined ferric trichloride facilitates floating aggregation of microcystis aeruginosa for efficient removal[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(43):20483-20493.
[45]Han Xue(韩雪),Lou Dawei(娄大伟),Lian Lili(连丽丽),et al.Study on the preparation of a new kind of PSAZ-CTS and its flocculation capability for songhua river water[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2015,32(9):1027-1031.
[46]Wang Xuejiao(王雪娇),Yi Shouzhi(衣守志).Preparation of polysilicate aluminum magnesium chloride and its flocculation capability.Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry(化工环保),2013,(2):171-174.
[47]Guo Rui(郭睿),Liu Aiyu(刘爱玉),Yang Jiangyue(杨江月),et al.Synthesis of HACC by inverse emulsion and study on its flocculating properties[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2016,33(9):1035-1042.
[48]Sun Y,Zhu C,Sun W,et al.Plasma-initiated polymerization of chitosan-based CS-g-P(AM-DMDAAC)flocculant for the enhanced flocculation of low-algal-turbidity water[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2017,164:222-232.
[49]Yang Z,Wu H,Yuan B,et al.Synthesis of amphoteric starch-based grafting flocculants for flocculation of both positively and negatively charged colloidal contaminants from water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,244:209-217.
[50]Habiba U,Siddique T A,Joo T C,et al.Synthesis of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/zeolite composite for removal of methyl orange,congo red and chromium(VI)by flocculation/adsorption[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2017,157:1568-1576.
[51]Wang T,Yang W L,Hong Y,et al.Magnetic nanoparticles grafted with amino-riched dendrimer as magnetic flocculant for efficient harvesting of oleaginous microalgae[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,297:304-314.
[52]Amiri M C,Dadkhah A A.On reduction in the surface tension of water due to magnetic treatment[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2006,278(1):252-255.
[53]Fang S,Chen B,Zhang H,et al.The effects of ultrasonic time,temperature,size and polyether type on performances of magnetic flocculants for oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding treatment[J].Separation Science and Technology,2016,51(18):2991-2999.
[54]Liu P R,Zhang H L,Wang T,et al.Functional graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites as magnetic flocculant for efficient harvesting of oleaginous microalgae[J].Algal Research,2016,19:86-95.
[55]Chen Y,Luo M,Cai W.Influence of operating parameters on the performance of magnetic seeding flocculation[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(3):2873-2881.
[2]Yang X,Tan W,Bu Y.Demulsification of asphaltenes and resins stabilized emulsions via the freeze/thaw method[J].Energy&Fuels,2008,23(1):481-486.
[3]Kralova I,Sj?blom J,?ye G,et al.Heavy crude oils/particle stabilized emulsions[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2011,169(2):106-127.
[4]Ramaswamy B,Kar D D,De S.A study on recovery of oil from sludge containing oil using froth flotation[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(1):150-154.
[5]Tahhan R A,Ammari T G,Goussous S J,et al.Enhancing the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge by a modified bioaugmentation strategy[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2011,65(1):130-134.
[6]Biswal B K,Tiwari S N,Mukherji S.Biodegradation of oil in oily sludges from steel mills[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(4):1700-1703.
[7]Mohan S V,Chandrasekhar K.Self-induced bio-potential and graphite electron accepting conditions enhances petroleum sludge degradation in bio-electrochemical system with simultaneous power generation[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(20):9532-9541.
[8]Liu W,Wang X,Wu L,et al.Isolation identification and characterization of bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ-6,a bacterial isolate for enhancing oil recovery from oily sludge[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(10):1105-1110.
[9]Chen Hongyong(陈洪永).Experimental study on rheological properties of oily sludge[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University(浙江大学),2015.
[10]Silva L J,Alves F C,Fran?a F P.A review of the technological solutions for the treatment of oily sludges from petroleum refineries[J].Waste Management&Research,2012,30(10):1016-1030.
[11]Tahhan R A,Ammari T G,Goussous S J,et al.Enhancing the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge by a modified bioaugmentation strategy[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2011,65(1):130-134.
[12]Shen Guoping(沈国平).Treatment technology of oil tank sediment[J].Science&Technology Information(科技资讯),2009(19):232-233.
[13]Mao Feiyan(毛飞燕).Study on characteristics and mechanism of oil-water centrifugal separation in petroleum sludge[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University(浙江大学),2016.
[14]Castaldi F J.Tank‐based bioremediation of petroleum waste sludges[J].Environmental Progress,2003,22(1):25-36.
[15]Guo L X,Wang C Y.Quantitative study on polymer flocculation mechanism based on mathematical morphology[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2006,16(2):241-244.
[16]Chen L,Chen D H,Wu C L.Studying flocculation mechanism of chitosan with pyrene-fluorescence probe method[J].Chinese Journal of Chemistry,2003,21(9):1224-1228.
[17]Zou Jing(邹静).Preparation and properties of new inorganic-organic composite polymer flocculants[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology(北京化工大学),2012.
[18]Manciu M,Ruckenstein E.The polarization model for hydration/double layer interactions:the role of the electrolyte ions[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2004,112(1):109-128.
[19]Bolto B,Gregory J.Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment[J].Water Research,2007,41(11):2301-2324.
[20]Lee C S,Robinson J,Chong M F.A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2014,92(6):489-508.
[21]Zeng Y,Park J.Characterization and coagulation performance of a novel inorganic polymer coagulant—poly-zinc-silicate-sulfate[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2009,334(1):147-154.
[22]Amirtharajah A,Asce M,Trusler S L.Destabilization of particles by turbulent mixing[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1986,112(6):1085-1108.
[23]Wei Y,Ding A,Dong L,et al.Characterisation and coagulation performance of an inorganic coagulant—poly-magnesium-silicatechloride in treatment of simulated dyeing wastewater[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2015,470:137-141.
[24]Wei Y,Dong X,Ding A,et al.Characterization and coagulation–flocculation behavior of an inorganic polymer coagulant–polyferric-zinc-sulfate[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2016,58:351-356.
[25]Owen A T,Fawell P D,Swift J D.The preparation and ageing of acrylamide/acrylate copolymer flocculant solutions[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2007,84(1):3-14.
[26]Guo Yi(郭义),Hu Jianhua(胡建华),Yang Zijian(杨梓剑),et al.Treatment and recycling of riboflavin crystallization mother liquor[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress(化工进展),2016,35(S2):324-327.
[27]Zheng Yuyi(郑育毅),Jiang Juan(江娟),Sun Qiyuan(孙启元),et al.Effect of different molecular weight and ionic strength of CPAM on sludge dewaterability[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(8):2947-2954.
[28]Li X,Zhang Y,Zhao X,et al.The characteristics of sludge from enhanced coagulation processes using PAC/PDMDAAC composite coagulants in treatment of micro-polluted raw water[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,147:125-131.
[29]Ariffin A,Razali M A A,Ahmad Z.Poly DADMAC and polyacrylamide as a hybrid flocculation system in the treatment of pulp and paper mills waste water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,179:107-111.
[30]Yang Z,Gao B,Wang Y,et al.The effect of additional poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium-chloride on the speciation distribution of residual aluminum(Al)in a low DOC and high alkalinity reservoir water treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,197:56-66.
[31]Moussas P A,Zouboulis A I.Synthesis characterization and coagulation behavior of a composite coagulation reagent by the combination of polyferric sulfate(PFS)and cationic polyelectrolyte[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2012,96:263-273.
[32]Yang Z,Yang H,Jiang Z,et al.Flocculation of both anionic and cationic dyes in aqueous solutions by the amphoteric grafting flocculant carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,254:36-45.
[33]Liu H,Yang X,Zhang Y,et al.Flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide grafted cellulose from phyllostachys heterocycla:an efficient and eco-friendly flocculant[J].Water Research,2014,59:165-171.
[34]Sun P F,Lin H,Wang G,et al.Preparation of a new-style composite containing a key bioflocculant produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJU1 and its flocculating effect on harmful algal blooms[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,284:215-221.
[35]Liu H,Fang H H P.Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)of sludges[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2002,95(3):249-256.
[36]Chen Z,Zhang W,Wang D,et al.Enhancement of activated sludge dewatering performance by combined composite enzymatic lysis and chemical re-flocculation with inorganic coagulants:kinetics of enzymatic reaction and re-flocculation morphology[J].Water Research,2015,83:367-376.
[37]Zhang Z,Zhang J,Zhao J,et al.Effect of short-time aerobic digestion on bioflocculation of extracellular polymeric substances from waste activated sludge[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(3):1812-1818.
[38]Lee J,Cho D H,Ramanan R,et al.Microalgae-associated bacteria play a key role in the flocculation of chlorella vulgaris[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,131:195-201.
[39]Liu Z,Hu Z,Wang T,et al.Production of novel microbial flocculants by klebsiella sp.TG-1 using waste residue from the food industry and its use in defecating the trona suspension[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,139:265-271.
[40]Lucas P M A,Sarpe D,Winterwerp J C.Effect of algae on flocculation of suspended bed sediments in a large shallow lake.consequences for ecology and sediment transport processes[J].Ocean Dynamics,2015,65(6):889-903.
[41]Aljuboori A H R,Idris A,Al-joubory H H R,et al.Flocculation behavior and mechanism of bioflocculant produced by aspergillus flavus[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,150:466-471.
[42]Feng J,Yang Z,Zeng G,et al.The adsorption behavior and mechanism investigation of Pb(II)removal by flocculation using microbial flocculant GA1[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:414-421.
[43]Yang Z,Wu Z,Zeng G,et al.Assessing the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(76):40464-40473.
[44]Hao J,Lian B,Zhou R,et al.Microbial flocculant combined ferric trichloride facilitates floating aggregation of microcystis aeruginosa for efficient removal[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(43):20483-20493.
[45]Han Xue(韩雪),Lou Dawei(娄大伟),Lian Lili(连丽丽),et al.Study on the preparation of a new kind of PSAZ-CTS and its flocculation capability for songhua river water[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2015,32(9):1027-1031.
[46]Wang Xuejiao(王雪娇),Yi Shouzhi(衣守志).Preparation of polysilicate aluminum magnesium chloride and its flocculation capability.Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry(化工环保),2013,(2):171-174.
[47]Guo Rui(郭睿),Liu Aiyu(刘爱玉),Yang Jiangyue(杨江月),et al.Synthesis of HACC by inverse emulsion and study on its flocculating properties[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2016,33(9):1035-1042.
[48]Sun Y,Zhu C,Sun W,et al.Plasma-initiated polymerization of chitosan-based CS-g-P(AM-DMDAAC)flocculant for the enhanced flocculation of low-algal-turbidity water[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2017,164:222-232.
[49]Yang Z,Wu H,Yuan B,et al.Synthesis of amphoteric starch-based grafting flocculants for flocculation of both positively and negatively charged colloidal contaminants from water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,244:209-217.
[50]Habiba U,Siddique T A,Joo T C,et al.Synthesis of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/zeolite composite for removal of methyl orange,congo red and chromium(VI)by flocculation/adsorption[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2017,157:1568-1576.
[51]Wang T,Yang W L,Hong Y,et al.Magnetic nanoparticles grafted with amino-riched dendrimer as magnetic flocculant for efficient harvesting of oleaginous microalgae[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,297:304-314.
[52]Amiri M C,Dadkhah A A.On reduction in the surface tension of water due to magnetic treatment[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2006,278(1):252-255.
[53]Fang S,Chen B,Zhang H,et al.The effects of ultrasonic time,temperature,size and polyether type on performances of magnetic flocculants for oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding treatment[J].Separation Science and Technology,2016,51(18):2991-2999.
[54]Liu P R,Zhang H L,Wang T,et al.Functional graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites as magnetic flocculant for efficient harvesting of oleaginous microalgae[J].Algal Research,2016,19:86-95.
[55]Chen Y,Luo M,Cai W.Influence of operating parameters on the performance of magnetic seeding flocculation[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(3):2873-2881.