温度对高岭土絮凝沉降影响的沉降筒实验研究
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摘要
黏性泥沙的絮凝沉降对于黏性泥沙输移有十分重要的意义。该文通过在圆柱形沉降筒中进行高岭土静水絮凝沉降实验,选取5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃六种不同的温度条件,研究温度对高岭土絮凝沉降的影响规律。结果表明:在一定泥沙浓度条件下,随着温度的升高,高岭土沉速呈现上升趋势,并且当温度超过25℃时,沉速增加速率明显加快;盐水环境(盐度5 ppt)中的高岭土沉降速度大于同等条件下淡水环境中的沉降速度。提出了考虑温度影响的高岭土沉速经验公式。
The settling and flocculation play important roles in the transport of cohesive sediment. An experimental study on the settling and flocculation of kaolinite in a cylindrical settling column was carried out. Six temperature conditions of 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 and 30℃ were chosen to clarify the influences of temperature on the flocculation of kaolinite in the ℃still water. The results show that the settling velocity increases with the increase of temperature under the given sediment concentration. When the temperature is larger than 25 ℃, the increasing rate of the settling velocity is accelerated obviously. And the settling velocity in salt water with the salinity of 5 ppt is faster than that in fresh water under the same conditions. Furthermore, an empirical formula for the settling velocity of kaolinite considering the effects of temperature is proposed.
The settling and flocculation play important roles in the transport of cohesive sediment. An experimental study on the settling and flocculation of kaolinite in a cylindrical settling column was carried out. Six temperature conditions of 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 and 30℃ were chosen to clarify the influences of temperature on the flocculation of kaolinite in the ℃still water. The results show that the settling velocity increases with the increase of temperature under the given sediment concentration. When the temperature is larger than 25 ℃, the increasing rate of the settling velocity is accelerated obviously. And the settling velocity in salt water with the salinity of 5 ppt is faster than that in fresh water under the same conditions. Furthermore, an empirical formula for the settling velocity of kaolinite considering the effects of temperature is proposed.
引文
[1]乔光全.不同因素对黏性泥沙絮凝特性的影响研究[D].天津大学,天津,中国,2013.QIAO Guang-quan.Effects of various factors on the characteristics of cohesive sediment flocculation[D].Tianjin University,Tianjin,China,2013.
[2]张庆河,王殿志,吴永胜,等.黏性泥沙絮凝现象研究述评(1):絮凝机理与絮团特性[J].海洋通报,2001,20(6):80-90.ZHANG Qing-he,WANG Dian-zhi,WU Yong-sheng,et al.A review on aggregation phenomena for cohesive sediment(I):Mechanism for aggregation and properties of flocs[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2001,20(6):80-90.
[3]张金凤,张庆河,乔光全.水体紊动对黏性泥沙絮凝影响研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(1):67-72.ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHANG Qing-he,QIAOGuang-quan.The effects of turbulence on flocculation of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(1):67-72.
[4]张金凤,张庆河,张浦阳.盐度对高岭土动水絮凝影响研究[C].第十七届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会,南宁,中国,2015.ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHANG Qing-he,ZHANG Pu-yang.Effect of salinity on flocculation of kaolin by hydrodynamic flocculation[C].Seventeenth Symposium on Chinese Ocean Engineering,Nanning,China,2015.
[5]刘猛.长江口北槽深水航道回淤相关问题分析[J].水运工程,2016(2):104-113.Liu Meng.Analysis of some controversial issues concerning back-silting phenomenon in deep-water channel project at north passage of the Yangtze River[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2016(2):104-113.
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[8]HULSTON J,KRETSER R G D,SCALES P J.Effect of temperature on the dewaterability of hematite suspensions[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2004,73(2-4):269-279.
[9]WINKLER M K,BASSIN J P,KLEEREBEZEM R,et al.Temperature and salt effects on settling velocity in granular sludge technology[J].Water Research,2012,46(16):5445-5451.
[10]陈庆强,孟翊,周菊珍,等.长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用及其制约因素研究[J].海洋工程,2005,23(1):74-82.CHEN Qing-qiang,MENG Yi,ZHOU Ju-zhen,et al.Areview on flocculation of fine suspended sediments and its controlling factors in the Yangtze River estuary[J].The Ocean Engineering,2005,23(1):74-82.
[11]HAYET C,HEDI S,SAMI A,et al.Temperature effect on settling velocity of activated sludge[C].2nd International Conference on Chemical,Biological and Environmental Engineering,Cairo,Egypt,2010.
[12]HEILIGER C S.A numerical and experimental study of differential settling in cohesive sediments[D].Clemson University,Clemson,USA,2010.
[13]LAU Y L.Temperature effect on settling velocity and deposition of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1994,32(1):41-51.
[14]李富根.黏性泥沙悬浮体系絮凝特性的初步研究[D].清华大学,北京,中国,2005.LI Fu-gen.The study on the flocculation-properties of cohesive sediment suspensions[D].Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,2005.
[15]杨铁笙,熊祥忠,詹秀玲,等.黏性细颗粒泥沙絮凝研究概述[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(2):65-77.YANG Tie-sheng,XIONG Xiang-zhong,ZHANXiu-ling,et al.On flocculation of cohesive fine sediment[J].Hydro-science And Engineering.2003(2):65-77.
[16]乔光全,张金凤,张庆河.温度对黏性泥沙絮凝影响的机理研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(2):35-40.QIAO Guang-quan,ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHANGQing-he.Study on the influence of temperature to cohesive sediment flocculation[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2017,42(2):35-40.
[17]MCLAUGHLIN R T.Settling properties of suspensions[J].Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1961,126(1):1780-1786.
[18]张志忠.长江口细颗粒泥沙基本特性研究[J].泥沙研究,1996(1):67-73.ZHANG Zhi-zhong.Studies on basic characteristics of fine sediment in Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1996(1):67-73.
[19]杨铁笙,熊祥忠,詹秀玲,等.黏性泥沙悬浮液中颗粒表面滑动层厚度的计算[J].水利学报,2002(5):20-25.YANG Tie-sheng,XIONG Xiang-zhong,ZHANxiu-ling,et al.The study on slipping water layers of cohesive sediment particles[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002(5):20-25.
[20]HWANG K N.Erodibility of fine sediment in wave dominated environments[D].University of Florida,USA,1989.
[2]张庆河,王殿志,吴永胜,等.黏性泥沙絮凝现象研究述评(1):絮凝机理与絮团特性[J].海洋通报,2001,20(6):80-90.ZHANG Qing-he,WANG Dian-zhi,WU Yong-sheng,et al.A review on aggregation phenomena for cohesive sediment(I):Mechanism for aggregation and properties of flocs[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2001,20(6):80-90.
[3]张金凤,张庆河,乔光全.水体紊动对黏性泥沙絮凝影响研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(1):67-72.ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHANG Qing-he,QIAOGuang-quan.The effects of turbulence on flocculation of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(1):67-72.
[4]张金凤,张庆河,张浦阳.盐度对高岭土动水絮凝影响研究[C].第十七届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会,南宁,中国,2015.ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHANG Qing-he,ZHANG Pu-yang.Effect of salinity on flocculation of kaolin by hydrodynamic flocculation[C].Seventeenth Symposium on Chinese Ocean Engineering,Nanning,China,2015.
[5]刘猛.长江口北槽深水航道回淤相关问题分析[J].水运工程,2016(2):104-113.Liu Meng.Analysis of some controversial issues concerning back-silting phenomenon in deep-water channel project at north passage of the Yangtze River[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2016(2):104-113.
[6]陈曦.长江口细颗粒泥沙静水沉降试验研究[D].中国海洋大学,青岛,中国,2013.CHEN Xi.Experimental study on deposition in static water of fine sediment of Yangtze River estuary[D].Ocean University of China,Qingdao,China,2013.
[7]NAGHIPOUR N,AYYOUBZADEH S A,SEDIGHKIAM.Investigation on the effect of different factors on clay particle sedimentation in freshwaters[J].Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences,2014(5):75-81.
[8]HULSTON J,KRETSER R G D,SCALES P J.Effect of temperature on the dewaterability of hematite suspensions[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2004,73(2-4):269-279.
[9]WINKLER M K,BASSIN J P,KLEEREBEZEM R,et al.Temperature and salt effects on settling velocity in granular sludge technology[J].Water Research,2012,46(16):5445-5451.
[10]陈庆强,孟翊,周菊珍,等.长江口细颗粒泥沙絮凝作用及其制约因素研究[J].海洋工程,2005,23(1):74-82.CHEN Qing-qiang,MENG Yi,ZHOU Ju-zhen,et al.Areview on flocculation of fine suspended sediments and its controlling factors in the Yangtze River estuary[J].The Ocean Engineering,2005,23(1):74-82.
[11]HAYET C,HEDI S,SAMI A,et al.Temperature effect on settling velocity of activated sludge[C].2nd International Conference on Chemical,Biological and Environmental Engineering,Cairo,Egypt,2010.
[12]HEILIGER C S.A numerical and experimental study of differential settling in cohesive sediments[D].Clemson University,Clemson,USA,2010.
[13]LAU Y L.Temperature effect on settling velocity and deposition of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1994,32(1):41-51.
[14]李富根.黏性泥沙悬浮体系絮凝特性的初步研究[D].清华大学,北京,中国,2005.LI Fu-gen.The study on the flocculation-properties of cohesive sediment suspensions[D].Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,2005.
[15]杨铁笙,熊祥忠,詹秀玲,等.黏性细颗粒泥沙絮凝研究概述[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(2):65-77.YANG Tie-sheng,XIONG Xiang-zhong,ZHANXiu-ling,et al.On flocculation of cohesive fine sediment[J].Hydro-science And Engineering.2003(2):65-77.
[16]乔光全,张金凤,张庆河.温度对黏性泥沙絮凝影响的机理研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(2):35-40.QIAO Guang-quan,ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHANGQing-he.Study on the influence of temperature to cohesive sediment flocculation[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2017,42(2):35-40.
[17]MCLAUGHLIN R T.Settling properties of suspensions[J].Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1961,126(1):1780-1786.
[18]张志忠.长江口细颗粒泥沙基本特性研究[J].泥沙研究,1996(1):67-73.ZHANG Zhi-zhong.Studies on basic characteristics of fine sediment in Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1996(1):67-73.
[19]杨铁笙,熊祥忠,詹秀玲,等.黏性泥沙悬浮液中颗粒表面滑动层厚度的计算[J].水利学报,2002(5):20-25.YANG Tie-sheng,XIONG Xiang-zhong,ZHANxiu-ling,et al.The study on slipping water layers of cohesive sediment particles[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002(5):20-25.
[20]HWANG K N.Erodibility of fine sediment in wave dominated environments[D].University of Florida,USA,1989.