基于卫星红外遥感的云顶高度反演算法综述
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摘要
针对近年来利用卫星可见和红外波段遥感数据反演云顶高度的算法,对国内外研究进展和存在的问题进行综述。首先,主要介绍以红外窗区和CO_2吸收技术为主的红外波段反演算法;在此基础上,进一步介绍目前相关国家和地区的业务算法,对这些方法在实际应用中的优缺点予以评述,提出针对中国地区云顶高度反演的解决方案。将来,有发展前途的方法为基于红外分裂窗的查算表法,利用静止卫星的分裂窗数据及极轨卫星云廓线雷达数据,建立基于分裂窗亮温差和11μm通道亮温的云顶高度查算表,根据分裂窗亮温差和11μm亮温查表得到云顶高度。
According to recent years cloud top-height inversion algorithms using satellite visible and infrared remote sensing data, domestic and foreign algorithm research progress and problems are summarized. Through the analysis of large number of related literatures, the inversion algorithms of the infrared window methods and CO_2 absorption technique are mainly introduced. On the basis of these algorithms, the current business algorithms in countries and regions are expressed. Then the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in application are reviewed, and the cloud top-height inversion solution for regions in China is present. In the future, the method of cloud top-height lookup tables based on infrared split-window is prospective. In application and research, lookup tables based on brightness temperature difference and 11 μm channel brightness temperature are constructed using split-window data of stationary satellite and cloud profile radar data of polar orbit satellite, and cloud top-height can be acquired by checking lookup tables by split-window brightness temperature difference and 11 μm channel brightness temperature in application.
According to recent years cloud top-height inversion algorithms using satellite visible and infrared remote sensing data, domestic and foreign algorithm research progress and problems are summarized. Through the analysis of large number of related literatures, the inversion algorithms of the infrared window methods and CO_2 absorption technique are mainly introduced. On the basis of these algorithms, the current business algorithms in countries and regions are expressed. Then the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in application are reviewed, and the cloud top-height inversion solution for regions in China is present. In the future, the method of cloud top-height lookup tables based on infrared split-window is prospective. In application and research, lookup tables based on brightness temperature difference and 11 μm channel brightness temperature are constructed using split-window data of stationary satellite and cloud profile radar data of polar orbit satellite, and cloud top-height can be acquired by checking lookup tables by split-window brightness temperature difference and 11 μm channel brightness temperature in application.
引文
[1]原育凯,张永合,尹增山.云顶高度的天基光学遥感及反演方法综述.红外,2010,31(11):1-5
[2]赵仕伟,林龙福,赵增亮,等.基于MODIS数据与数值模式的云垂直结构估计.解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,12(2):200-204
[3]曹亚楠,魏合理,徐青山.基于MODIS云产品的北京地区卷云特性统计分析.大气与环境光学学报,2013,8(4):272-281
[4]张艳品,章文星,吕达仁,等.卫星(IASI探测仪)观测云顶高与地基云雷达观测的对比验证.大气科学,2014,38(5):874-884
[5]朱亚平,程周杰,刘健文,等.我国东南沿海FY-2C卫星图像上多光谱云分析技术.热带气象学报,2014,30(4):612-622
[6]Menzel W P,Wanzong S,Nieman S,et al.Assigning heights to cloud motion vectors[EB/OL].(2014-06-13)[2015-09-15].http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/iw wg/2nd%20Wind%20Workshop/p105-116_Menzel-Ass igning.pdf
[7]Schmetz J,Holmlund K,Hoffman J,et al.Operational cloud-motion winds from meteosat infrared images.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,32(7):1206-1225
[8]Smith W L,Frey R.Altitude specification of cloud motion winds[EB/OL].(2014-06-13)[2015-09-16].http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/iwwg/1st%20Wind%20Wor kshop/p189-198Smith_Altitude Specs.pdf
[9]Schreiner A J,Menzel W P,Heidinger A,et al.Comparison of cloud motion vector height assignment techniques using the GOES-12 imager//Proc Seventh Int Winds Workshop.Helsinki:EUMETSAT,2004:163-170
[10]Nieman S J,Schmetz J,Menzel W P.A comparison of several techniques to assign heights to cloud tracers.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,32(9):1559-1568
[11]Shenk W E,Curran R J.A multi-spectral method for estimating cirrus cloud top heights.J appl meteor,1973,12(7):1213-1216
[12]Reynolds D W,Vonder Haar T H.A bispectral method for cloud parameter determination.Monthly Weather Review,1977,105(4):446-457
[13]Szejwach G.Determination of semi-transparent cirrus cloud temperature from infrared radiances:application to meteosat.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1982,21(3):384-393
[14]Inoue T.On the temperature and effective emissivity determination of semi-transparent cirrus clouds by bispectral measurements in the 10μm window region.Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,1985,63(1):88-99
[15]Inoue T.A cloud type classification with NOAA 7split-window measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research,1987,92(D4):3991-4000
[16]Derrien M L,Le Gléau L H.Retrieval of the cloud top temperature of semi-transparent clouds with AVHRR//Proceedings of the IRS’88.Lille,1988:199-202
[17]Hamada A,Nishi N,Iwasaki S,et al.Cloud type and top height estimation for tropical upper-tropospheric clouds using GMS-5 split-window measurements combined with cloud radar measurements.Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere Sola,2008,4(1):57-60
[18]Hamada A,Nishi N.Development of a cloud-top height estimation method by geostationary satellite split-window measurements trained with cloudsat data.Journal of Applied Meteorology&Climatology,2010,49(9):2035-2049
[19]刘诚,Bagtasa G,Kuze H,等.基于NOAA16-AVHRR数据反演中纬度陆地上空云类型及云顶高度信息.大气与环境光学学报,2007,2(4):301-305
[20]Smith W L.An improved method for calculating tropospheric temperature and moisture from satellite radiometer measurements.Monthly Weather Review,1968,96(6):387-396
[21]Smith W L,Platt C M R.Comparison of satellitededuced cloud heights with indications from radiosonde and ground-based laser measurements.Journal of Applied Meteorology,2010,17(12):1796-1802
[22]Smith W L,Frey R.On cloud altitude determinations from high resolution interferometer sounder(HIS)observations.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1990,29(7):658-662
[23]Menzel W P,Smith W L,Stewart T R.Improved cloud motion wind vector and altitude assignment using VAS.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1983,22:377-384
[24]Menzel W P,Frey R A,Zhang H,et al.MODIS global cloud-top pressure and amount estimation:algorithm description and results.Journal of Applied Meteorology&Climatology,2008,47(4):1175-1198
[25]Menzel W P,Schmit T J,Wylie D P.Cloud characteristics over central Amazonia during GTE/ABLE 2B derived from multispectral visible and infrared spin scan radiometer atmospheric sounder observations.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1990,95(D10):17039-17042
[26]Baum B A,Wielicki B A.Cirrus cloud retrieval using infrared sounding data:multilevel cloud errors.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994,33:107-117
[27]Wylie D P,Wang P H.Comparison of SAGE-Ⅱand HIRS co-located cloud height measurements.Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26:3373-3376
[28]Frey R A,Baum B A,Menzel W P,et al.A comparison of cloud top heights computed from airborne lidar and MAS radiance data using CO2 slicing.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1999,1042(D20):24547-24556
[29]Ellrod G P,Schreiner A J.Volcanic ash detection and cloud top height estimates from the GOES-12 imager:coping without a 12μm infrared band.Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(15):1-4
[30]Naud C,Muller J P,Haeffelin M,et al.Assessment of MISR and MODIS cloud top heights through intercomparison with a back-scattering lidar at SIRTA.Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(4):235-250
[31]Holz R E,Ackerman S,Antonelli P,et al.An improvement to the high-spectral-resolution CO2-slicing cloud-top altitude retrieval.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2006,23(5):653-670
[32]Chang F L,Minnis P,Lin B,et al.A modified method for inferring upper troposphere cloud top height using the GOES 12 imager 10.7 and 13.3μm data.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D6):620-631
[33]Chang F L,Minnis P,Ayers J K,et al.Evaluation of satellite-based upper troposphere cloud top height retrievals in multilayer cloud conditions during TC4.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D10):11-15
[34]董超华,刘玉洁,张凤英,等.利用美国NOAA卫星遥测云顶高度的数值试验.气象,1987,13(10):24-28
[35]林琳,黄思训,杜华栋.MODIS数据的云顶高度反演.地球信息科学,2006,8(2):106-109
[36]朱亚平,程周杰,刘健文,等.FY-2C静止气象卫星资料对不透明云云顶气压的反演研究.热带气象学报,2014,30(3):463-472
[37]Chahine M T.Remote sounding of cloudy atmospheres.Ⅰ.The single cloud layer.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1974,31(1):233-243
[38]Wielicki B A,Coakley J A.Cloud retrieval using infrared sounder data:error analysis.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1981,20:157-169
[39]官莉,肖稳安,Huang H-L.红外高光谱观测值反演云参数.大气科学,2007,31(6):1123-1127
[40]Liou K N.大气辐射学导论.郭彩丽,周诗健,译.2版.北京:气象出版社,2004:423-415
[41]李亚君.风云二号(FY-2)气象卫星业务产品[EB/OL].(2014-06-19)[2015-09-22].http://www.nsmc.cma.gov.cn/New Site/NSMC/Contents/101431.html
[2]赵仕伟,林龙福,赵增亮,等.基于MODIS数据与数值模式的云垂直结构估计.解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,12(2):200-204
[3]曹亚楠,魏合理,徐青山.基于MODIS云产品的北京地区卷云特性统计分析.大气与环境光学学报,2013,8(4):272-281
[4]张艳品,章文星,吕达仁,等.卫星(IASI探测仪)观测云顶高与地基云雷达观测的对比验证.大气科学,2014,38(5):874-884
[5]朱亚平,程周杰,刘健文,等.我国东南沿海FY-2C卫星图像上多光谱云分析技术.热带气象学报,2014,30(4):612-622
[6]Menzel W P,Wanzong S,Nieman S,et al.Assigning heights to cloud motion vectors[EB/OL].(2014-06-13)[2015-09-15].http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/iw wg/2nd%20Wind%20Workshop/p105-116_Menzel-Ass igning.pdf
[7]Schmetz J,Holmlund K,Hoffman J,et al.Operational cloud-motion winds from meteosat infrared images.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,32(7):1206-1225
[8]Smith W L,Frey R.Altitude specification of cloud motion winds[EB/OL].(2014-06-13)[2015-09-16].http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/iwwg/1st%20Wind%20Wor kshop/p189-198Smith_Altitude Specs.pdf
[9]Schreiner A J,Menzel W P,Heidinger A,et al.Comparison of cloud motion vector height assignment techniques using the GOES-12 imager//Proc Seventh Int Winds Workshop.Helsinki:EUMETSAT,2004:163-170
[10]Nieman S J,Schmetz J,Menzel W P.A comparison of several techniques to assign heights to cloud tracers.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,32(9):1559-1568
[11]Shenk W E,Curran R J.A multi-spectral method for estimating cirrus cloud top heights.J appl meteor,1973,12(7):1213-1216
[12]Reynolds D W,Vonder Haar T H.A bispectral method for cloud parameter determination.Monthly Weather Review,1977,105(4):446-457
[13]Szejwach G.Determination of semi-transparent cirrus cloud temperature from infrared radiances:application to meteosat.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1982,21(3):384-393
[14]Inoue T.On the temperature and effective emissivity determination of semi-transparent cirrus clouds by bispectral measurements in the 10μm window region.Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,1985,63(1):88-99
[15]Inoue T.A cloud type classification with NOAA 7split-window measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research,1987,92(D4):3991-4000
[16]Derrien M L,Le Gléau L H.Retrieval of the cloud top temperature of semi-transparent clouds with AVHRR//Proceedings of the IRS’88.Lille,1988:199-202
[17]Hamada A,Nishi N,Iwasaki S,et al.Cloud type and top height estimation for tropical upper-tropospheric clouds using GMS-5 split-window measurements combined with cloud radar measurements.Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere Sola,2008,4(1):57-60
[18]Hamada A,Nishi N.Development of a cloud-top height estimation method by geostationary satellite split-window measurements trained with cloudsat data.Journal of Applied Meteorology&Climatology,2010,49(9):2035-2049
[19]刘诚,Bagtasa G,Kuze H,等.基于NOAA16-AVHRR数据反演中纬度陆地上空云类型及云顶高度信息.大气与环境光学学报,2007,2(4):301-305
[20]Smith W L.An improved method for calculating tropospheric temperature and moisture from satellite radiometer measurements.Monthly Weather Review,1968,96(6):387-396
[21]Smith W L,Platt C M R.Comparison of satellitededuced cloud heights with indications from radiosonde and ground-based laser measurements.Journal of Applied Meteorology,2010,17(12):1796-1802
[22]Smith W L,Frey R.On cloud altitude determinations from high resolution interferometer sounder(HIS)observations.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1990,29(7):658-662
[23]Menzel W P,Smith W L,Stewart T R.Improved cloud motion wind vector and altitude assignment using VAS.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1983,22:377-384
[24]Menzel W P,Frey R A,Zhang H,et al.MODIS global cloud-top pressure and amount estimation:algorithm description and results.Journal of Applied Meteorology&Climatology,2008,47(4):1175-1198
[25]Menzel W P,Schmit T J,Wylie D P.Cloud characteristics over central Amazonia during GTE/ABLE 2B derived from multispectral visible and infrared spin scan radiometer atmospheric sounder observations.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1990,95(D10):17039-17042
[26]Baum B A,Wielicki B A.Cirrus cloud retrieval using infrared sounding data:multilevel cloud errors.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994,33:107-117
[27]Wylie D P,Wang P H.Comparison of SAGE-Ⅱand HIRS co-located cloud height measurements.Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26:3373-3376
[28]Frey R A,Baum B A,Menzel W P,et al.A comparison of cloud top heights computed from airborne lidar and MAS radiance data using CO2 slicing.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1999,1042(D20):24547-24556
[29]Ellrod G P,Schreiner A J.Volcanic ash detection and cloud top height estimates from the GOES-12 imager:coping without a 12μm infrared band.Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(15):1-4
[30]Naud C,Muller J P,Haeffelin M,et al.Assessment of MISR and MODIS cloud top heights through intercomparison with a back-scattering lidar at SIRTA.Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(4):235-250
[31]Holz R E,Ackerman S,Antonelli P,et al.An improvement to the high-spectral-resolution CO2-slicing cloud-top altitude retrieval.J Atmos Oceanic Technol,2006,23(5):653-670
[32]Chang F L,Minnis P,Lin B,et al.A modified method for inferring upper troposphere cloud top height using the GOES 12 imager 10.7 and 13.3μm data.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D6):620-631
[33]Chang F L,Minnis P,Ayers J K,et al.Evaluation of satellite-based upper troposphere cloud top height retrievals in multilayer cloud conditions during TC4.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D10):11-15
[34]董超华,刘玉洁,张凤英,等.利用美国NOAA卫星遥测云顶高度的数值试验.气象,1987,13(10):24-28
[35]林琳,黄思训,杜华栋.MODIS数据的云顶高度反演.地球信息科学,2006,8(2):106-109
[36]朱亚平,程周杰,刘健文,等.FY-2C静止气象卫星资料对不透明云云顶气压的反演研究.热带气象学报,2014,30(3):463-472
[37]Chahine M T.Remote sounding of cloudy atmospheres.Ⅰ.The single cloud layer.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1974,31(1):233-243
[38]Wielicki B A,Coakley J A.Cloud retrieval using infrared sounder data:error analysis.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1981,20:157-169
[39]官莉,肖稳安,Huang H-L.红外高光谱观测值反演云参数.大气科学,2007,31(6):1123-1127
[40]Liou K N.大气辐射学导论.郭彩丽,周诗健,译.2版.北京:气象出版社,2004:423-415
[41]李亚君.风云二号(FY-2)气象卫星业务产品[EB/OL].(2014-06-19)[2015-09-22].http://www.nsmc.cma.gov.cn/New Site/NSMC/Contents/101431.html