基于GIS的生态脆弱移民区生态环境质量评估——以宁夏红寺堡区为例
|
摘要
参考国家最新颁布的《生态环境评价规范》,从5个方面构建生态环境评价模型,利用GIS技术进行数据获取、运算及评价单元细化,以监测局部区域的具体生态环境问题并分析空间变化趋势,最后以宁夏红寺堡区为例探讨生态脆弱移民区的生态环境质量评价。结果表明:红寺堡区各乡镇生态环境状况一般,EI值存在明显区域差异和地带性,东南部优于中西部。太阳山镇生态环境状况最好,镇东南存在土地胁迫度和污染指数高的生态环境问题;南川乡和红寺堡镇次之,分别存在乡东南部水网密度低和镇中南土地胁迫高的问题;大河乡生态环境最差,西南地区存在植被覆盖度低、荒漠化等生态环境问题。
The model of ecological environmental evaluation consisting of five aspects was built based on the latest national specification of ecological environmental evaluation and the data acquisition,calculation and evaluation refined into evaluation unit were done with the GIS technique. Through the monitoring of specific problems of ecological environment in partial local area and the analyse of spatial variation trend,the evaluation of environmental quality in the vulnerable migration area of Hongsipu district was explored. The results showed that the ecological and environmental quality in the townships of Hongsipu district was in normal condition; the EI value significantly existed regional and zonal differences,which in the southeast area was better than the mid-west area. The ecological environment in Taiyangshan Town was best. In the southeast of the town there were the stress of land and high index of ecological and environmental pollution; next,in Nanchuan Country and Hongsipu Town,where there were low density and rural water networks in the southeastern of the township and high stress of land in central-south of the township. The worst ecological environmental condition was in the Dahe Country,in which there were low vegetation coverage,desertification and other ecological and environmental problems in its southwest region.
The model of ecological environmental evaluation consisting of five aspects was built based on the latest national specification of ecological environmental evaluation and the data acquisition,calculation and evaluation refined into evaluation unit were done with the GIS technique. Through the monitoring of specific problems of ecological environment in partial local area and the analyse of spatial variation trend,the evaluation of environmental quality in the vulnerable migration area of Hongsipu district was explored. The results showed that the ecological and environmental quality in the townships of Hongsipu district was in normal condition; the EI value significantly existed regional and zonal differences,which in the southeast area was better than the mid-west area. The ecological environment in Taiyangshan Town was best. In the southeast of the town there were the stress of land and high index of ecological and environmental pollution; next,in Nanchuan Country and Hongsipu Town,where there were low density and rural water networks in the southeastern of the township and high stress of land in central-south of the township. The worst ecological environmental condition was in the Dahe Country,in which there were low vegetation coverage,desertification and other ecological and environmental problems in its southwest region.
引文
[1]孟岩,赵庚星,程晋南,等.基于MODIS遥感数据和GIS的山东省生态环境状况评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(4):1020-1024.
[2]张军驰.西部地区生态环境治理政策研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[3]秦大河,丁一汇,王绍武,等.中国西部生态环境变化与对策建议[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(3):314-319.
[4]高国力.半干旱区农牧交错带生态环境的景观生态学探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(1):8-17.
[5]马祥华.景观生态学在生态环境影响评价中的应用[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):232-234.
[6]马丽丽,田淑芳,王娜.基于层次分析与模糊数学综合评判法的矿区生态环境评价[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(3):165-170.
[7]安瓦尔·买买提明,张小雷,塔世根·加帕尔.基于模糊数学的新疆南疆地区城市化与生态环境的和谐度分析[J].经济地理,2010,30(2):214-219.
[8]赵晓亮,齐庆杰,李瑞锋,等.阜新煤矿生态环境三维定量评价规范化方法研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(3):397-403.
[9]宫继萍,胡远满,刘淼,等.城市景观三维扩展及其大气环境效应综述[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):562-570.
[10]陈宏观.沿海地区生态环境评价及生态建设研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2012.
[11]贾良清,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.安徽省生态功能区划研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):254-260.
[12]孙东琪,张京祥,朱传耿,等.中国生态环境质量变化态势及其空间分异分析[J].地理学报,2012,67(12):1599-1610.
[13]胡宝荣.基于遥感与GIS技术的汶川县地震前后生态环境质量评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[14]刘志钧.矿区生态环境质量评价理论及预警方法研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2005.
[15]李泽红,王卷乐,赵中平,等.丝绸之路经济带生态环境格局与生态文明建设模式[J].资源科学,2014,36(12):2476-2482.
[16]刘洪岐.基于RS和GIS的北京市生态环境评价研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2008.
[17]李崧,邱微,赵庆良,等.层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):1031-1034.
[18]周兆叶,王志伟,九次力,等.GIS技术在生态环境状况评价方面的应用[J].草业科学,2009,26(10):52-58.
[19]左丽君,张增祥,董婷婷,等.MODIS/NDVI和MODIS/EVI在耕地信息提取中的应用及对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(3):167-172.
[20]李晓军.GIS空间分析方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[21]彭剑楠.GIS空间分析方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[22]张有全,宫辉力,赵文吉.基于遥感与GIS的土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):102-107.
[23]陈飞.基于GIS/RS奇台县土壤侵蚀研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2006.
[24]崔琰,李锐,杨勤科,等.基于GIS的区域土壤侵蚀模型设计[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(1):32-36.
[25]国家环境保护总局.生态环境状况评价技术规范(发布稿):HJ192—2015[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2015.
[26]孟岩.基于RS与GIS的生态环境评价及其遥感反演模型研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009.
[27]马吉.宁夏红寺堡区生态移民经济社会效益评价研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[28]韩瑛,冯文勇.宁夏移民区种植业生态系统的能值分析:以红寺堡移民开发区为例[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):263-266.
[29]杨新国,宋乃平.宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤沙化和盐渍化及其相互关系[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2265-2271.
[30]潘晓玲,马映军,顾峰雪.中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2003(1):50-57.
[31]杨显明,米文宝,齐拓野,等.宁夏生态移民效益评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(4):16-23.
[2]张军驰.西部地区生态环境治理政策研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[3]秦大河,丁一汇,王绍武,等.中国西部生态环境变化与对策建议[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(3):314-319.
[4]高国力.半干旱区农牧交错带生态环境的景观生态学探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(1):8-17.
[5]马祥华.景观生态学在生态环境影响评价中的应用[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):232-234.
[6]马丽丽,田淑芳,王娜.基于层次分析与模糊数学综合评判法的矿区生态环境评价[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(3):165-170.
[7]安瓦尔·买买提明,张小雷,塔世根·加帕尔.基于模糊数学的新疆南疆地区城市化与生态环境的和谐度分析[J].经济地理,2010,30(2):214-219.
[8]赵晓亮,齐庆杰,李瑞锋,等.阜新煤矿生态环境三维定量评价规范化方法研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(3):397-403.
[9]宫继萍,胡远满,刘淼,等.城市景观三维扩展及其大气环境效应综述[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):562-570.
[10]陈宏观.沿海地区生态环境评价及生态建设研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2012.
[11]贾良清,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.安徽省生态功能区划研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):254-260.
[12]孙东琪,张京祥,朱传耿,等.中国生态环境质量变化态势及其空间分异分析[J].地理学报,2012,67(12):1599-1610.
[13]胡宝荣.基于遥感与GIS技术的汶川县地震前后生态环境质量评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[14]刘志钧.矿区生态环境质量评价理论及预警方法研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2005.
[15]李泽红,王卷乐,赵中平,等.丝绸之路经济带生态环境格局与生态文明建设模式[J].资源科学,2014,36(12):2476-2482.
[16]刘洪岐.基于RS和GIS的北京市生态环境评价研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2008.
[17]李崧,邱微,赵庆良,等.层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):1031-1034.
[18]周兆叶,王志伟,九次力,等.GIS技术在生态环境状况评价方面的应用[J].草业科学,2009,26(10):52-58.
[19]左丽君,张增祥,董婷婷,等.MODIS/NDVI和MODIS/EVI在耕地信息提取中的应用及对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(3):167-172.
[20]李晓军.GIS空间分析方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[21]彭剑楠.GIS空间分析方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[22]张有全,宫辉力,赵文吉.基于遥感与GIS的土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):102-107.
[23]陈飞.基于GIS/RS奇台县土壤侵蚀研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2006.
[24]崔琰,李锐,杨勤科,等.基于GIS的区域土壤侵蚀模型设计[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(1):32-36.
[25]国家环境保护总局.生态环境状况评价技术规范(发布稿):HJ192—2015[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2015.
[26]孟岩.基于RS与GIS的生态环境评价及其遥感反演模型研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009.
[27]马吉.宁夏红寺堡区生态移民经济社会效益评价研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[28]韩瑛,冯文勇.宁夏移民区种植业生态系统的能值分析:以红寺堡移民开发区为例[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):263-266.
[29]杨新国,宋乃平.宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤沙化和盐渍化及其相互关系[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2265-2271.
[30]潘晓玲,马映军,顾峰雪.中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2003(1):50-57.
[31]杨显明,米文宝,齐拓野,等.宁夏生态移民效益评价研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(4):16-23.