枣果贮藏期红粉病菌鉴定及环境因子对其分生孢子萌发的影响
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摘要
在山西省临县、太谷县发现枣贮藏期红粉病,发病初期果实表面出现圆形或椭圆形的白色絮状霉点,后期形成较厚粉状霉层。从病样中分离获得2株代表性菌株,通过病原菌分离培养、致病性测定、形态学特征及ITS序列特征分析,确定引起枣贮藏期红粉病的致病菌为粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)。适合该病菌分生孢子萌发的温度为20℃~25℃,相对湿度为大于75%,pH=4~10,致死温度为48℃、处理10 min。适宜芽管生长的温度为20℃~25℃,相对湿度为大于75%,最适pH=6。本研究结果可为枣贮藏期红粉病的诊断和防治措施的制定提供理论依据。
The pink mold rot on traditional fruit tree Ziziphus jujube was observed in plantation of Shanxi province.At the beginning,pink mold rot appeared as white mold on the fruit surface. As the disease progressed,it changed to thick and larger powdery mildew lesion with variation in the size. The appearances were punctiform,mottling,patching,ellipse and so on. The morphological characteristics,pathogenicity test and molecular identification method were used to confirm the pathogen of pink mold rot. Two representative strains of Trichothecium roseum were identified in this study based on morphological and physiological tests in addition to the ITS sequence comparison. The conidia of T. roseum germinated with optimal conditions at 20℃-25℃,pH 4-10,and over 75% relative humidity. The lethal temperature for conidia of T. roseum was 48℃ for 10 minutes. The germ tube of T. roseum grew with an optimal condition at 20℃-25℃,pH 6,more than 75% relative humidity. The results of this research provide the theoretical basis for disease diagnosis and control measures.
The pink mold rot on traditional fruit tree Ziziphus jujube was observed in plantation of Shanxi province.At the beginning,pink mold rot appeared as white mold on the fruit surface. As the disease progressed,it changed to thick and larger powdery mildew lesion with variation in the size. The appearances were punctiform,mottling,patching,ellipse and so on. The morphological characteristics,pathogenicity test and molecular identification method were used to confirm the pathogen of pink mold rot. Two representative strains of Trichothecium roseum were identified in this study based on morphological and physiological tests in addition to the ITS sequence comparison. The conidia of T. roseum germinated with optimal conditions at 20℃-25℃,pH 4-10,and over 75% relative humidity. The lethal temperature for conidia of T. roseum was 48℃ for 10 minutes. The germ tube of T. roseum grew with an optimal condition at 20℃-25℃,pH 6,more than 75% relative humidity. The results of this research provide the theoretical basis for disease diagnosis and control measures.
引文
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[7]Chen L F.Biosynthesis of trichothecenes in Fusarium species(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology(农业生物技术学报),1998,6(1):85-89.
[8]Sharma G,Maymon M,Freeman S.First detailed report of Trichothecium roseum causing post-harvest pink rot of avocado in Israel[J].Plant Disease,2016,100(4):856.
[9]Tang Q,Liu Y J,Fang L.Trichothecium roseum causes trunk disease of Sapindus mukorossi in China[J].Plant Disease,2016,100(5):1009.
[10]Yang J H,Li P,Zhang L,et al.Identification of the pink disease for longan fruit in Hainan province(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Fruit Science(果树学报),2016,33(8):993-999.
[11]Feng H Z,Hao R R,Xue L,et al.Identification of Trichothecium roseum and determination of carbon and nitrogen sources utilization ability(in Chinese)[J].Microbiology China(微生物学通报),2015,42(7):1331-1337.
[12]Hamid M I,Hussain M,Ghazanfar M U,et al.Trichothecium roseum causes fruit rot of tomato,orange,and apple in Pakistan[J].Plant Disease,2014,98(9):1271.
[13]Jin H K,Dong W K,Okhee C,et al.Pink mold rot on Unishiu orange(Citrus unshiu Mac.)caused by Trichothecium roseum(Pers.)link ex gray in Korea[J].Research in Plant Disease,2013,19(3):226-228.
[14]Gao L L,Zhang Q,Sun X Y,et al.Etiology of moldy core,core browning,and core rot of Fuji apple in China[J].Plant Disease,2013,97(4):510-516.
[15]Shi J F,Sun C Q,Wang J M,et al.The identification of pink-mold rot pathogen in post-harvest tomato and the inhibitory activities of plant essential oils(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology(中国食品学报),2013,13(10):170-176.
[16]He S L,Liu Z L,Liu X M,et al.A new disease in mango caused by Trichothecium roseum(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Fruit Science(果树学报),2011,28(3):474-478.
[17]Sun G Y,Zhang R,Zhang Z,et al.Isolation of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apple surface by picking up the thalli(in Chinese)[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica(植物病理学报),2003,33(5):479-480.
[18]Li H Y,Sun G Y,Batzer J C,et al.Scleroramularia gen.nov.associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple and pawpaw from the northern hemisphere[J].Fungal Diversity,2011,46(1):53-66.
[19]Gardes M,Bruns T D.ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts[J].Molecular Ecology,1993,2(2):113-118.
[20]White T J,Bruns T,Lee S,et al.Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics[C].Pennsylvania,USA:Academic Press,1990:315-322.
[21]Wang X L,Wei J L,Huang L L,et al.Re-evaluation of pathogens causing Valsa canker on apple in China[J].Mycologia,2011,103(2):317-324.
[22]Zang R,Huang L L.Study on the pycindiospore germination of apple tree Valsa canker pathogen(in Chinese)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2007,16(1):64-67.
[23]Obanor F O,Walter M,Jones E E,et al.Effect of temperature,relative humidity,leaf wetnessand leaf age on Spilocaea oleagina conidium germinationon olive leaves[J].Europe Journal Plant Pathology,2008,120(3):211-222.
[24]Hao G Z,Xing L X,Liang Q W.Humidity fixed points of saturated aqueous solutions of salts(in Chinese)[J].Sensor World(传感器世界),1999,(12):10-14.
[25]Sun J M,Zhang J Z,Wei D,et al.Identification and biological characterization of the pathogen causing a new black spot disease on Musa spp.(in Chinese)[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica(植物病理学报),2016,46(1):119-123.
[26]Liu Q,Xiao C L.Influence of nutrient and environmental factors on conidial germination of Potebniamyces pyri[J].Phytopathology,2005,95(5):572-580.
[27]Chen J L,Jian X,Mutalipu M.Effect of heated treatment on storage quality of Ziziphus jujuba cv.junzao(in Chinese)[J].Northern Horticulture(北方园艺)2014,38(8):115-118.
[28]Zhang Z H.Comparative studies on several isolates of Trichothecium roseum from different hosts and inhibitory activity(in Chinese)[D].Anhui:Anhui Agricultural University(安徽:安徽农业大学),2007.
[2]Wang J,Wang Z Q,Mou J L,et al.Study of the key processing technique for series jujube products(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology(中国食品学报),2012,12(9):1-7.
[3]Mou G L,Zhang X J,Yu M J,et al.Present status and developing tendency of drying technology for Chinese Jujube(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization(中国农机化学报),2014,35(1):16-21.
[4]Shanawaer S,Yushanjiang M,Guo Q Y,et al.Identification of the pathogen causing jujube fruit mildew(Part II)-isolation and identification of Penicillium fungus causing jujube fruit mildew(in Chinese)[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences(新疆农业科学),2016,53(4):698-705.
[5]Wei T J,Wei X T.Advances in research on diseases of Chinese jujube fruits(Ziziphus jujube Mill.)(in Chinese)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2006,15(1):88-94.
[6]Shanawaer S,Yushanjiang M,Guo Q Y,et al.Identification of the pathogen causing jujube fruit mildew(Part I)-isolation and identification of Aspergillus fungus causing jujube fruit mildew(in Chinese)[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences(新疆农业科学),2016,53(3):502-509.
[7]Chen L F.Biosynthesis of trichothecenes in Fusarium species(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology(农业生物技术学报),1998,6(1):85-89.
[8]Sharma G,Maymon M,Freeman S.First detailed report of Trichothecium roseum causing post-harvest pink rot of avocado in Israel[J].Plant Disease,2016,100(4):856.
[9]Tang Q,Liu Y J,Fang L.Trichothecium roseum causes trunk disease of Sapindus mukorossi in China[J].Plant Disease,2016,100(5):1009.
[10]Yang J H,Li P,Zhang L,et al.Identification of the pink disease for longan fruit in Hainan province(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Fruit Science(果树学报),2016,33(8):993-999.
[11]Feng H Z,Hao R R,Xue L,et al.Identification of Trichothecium roseum and determination of carbon and nitrogen sources utilization ability(in Chinese)[J].Microbiology China(微生物学通报),2015,42(7):1331-1337.
[12]Hamid M I,Hussain M,Ghazanfar M U,et al.Trichothecium roseum causes fruit rot of tomato,orange,and apple in Pakistan[J].Plant Disease,2014,98(9):1271.
[13]Jin H K,Dong W K,Okhee C,et al.Pink mold rot on Unishiu orange(Citrus unshiu Mac.)caused by Trichothecium roseum(Pers.)link ex gray in Korea[J].Research in Plant Disease,2013,19(3):226-228.
[14]Gao L L,Zhang Q,Sun X Y,et al.Etiology of moldy core,core browning,and core rot of Fuji apple in China[J].Plant Disease,2013,97(4):510-516.
[15]Shi J F,Sun C Q,Wang J M,et al.The identification of pink-mold rot pathogen in post-harvest tomato and the inhibitory activities of plant essential oils(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology(中国食品学报),2013,13(10):170-176.
[16]He S L,Liu Z L,Liu X M,et al.A new disease in mango caused by Trichothecium roseum(in Chinese)[J].Journal of Fruit Science(果树学报),2011,28(3):474-478.
[17]Sun G Y,Zhang R,Zhang Z,et al.Isolation of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apple surface by picking up the thalli(in Chinese)[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica(植物病理学报),2003,33(5):479-480.
[18]Li H Y,Sun G Y,Batzer J C,et al.Scleroramularia gen.nov.associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple and pawpaw from the northern hemisphere[J].Fungal Diversity,2011,46(1):53-66.
[19]Gardes M,Bruns T D.ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts[J].Molecular Ecology,1993,2(2):113-118.
[20]White T J,Bruns T,Lee S,et al.Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics[C].Pennsylvania,USA:Academic Press,1990:315-322.
[21]Wang X L,Wei J L,Huang L L,et al.Re-evaluation of pathogens causing Valsa canker on apple in China[J].Mycologia,2011,103(2):317-324.
[22]Zang R,Huang L L.Study on the pycindiospore germination of apple tree Valsa canker pathogen(in Chinese)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2007,16(1):64-67.
[23]Obanor F O,Walter M,Jones E E,et al.Effect of temperature,relative humidity,leaf wetnessand leaf age on Spilocaea oleagina conidium germinationon olive leaves[J].Europe Journal Plant Pathology,2008,120(3):211-222.
[24]Hao G Z,Xing L X,Liang Q W.Humidity fixed points of saturated aqueous solutions of salts(in Chinese)[J].Sensor World(传感器世界),1999,(12):10-14.
[25]Sun J M,Zhang J Z,Wei D,et al.Identification and biological characterization of the pathogen causing a new black spot disease on Musa spp.(in Chinese)[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica(植物病理学报),2016,46(1):119-123.
[26]Liu Q,Xiao C L.Influence of nutrient and environmental factors on conidial germination of Potebniamyces pyri[J].Phytopathology,2005,95(5):572-580.
[27]Chen J L,Jian X,Mutalipu M.Effect of heated treatment on storage quality of Ziziphus jujuba cv.junzao(in Chinese)[J].Northern Horticulture(北方园艺)2014,38(8):115-118.
[28]Zhang Z H.Comparative studies on several isolates of Trichothecium roseum from different hosts and inhibitory activity(in Chinese)[D].Anhui:Anhui Agricultural University(安徽:安徽农业大学),2007.