高潜水位矿区不同土地利用方式下复垦土壤颗粒与分形特征
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摘要
以徐州市柳新镇高潜水位采煤塌陷区林地、稻麦轮作、棉豆轮作复垦地为研究对象,并与相同利用方式的未塌陷地(林地、稻麦轮作、棉豆轮作)进行对比,分析了不同土地利用方式下复垦土壤的团聚体稳定性、颗粒分布、分形维数以及土壤容重、紧实度、孔隙度的变化特征,探讨了不同土地利用方式对复垦土壤的影响。结果表明:①在0～20 cm土层深度,与相同利用方式的未塌陷地相比,塌陷区复垦土壤耕作层的土壤黏粒、粗黏粒含量明显降低;与未利用的塌陷地相比,塌陷区复垦土壤的黏粒、粗黏粒含量均有所升高,其中以稻麦轮作地表层土壤的黏粒、粗黏粒含量最高;②不同土地利用方式对复垦土壤的团聚体结构性状均具有不同程度的改善作用,即直径大于0.25 mm的湿团聚体数量、湿团聚体平均质量直径增大,团聚体破坏率下降,稳定性增强,其中,稻麦轮作方式对复垦土壤团聚体结构的改善效果较好;③复垦土壤颗粒分布、分形维数、直径大于0.25 mm的湿团聚体数量、湿团聚体平均质量直径、团聚体破坏率及土壤容重、紧实度、孔隙度之间存在密切联系,土壤分形维数对土壤团聚体结构及其稳定性具有良好的指示作用。上述分析结果对于进一步制定高潜水位采煤塌陷区复垦土壤质量恢复措施有一定的参考价值。
Taking the reclamined soil area(forest land,rice-wheat rotation and cotton-soybean rotation)in the coal mining subsidence areas with high phreatic water level in Liuxin Town in Xuzhou City as an example,and compared with uncloapsed land(forest land,rice-wheat rotation and cotton-soybean rotation)with the same utilization methods,the variation characteristics of aggregate stability,particle distribution,fractal dimension and soil bulk density,compactness and porosity of reclaimed soil by different utilization methods are analyzed,besides that,effects of different land utilization methods on soil reclamation are discussed.The study results show that:①for 0～20 cm thickness of soil layer,compared with the non-subsidence area with the same utilization methods,contents of clay and coarse clay of cultivated layer of reclaimed soil are decreased significantly,compared with the unused subsidence land,contents of clay and coarse clay of reclaimed soil are both increased,in particular,contens of clay and coarse clay in the surface layer of rice-wheat rotation area are higher than others;②different land utilization methods have different degrees of improvement on the aggregate structure and properties of reclaimed soil,it can be described that it the number of wet aggregate larger than 0.25 mm in diameter and wet aggregate mean mass diameter(WMWD)are both increased,the percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD)will be decreased and stability of soil aggregate will be enhanced,improvement effects of rice-wheat rotation method to the structure of soil aggregate is better than others;③there is a close relationship between particles distribution,fractural dimension of reclaimed soil,number of wet aggregate larger than 0.25 mm,WMWD,PAD and soil bulk density,compactness and porosity,and soil fractal dimension is effective for indicating the structure and stability of soil aggregates.The above discussion analysis results could provide reliable reference for taking reclaimed soil quality restoration measures in the coal mining subsidence area with high phreatic water level.
Taking the reclamined soil area(forest land,rice-wheat rotation and cotton-soybean rotation)in the coal mining subsidence areas with high phreatic water level in Liuxin Town in Xuzhou City as an example,and compared with uncloapsed land(forest land,rice-wheat rotation and cotton-soybean rotation)with the same utilization methods,the variation characteristics of aggregate stability,particle distribution,fractal dimension and soil bulk density,compactness and porosity of reclaimed soil by different utilization methods are analyzed,besides that,effects of different land utilization methods on soil reclamation are discussed.The study results show that:①for 0～20 cm thickness of soil layer,compared with the non-subsidence area with the same utilization methods,contents of clay and coarse clay of cultivated layer of reclaimed soil are decreased significantly,compared with the unused subsidence land,contents of clay and coarse clay of reclaimed soil are both increased,in particular,contens of clay and coarse clay in the surface layer of rice-wheat rotation area are higher than others;②different land utilization methods have different degrees of improvement on the aggregate structure and properties of reclaimed soil,it can be described that it the number of wet aggregate larger than 0.25 mm in diameter and wet aggregate mean mass diameter(WMWD)are both increased,the percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD)will be decreased and stability of soil aggregate will be enhanced,improvement effects of rice-wheat rotation method to the structure of soil aggregate is better than others;③there is a close relationship between particles distribution,fractural dimension of reclaimed soil,number of wet aggregate larger than 0.25 mm,WMWD,PAD and soil bulk density,compactness and porosity,and soil fractal dimension is effective for indicating the structure and stability of soil aggregates.The above discussion analysis results could provide reliable reference for taking reclaimed soil quality restoration measures in the coal mining subsidence area with high phreatic water level.
引文
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[5]侯湖平,王琛,李金融,等.煤矸石充填不同复垦年限土壤细菌群落结构及其酶活性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4230-4240.Hou Huping,Wang Chen,Li Jinrong,et al.Variation of bacterial community structure and enzyme activities in reclaimed soil filled with coal gangues along a relamation chronosequence[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4230-4240.
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[7]金永昌,刘美英,刘金善,等.复垦模式对采煤沉陷区土壤团聚体有机碳分布特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):105-109.Jin Yongchng,Liu Meiying,Liu Jinshan,et al.Effect of reclamation methods on organic carbon distribution in soil aggregatesin coalmining subsided field[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(11):105-109.
[8]李兵,李新举,刘雪冉.施用蘑菇料对煤矿区复垦土壤物理特性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):288-292.Li Bing,Li Xinju,Liu Xueran.The effects of using mushroom material on reclamation soil physical characteristic in coal mineral area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):288-292.
[9]Raj K,Shrestha,Rattan L.Land use impacts on physical properties of 28 years old reclaimed mine soils in Ohio[J].Plant and Soil,2008,306(1-2):249-260.
[10]Neto A L,Albuquerque J A,Almeida J A D,et al.Changes in soil physical properties of a coal mining site influenced by liming,poultry manure and revegetation[J].Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo,2008,32(4):1379-1388.
[11]Zhao W J,Cui Z,Ma H.Fractal features of soil particle-size distributions and their relationships with soil properties in gravel-mulched fields[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2017,10(9):211.
[12]桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,等.绿洲边缘不同土地利用方式下土壤粒径分布特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(1):22-28.Gui Dongwei,Lei Jiaqiang,Zeng Fanjiang,et al.Characteristics of soil particle size distribution in different land-use types of oasis rim[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(1):22-28.
[13]刘晓利,何园球,李成亮,等.不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):459-465.Liu Xiaoli,He Yuanqiu,Li Chengliang,et al.Distribution and soil physical properties of water-stable aggregates in red soils differentin land use and soil fer-tility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):459-465.
[14]Peng G,Xiang N,Lyu S Q,et al.Fractal characterization of soil particle-size distribution under different land-use patterns in the Yellow River Delta Wetland in China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(6):1116-1122.
[15]伏耀龙,张兴昌,王金贵.岷江上游干旱河谷土壤粒径分布分形维数特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):120-125.Fu Yaolong,Zhang Xingchang,Wang Jingui.Fractal dimension of soil particle-size distribution characteristicsin dry valley of upper Minjiang River[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(5):120-125.
[16]葛东媛,张洪江,郑国强,等.重庆四面山4种人工林地土壤粒径分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):148-151.Ge Dongyuan,Zhang Hongjiang,Zheng Guoqiang,et al.Fractal characteristics of particle-size in four plantation in Simian Mountain of Chongqing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(2):148-151.
[17]张秦岭,李占斌,徐国策,等.丹江鹦鹉沟小流域不同土地利用类型的粒径特征及土壤颗粒分形维数[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):244-249.Zhang Qinling,Li Zhanbing,Xu Guoce,et al.Soil Particle-size distribution and fractal dimension of different land use types in Yingwugou small watershed of dan river[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(2):244-249.
[18]Mohammadi J,Motaghian M H.Spatial prediction of soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon content at the catchment scale using geostatistical techniques[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(3):389-399.
[19]余健.高潜水位区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤碳库特征[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.Yu Jian.Carbon Library Characteristics of Reclaimed Soil in Coal Mining Subsidence Area with HighGround Water Level[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2014.
[20]张瑞虎,刘韬,黎兵.不同前处理方法和测量时间对泥炭中无机矿物颗粒粒度的影响[J].沉积学报,2011,29(2):374-380.Zhang Ruihu,Liu Tao,Li Bing.Influence of different pretreatment procedures and measuring timeon the mineral particle size of peaty sediments in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(2):374-380.
[21]Tyler,Scott W,Wheatcraft S W.Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions:analysis and limitations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(2):362-369.
[22]杨培岭,罗远培.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1898.Yang Peiling,Luo Peiyuan.With the weight of the particle size distribution characterization of soil fractal characteristics[J].Chinese science bulletin,1993,38(20):1896-1898.
[23]周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979.Zhou Hu,Lyu Yizhong,Yang Zhichen,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates in Huabei Plain[J].China Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(9):1973-1979.
[24]王德,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤粒径分形分析--以黄土丘陵沟壑区为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(7):3081-3089.Wang De,Fu Bojie,Chen Liding,et al.Fractal analysis on soil particlesize distributions under different land-use types:a case study in the loess hilly areas of the Loess Plateau[J].China Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(7):3081-3089.
[25]苏永中,王芳,张智慧,等.河西走廊中段边缘绿洲农田土壤性状与团聚体特征[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(4):741-748.Su Yongzhong,Wang Fang,Zhang Zhihui,et al.Soil properties and soil aggregate characteristics in marginal farmlands of oasis in Middle Hexi Corridor Region[J].China Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(4):741-748.
[2]Zheng Q,Ma W M,Li M M,et al.Effects of vegetation and physicochemical properties on solute transport in reclaimed soil at an opencast coal mine site on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2015,133(10):403-411.
[3]王金满,郭凌俐,白中科,等.基于CT分析露天煤矿复垦年限对土壤有效孔隙数量和孔隙度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):229-236.Wang Jinman,Guo Lingli,Bai Zhongke,et al.Effects of land reclamation time on soil pore number and porosity based on computed tomography(CT)images in opencast coal mine dump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(12):229-236.
[4]李新举,胡振琪,李晶,等.采煤塌陷地复垦土壤质量研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(6):276-280.Li Xinju,Hu Zhenqi,Li Jing,et al.Research progress of reclaimed soil quality in mining subsidence area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(6):276-280.
[5]侯湖平,王琛,李金融,等.煤矸石充填不同复垦年限土壤细菌群落结构及其酶活性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4230-4240.Hou Huping,Wang Chen,Li Jinrong,et al.Variation of bacterial community structure and enzyme activities in reclaimed soil filled with coal gangues along a relamation chronosequence[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4230-4240.
[6]胡振琪,李玲,赵艳玲,等.高潜水位平原区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤形态发育评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(5):95-101.Hu Zhenqi,Li Ling,Zhao Yanling,et al.Morphology development evaluation of reclaimed soil in coal-mining subsidence areas withhigh groundwater levels[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(5):95-101.
[7]金永昌,刘美英,刘金善,等.复垦模式对采煤沉陷区土壤团聚体有机碳分布特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):105-109.Jin Yongchng,Liu Meiying,Liu Jinshan,et al.Effect of reclamation methods on organic carbon distribution in soil aggregatesin coalmining subsided field[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(11):105-109.
[8]李兵,李新举,刘雪冉.施用蘑菇料对煤矿区复垦土壤物理特性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):288-292.Li Bing,Li Xinju,Liu Xueran.The effects of using mushroom material on reclamation soil physical characteristic in coal mineral area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):288-292.
[9]Raj K,Shrestha,Rattan L.Land use impacts on physical properties of 28 years old reclaimed mine soils in Ohio[J].Plant and Soil,2008,306(1-2):249-260.
[10]Neto A L,Albuquerque J A,Almeida J A D,et al.Changes in soil physical properties of a coal mining site influenced by liming,poultry manure and revegetation[J].Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo,2008,32(4):1379-1388.
[11]Zhao W J,Cui Z,Ma H.Fractal features of soil particle-size distributions and their relationships with soil properties in gravel-mulched fields[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2017,10(9):211.
[12]桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,等.绿洲边缘不同土地利用方式下土壤粒径分布特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(1):22-28.Gui Dongwei,Lei Jiaqiang,Zeng Fanjiang,et al.Characteristics of soil particle size distribution in different land-use types of oasis rim[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(1):22-28.
[13]刘晓利,何园球,李成亮,等.不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):459-465.Liu Xiaoli,He Yuanqiu,Li Chengliang,et al.Distribution and soil physical properties of water-stable aggregates in red soils differentin land use and soil fer-tility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):459-465.
[14]Peng G,Xiang N,Lyu S Q,et al.Fractal characterization of soil particle-size distribution under different land-use patterns in the Yellow River Delta Wetland in China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(6):1116-1122.
[15]伏耀龙,张兴昌,王金贵.岷江上游干旱河谷土壤粒径分布分形维数特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):120-125.Fu Yaolong,Zhang Xingchang,Wang Jingui.Fractal dimension of soil particle-size distribution characteristicsin dry valley of upper Minjiang River[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(5):120-125.
[16]葛东媛,张洪江,郑国强,等.重庆四面山4种人工林地土壤粒径分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):148-151.Ge Dongyuan,Zhang Hongjiang,Zheng Guoqiang,et al.Fractal characteristics of particle-size in four plantation in Simian Mountain of Chongqing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(2):148-151.
[17]张秦岭,李占斌,徐国策,等.丹江鹦鹉沟小流域不同土地利用类型的粒径特征及土壤颗粒分形维数[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):244-249.Zhang Qinling,Li Zhanbing,Xu Guoce,et al.Soil Particle-size distribution and fractal dimension of different land use types in Yingwugou small watershed of dan river[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(2):244-249.
[18]Mohammadi J,Motaghian M H.Spatial prediction of soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon content at the catchment scale using geostatistical techniques[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(3):389-399.
[19]余健.高潜水位区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤碳库特征[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.Yu Jian.Carbon Library Characteristics of Reclaimed Soil in Coal Mining Subsidence Area with HighGround Water Level[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2014.
[20]张瑞虎,刘韬,黎兵.不同前处理方法和测量时间对泥炭中无机矿物颗粒粒度的影响[J].沉积学报,2011,29(2):374-380.Zhang Ruihu,Liu Tao,Li Bing.Influence of different pretreatment procedures and measuring timeon the mineral particle size of peaty sediments in the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(2):374-380.
[21]Tyler,Scott W,Wheatcraft S W.Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions:analysis and limitations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(2):362-369.
[22]杨培岭,罗远培.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1898.Yang Peiling,Luo Peiyuan.With the weight of the particle size distribution characterization of soil fractal characteristics[J].Chinese science bulletin,1993,38(20):1896-1898.
[23]周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979.Zhou Hu,Lyu Yizhong,Yang Zhichen,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates in Huabei Plain[J].China Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(9):1973-1979.
[24]王德,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤粒径分形分析--以黄土丘陵沟壑区为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(7):3081-3089.Wang De,Fu Bojie,Chen Liding,et al.Fractal analysis on soil particlesize distributions under different land-use types:a case study in the loess hilly areas of the Loess Plateau[J].China Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(7):3081-3089.
[25]苏永中,王芳,张智慧,等.河西走廊中段边缘绿洲农田土壤性状与团聚体特征[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(4):741-748.Su Yongzhong,Wang Fang,Zhang Zhihui,et al.Soil properties and soil aggregate characteristics in marginal farmlands of oasis in Middle Hexi Corridor Region[J].China Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(4):741-748.