儿童的注意研究——基于教育、心理与神经科学的整合视角
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摘要
注意是心理活动对一定对象的指向和集中。认知资源的有限性让我们从出生开始,就要学会怎样去合理分配资源、应对复杂环境中的多种刺激,这就需要注意的参与。注意力是人的心理活动指向和集中于某种事物的能力。对注意力的研究是教育、心理和神经科学共同关注的问题。从发展心理学和神经科学来看,个体早期的注意能力对认知能力的发展至关重要;而教育和临床研究指出,儿童阶段是个体注意力缺陷问题的高峰时期。伴随着教育神经科学的发展,注意力研究得到了进一步拓展,同时研究成果也在教育中得到了广泛应用。
Attention as a concept in cognitive psychology has been suggested as a process that selects out specific information among the world around us. Since its importance in information processing, the role of processing capacity needs to be focused.Limited cognitive capacity required that people should learn how to rationally allocate resources in complex situations and focus their attention and make choices. So, with higher attentional capacity, people may have better performance on capacity-demanding tasks.Researches about attentional capacity attracted considerable attention not only in psychology, but also in education and neuroscience.A view from developmental psychology and neurobiology suggested the vital role of earlier attentional capacity in cognitive development. And the researches about clinic-based education revealed the frequencies distribution of attentional deficit is more prevalent in earlier rather other ages. The emerging field of neuroeducation, concerning the interaction between brain, mind and education, is promoting the researches about attentional capacity, which has also been applied to improve children education in reverse.
Attention as a concept in cognitive psychology has been suggested as a process that selects out specific information among the world around us. Since its importance in information processing, the role of processing capacity needs to be focused.Limited cognitive capacity required that people should learn how to rationally allocate resources in complex situations and focus their attention and make choices. So, with higher attentional capacity, people may have better performance on capacity-demanding tasks.Researches about attentional capacity attracted considerable attention not only in psychology, but also in education and neuroscience.A view from developmental psychology and neurobiology suggested the vital role of earlier attentional capacity in cognitive development. And the researches about clinic-based education revealed the frequencies distribution of attentional deficit is more prevalent in earlier rather other ages. The emerging field of neuroeducation, concerning the interaction between brain, mind and education, is promoting the researches about attentional capacity, which has also been applied to improve children education in reverse.
引文
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