复杂区分层约束近地表建模方法及应用
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摘要
随着油气勘探程度的不断深入,岩性和低幅度构造越来越重要。就低幅度构造而言,除地层岩性固有因素外,长波长静校正是影响低幅度构造描述的关键因素。产生长波长静校正的主要原因是复杂地表区近地表速度结构建立的精度不够及降速层底界面的空间形态刻画不准。因此,采用分层约束的建模思路,首先用微测井资料建立低速层模型,然后用小折射、VSP资料联合建立降速层模型,获得全局寻优非线性层析反演的初始模型,进行分层约束层析反演近地表建模,建立高精度的近地表速度结构。基于VSP及实测井深约束,采用协克里金方法优化降速层底界面的空间形态。通过以上2种策略,很好地解决了复杂地表区长波长静校正问题,在准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷X地区岩性油气藏勘探中取得了很好的应用实效。
With the development of petroleum exploration,lithologic and low-relief structure reservoirs become more and more important. For low-relief structure,besides the inherent factor of stratigraphic lithology,the key factor that influences low-relief structures is the long-wavelength statics. The main reasons resulting in the longwavelength statics are the relative low precision of the near-surface velocity model and the inaccurate space depiction of low-velocity bottom interface in complex surface area. The near-surface velocity model was built using stratified constrained model building method. Firstly,the accurate low-velocity layer model was built using micrologging data,and then the descending-velocity layer model was built using short-refraction and vertical seismic profile(VSP)data,so as to obtain the initial model of global optimization nonlinear near-surface tomography. Nearsurface velocity model with high precision can be built by using the stratified constrained tomography method.Based on the VSP and measured well depth constraints,the space morphology of the interface of the descending-velocity layer was optimized by cokriging method. Through the above two strategies,the long-wavelength static correction problems in complex surface area were well solved,and good application results were achieved in litho-logic reservoir exploration in X area of Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin.
With the development of petroleum exploration,lithologic and low-relief structure reservoirs become more and more important. For low-relief structure,besides the inherent factor of stratigraphic lithology,the key factor that influences low-relief structures is the long-wavelength statics. The main reasons resulting in the longwavelength statics are the relative low precision of the near-surface velocity model and the inaccurate space depiction of low-velocity bottom interface in complex surface area. The near-surface velocity model was built using stratified constrained model building method. Firstly,the accurate low-velocity layer model was built using micrologging data,and then the descending-velocity layer model was built using short-refraction and vertical seismic profile(VSP)data,so as to obtain the initial model of global optimization nonlinear near-surface tomography. Nearsurface velocity model with high precision can be built by using the stratified constrained tomography method.Based on the VSP and measured well depth constraints,the space morphology of the interface of the descending-velocity layer was optimized by cokriging method. Through the above two strategies,the long-wavelength static correction problems in complex surface area were well solved,and good application results were achieved in litho-logic reservoir exploration in X area of Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin.
引文
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[15]王孝,贺振华,王述江,等.多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用.天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):316-320.WANG X,HE Z H,WANG S J,et al.Technology of static correction for multi information constrained tomographic inversion and its application.Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(2):316-320.
[16]刘振峰.油气地震地质模型述评.岩性油气藏,2018,30(1):19-29.LIU Z F.Review on oil and gas seismogeology models.Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(1):19-29.
[17]周志军,薛江龙,赵立斌.数值模拟拟合精度方法研究.岩性油气藏,2016,28(1):101-105.ZHOU Z J,XUE J L,ZHAO L B.Numerical simulation fitting technology:a case study from Longhupao Oilfield.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(1):101-105.
[2]祖云飞,冯泽元,李振华.长波长静校正问题的探讨和实例分析.天然气工业,2007,27(增刊1):195-198.ZU Y F,FENG Z Y,LI Z H.A long wave-length static correction study and example analysis.Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(Suppl 1):195-198.
[3]钟德盈.近地表模型静校正.石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(4):454-463.ZHONG D Y.Static correction using near surface model.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1992,27(4):454-463.
[4]林依华,张中杰,尹成,等.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优.地球物理学报,2003,46(1):101-106.LIN Y H,ZHANG Z J,YIN C,et al.Hybrid optimization of static estimation in complex topography.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):101-106.
[5]王志刚,刘志伟,王彦春,等.复杂近地表区综合长波长静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):480-485.WANG Z G,LIU Z W,WANG Y C,et al.An integrated longwavelength static correction method for complex near-surface area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):480-485.
[6]吴杰,苏勤,王建华.层析静校正技术在柴北缘地区的应用.岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):79-82.WU J,SU Q,WANG J H.Application of tomographic static correction in northern margin of Qaidam Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(3):79-82.
[7]戴云,张建中.长波长静校正问题的一种解决方法.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):315-325.DAI Y,ZHANG J Z.A method for long-wavelength static correction.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(3):315-325.
[8]张永峰,王鹏,张亚兵,等.基于变差函数的高精度静校正融合技术及其应用.岩性油气藏,2015,27(3):108-114.ZHANG Y F,WANG P,ZHANG Y B,et al.Research and application of high-precision merged static correction technology based on variogram.Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(3):108-114.
[9]商昌亮,付守献.黄土塬山地三维地震勘探应用实例.岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):106-110.SHANG C L,FU S X.Application of 3D seismic survey in loess tableland.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):106-110.
[10]AMORIM W N,HUBRAL P,TYGEL M.Computing field statics with the help of seismic tomography.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35:907-919.
[11]SQUIRES L J,BLAKESLEE S N,STOFFA P L.Effects of static on tomographic velocity reconstructions.Geophysics,1992,57:353-362.
[12]RAJASEKARAN S,MCMECHAN G A.Tomographic imaging of the spatial distribution of statics.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995,61(4):700-703.
[13]ZHANG J,TOKSOZ M N,Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomography.Geophysics,1998,63:1726-1737.
[14]李录明,罗省贤.复杂三维表层模型层析反演与静校正.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):636-641.LI L M,LUO S X.Tomographic inversion for 3-D complex near-surface model and static correction.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):636-641.
[15]王孝,贺振华,王述江,等.多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用.天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):316-320.WANG X,HE Z H,WANG S J,et al.Technology of static correction for multi information constrained tomographic inversion and its application.Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(2):316-320.
[16]刘振峰.油气地震地质模型述评.岩性油气藏,2018,30(1):19-29.LIU Z F.Review on oil and gas seismogeology models.Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(1):19-29.
[17]周志军,薛江龙,赵立斌.数值模拟拟合精度方法研究.岩性油气藏,2016,28(1):101-105.ZHOU Z J,XUE J L,ZHAO L B.Numerical simulation fitting technology:a case study from Longhupao Oilfield.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(1):101-105.