基于束偏移的地层倾角约束网格层析建模
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摘要
研究区深层构造复杂、缺少足够的地质信息及钻井资料、基于沿层层析无法建立准确速度模型。为了改善该区断块成像精度,进而落实构造圈闭,应用Tomogui叠前深度域网格层析速度建模和高斯束偏移成像。首先利用CVI(约束速度反演)方法获得平滑并符合地质特征的初始速度模型,进行高斯束体偏移;利用四维去噪技术优化处理成像道集,提高道集信噪比;在此基础上,直接进行基于道集数据驱动的网格层析反演,并利用地层倾角场约束网格层析反演过程。通过高斯束偏移与网格层析速度更新、迭代,采用深度域高斯束偏移成像明显改善了成像效果,查明了该区的断裂展布特征,断块型圈闭得到落实。
Deep complex structures of the study area lack geological understanding and drilling data,and the horizon-based tomography is unable to establish an accurate velocity model.In order to improve the imaging accuracy,we use a Gaussian beam based on grid tomography modeling tools provided by the GeoEast System.Firstly,we use constrained velocity inversion(CVI)to obtain a smooth initial velocity model,then a 4 Ddenoising technique is used to optimize CIP gathers to improve signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and to make sure that the residual depth difference is highly reliable.On this basis,formation dip constrained grid tomography modeling is directly conducted.The final Gaussian beam migration imaging is much improved with grid tomographic velocity update and iteration.Fracture distribution characteristics of the study are highlighted,and fault-block traps are depicted.
Deep complex structures of the study area lack geological understanding and drilling data,and the horizon-based tomography is unable to establish an accurate velocity model.In order to improve the imaging accuracy,we use a Gaussian beam based on grid tomography modeling tools provided by the GeoEast System.Firstly,we use constrained velocity inversion(CVI)to obtain a smooth initial velocity model,then a 4 Ddenoising technique is used to optimize CIP gathers to improve signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),and to make sure that the residual depth difference is highly reliable.On this basis,formation dip constrained grid tomography modeling is directly conducted.The final Gaussian beam migration imaging is much improved with grid tomographic velocity update and iteration.Fracture distribution characteristics of the study are highlighted,and fault-block traps are depicted.
引文
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[14] 肖艳玲,范旭,王晓涛,等.网格层析速度反演技术在齐古背斜叠前深度偏移中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):98-103.XIAO Yanling,FAN Xu,WANG Xiaotao,et al.Mesh tomographic velocity inversion for the prestack depth migration of the Qigu anticline[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):98-103.
[15] 王兆旗,叶月明,庄锡进,等.层控网格层析速度建模技术在陆上盐丘区的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(11):2070-2076.WANG Zhaoqi,YE Yueming,ZHUANG Xijin,et al.Application of layer-constrained grid tomographic velocity modeling in onshore salt domes area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(11):2070-2076.
[2] 张涛,王小卫,田彦灿,等.火成岩速度—深度模型建立方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(3):431-435.ZHANG Tao,WANG Xiaowei,TIAN Yancan,et al.Igneous rock velocity-depth model building[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(3):431-435.
[3] Kosloff D,Sherwood J,Koren Z,et al.Velocity and interface depth determination by tomography of depth migrated gathers[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5):1511-1523.
[4] 李慧,成德安,金婧.网格层析成像速度建模方法与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):12-16.LI Hui,CHENG Dean,JIN Jing.Velocity model building based on grid tomography[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S1):12-16.
[5] Hale N R.Pre-stack Gaussian-beam depth migration[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1240-1250.
[6] 黄建平,袁茂林,段新意,等.一种解耦的起伏地表弹性波高斯束偏移方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(3):460-468.HUANG Jianping,YUAN Maolin,DUAN Xinyi,et al.Decoupled elastic Gaussian beam migration for rugged topography[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(3):460-468.
[7] 徐嘉亮,周东红,贺电波,等.高精度深度域层析速度反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(4):737-744.XU Jialiang,ZHOU Donghong,HE Dianbo,et al.High-precision velocity tomography inversion in the depth domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(4):737-744.
[8] 王小卫,姚姚,刘文卿,等.波动方程叠前偏移在碳酸盐岩成像中的应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(5):874-877.WANG Xiaowei,YAO Yao,LIU Wenqing,et al.Application of wave equation prestack migration in carbonate imaging[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(5):874-877.
[9] 袁刚,冯心远,蒋波,等.约束层析反演及其在地震速度计算中的应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):55-59.YUAN Gang,FENG Xinyuan,JIANG Bo,et al.Constrained tomography inversion and its application in seismic velocity computation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):55-59.
[10] 马彦彦,李国发,张星宇,等.叠前深度偏移速度建模方法分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):687-693.MA Yanyan,LI Guofa,ZHANG Xingyu,et al.Strategy of velocity model building in prestack depth migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):687-693.
[11] 张红军,李庆忠,平俊彪,等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层叠前深度偏移成像分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):390-395.ZHANG Hongjun,LI Qingzhong,PING Junbiao,et al.Analysis of pre-stack depth migration for complex sub-salt structures[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):390-395.
[12] 杨午阳,张厚柱,撒利明,等.逆时偏移关键问题探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1251-1262.YANG Wuyang,ZHANG Houzhu,SA Liming,et al.Some issues about reverse time migration[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1251-1262.
[13] 韩建光,王赟,张晓波,等.VTI介质高斯束叠前深度偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(2):267-273.HAN Jianguang,WANG Yun,ZHANG Xiaobo,et al.Gaussian beam prestack depth migration in VTI media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(2):267-273.
[14] 肖艳玲,范旭,王晓涛,等.网格层析速度反演技术在齐古背斜叠前深度偏移中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):98-103.XIAO Yanling,FAN Xu,WANG Xiaotao,et al.Mesh tomographic velocity inversion for the prestack depth migration of the Qigu anticline[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):98-103.
[15] 王兆旗,叶月明,庄锡进,等.层控网格层析速度建模技术在陆上盐丘区的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(11):2070-2076.WANG Zhaoqi,YE Yueming,ZHUANG Xijin,et al.Application of layer-constrained grid tomographic velocity modeling in onshore salt domes area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(11):2070-2076.