全局分配策略在级联故障中的建模与研究
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摘要
现实情况中,遭到攻击的网络由于结构和功能发生改变,网络全局负载随之发生变化。基于此,文中级联故障模型舍弃传统的基于节点邻域或局域的负载局部分配策略,采用全局分配策略,定义正常节点的分配负载与距故障节点的最短路径长度成反比关系,采用"步长"刻画故障扩散快慢。仿真无标度网络、小世界网络和随机网络,网络节点的平均故障结果表明无标度网络的抵制故障能力较强;在全局分配策略较弱时,不同网络在同一容忍系数下取到不同步长最值;网络冗余度较低时,后续故障节点更倾向选择上一迭代中故障节点的非邻居节点。
In reality, the global loads of network usually alter when the structure and function of network change by a list of attacks. Based on this, the paper defines extra loads of the normal node inversely proportional to the distance of failure node and presents a new indicator named "diffusion step" to failure diffusion process, which uses the global allocation policy instead of neighbor or local feature of node. By simulating scale-free network, small-world network and random network, the average results of network show that the scale-free network has strong ability to resist failures. When the influence of global allocation policy is weak, the different networks achieve respective maximum of diffusion steps in the same tolerance coefficient. The following failed nodes prefer to select the non-neighbor nodes of the previous iteration of the failed nodes when the network redundancy is low.
In reality, the global loads of network usually alter when the structure and function of network change by a list of attacks. Based on this, the paper defines extra loads of the normal node inversely proportional to the distance of failure node and presents a new indicator named "diffusion step" to failure diffusion process, which uses the global allocation policy instead of neighbor or local feature of node. By simulating scale-free network, small-world network and random network, the average results of network show that the scale-free network has strong ability to resist failures. When the influence of global allocation policy is weak, the different networks achieve respective maximum of diffusion steps in the same tolerance coefficient. The following failed nodes prefer to select the non-neighbor nodes of the previous iteration of the failed nodes when the network redundancy is low.
引文
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[10]丁琳,张嗣瀛,鹿江春.加权无标度网络抵制级联失效的鲁棒性研究[J].计算机工程,2012,38(21):261-263.DING Lin,ZHANG Si-Ying,LU Jiang-Chun.Research on Robustness of Weighted Scale-free Network Against Cascading Failures.Computer Engineering,2012,38(21):261-263.
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[12]Barabási A L.Scale-free networks:a decade and beyond[J].Science(S1095-9203),2009,325(5939):412-413.
[13]Watts D J,Strogatz S H.Collective dynamics of‘small-world’networks[J].Nature,1998,393(6684):440-442.
[14]Erd?s P,Rényi A.On the evolution of random graphs[J].Publ.Math.Inst.Hungar.Acad.Sci.(S0302-9743),1960,5:17-61.
[2]Barabasi A L,Albert R.Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks[J].Science(S1095-9203),1999,286(5439):509-512.
[3]Motter A E,Ying-Cheng L.Cascade-based attacks on complex networks[J].Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear&Soft Matter Physics(S2470-0053),2003,66(6 Pt 2):129.
[4]Motter A E.Cascade control and defense in complex networks.[J].Physical Review Letters(S1079-7114),2004,93(9):098701.
[5]于凯,荣莉莉,王瑞锦,等.基于邻居节点平均度的级联故障袭击策略研究[J].电子科技大学学报,2014,43(6):917-922.YU Kai,RONG Li-li,WANG Rui-jin,et al.An Attack Strategy of Cascading Failures Based on NeighborNodes Average Degree[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2014,43(6):917-922.
[6]丁琳,张嗣瀛.加权无标度网络上级联动力学建模研究[J].系统仿真学报,2014,26(3):621-625.DING Lin,ZHANG Si-ying.Research on Model for Cascading Dynamics on Weighted Scale-free Networks[J].Journal of System Simulation,2014,26(3):621-625.
[7]陆靖桥,傅秀芬.基于社团理论的复杂网络级联故障模型[J].计算机应用,2015,35(8):2174-2177.LU Jingqiao,FU Xiufen.Cascading failure model based on community theory in complex network.Journal of Computer Applications,2015,35(8):2174-2177.
[8]Buldyrev S V,Parshani R,Paul G,et al.Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks.[C]//APSMarch Meeting 2010.American Physical Society,2010:1025.
[9]Alain B,Marc B,Alessandro V.Weighted evolving networks:coupling topology and weight dynamics[J].Physical Review Letters(S1079-7114),2004,92(22):228701.
[10]丁琳,张嗣瀛,鹿江春.加权无标度网络抵制级联失效的鲁棒性研究[J].计算机工程,2012,38(21):261-263.DING Lin,ZHANG Si-Ying,LU Jiang-Chun.Research on Robustness of Weighted Scale-free Network Against Cascading Failures.Computer Engineering,2012,38(21):261-263.
[11]Brummitt C D,Hines P D H,Ian D,et al.Transdisciplinary electric power grid science.[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(S1091-6490),2013,110(30):12159.
[12]Barabási A L.Scale-free networks:a decade and beyond[J].Science(S1095-9203),2009,325(5939):412-413.
[13]Watts D J,Strogatz S H.Collective dynamics of‘small-world’networks[J].Nature,1998,393(6684):440-442.
[14]Erd?s P,Rényi A.On the evolution of random graphs[J].Publ.Math.Inst.Hungar.Acad.Sci.(S0302-9743),1960,5:17-61.