高原核桃采穗圃营建技术试验
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摘要
为满足核桃良种推广需求,解决高原地区穗条成熟时间晚于嫁接时间的供需矛盾,以辽宁1号核桃良种建立采穗圃,研究了采穗母株截顶定干、短截促萌和肥水管理对穗条促成的影响。结果表明:采穗母树定植后截顶定干,萌芽率和成枝率分别可达83.45%和85.14%。第二年春季萌动时对主枝进行留桩15 cm短截,可作接穗枝的长度和比率分别达54.47 cm和89.43%。采穗前追施复合肥和氮肥2～3次以上,枝条长度可达121.67 cm,粗度达1.21 cm,可作接穗枝的长度达77.40 cm,每公顷产量达12 510条,穗条促成效果明显。对采穗圃中采穗母株产穗能力和穗条质量进行比较,明确了高原核桃采穗圃穗条促成条件。
In order to meet the demand for the fine breed promotion of walnut varieties,and to solve the contradiction between cuttings maturity and grafting time on the plateau area,a cutting nursery of Juglans regia cv. Liaoning No.1 was established. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of the top pruning of the mother plant,the branch top pruning,and fertilizer and water management on the promotion of walnut scions. The results showed that the budding rate and the branching rate were 83.45 % and 85.14 %,respectively. In the spring of the second year,the main branch was kept 15 cm long after cutting and pruning,and the length and ratio of the available cutting rate were 54.47 cm and 89.43 %,respectively. Before harvesting,the compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer were applied for 2-3 times,and the length of the branches was 121.67 cm and the thickness was1.21 cm. The length of the available cutting was 77.40 cm,and the yield per hectare was 12 510. The effect of the promotion of walnut scions was obvious. The cutting production ability and the quality of the cuttings were analyzed and compared,the conditions for the promotion of walnut scions in the plateau were determined.
In order to meet the demand for the fine breed promotion of walnut varieties,and to solve the contradiction between cuttings maturity and grafting time on the plateau area,a cutting nursery of Juglans regia cv. Liaoning No.1 was established. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of the top pruning of the mother plant,the branch top pruning,and fertilizer and water management on the promotion of walnut scions. The results showed that the budding rate and the branching rate were 83.45 % and 85.14 %,respectively. In the spring of the second year,the main branch was kept 15 cm long after cutting and pruning,and the length and ratio of the available cutting rate were 54.47 cm and 89.43 %,respectively. Before harvesting,the compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer were applied for 2-3 times,and the length of the branches was 121.67 cm and the thickness was1.21 cm. The length of the available cutting was 77.40 cm,and the yield per hectare was 12 510. The effect of the promotion of walnut scions was obvious. The cutting production ability and the quality of the cuttings were analyzed and compared,the conditions for the promotion of walnut scions in the plateau were determined.
引文
[1] 王乐辉,费世民,陈秀明,等.我国林木良种采穗圃创建技术研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2011,32(1):38-47.
[2] 勒栋梁,李永荣,彭方仁,等.薄壳山核桃采穗圃的构建与质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(2):134-140.
[3] 赵子忠.核桃采穗圃接穗产量的试验对比[J].中国林业,2012(6):51.
[4] 陈益泰.杉木采穗圃的树体管理和插条选择[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(6):611-618.
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[7] 薄颖生.西洛3号核桃采穗圃夏季摘心强度试验研究[J].林业实用技术,2014(12):11-13.
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[9] 华夏.修剪强度对核桃萌芽率和成枝率的影响[J].现代园艺,2015(2):11.
[10] 熊新武,李俊南,陈宏伟,等.美国山核桃采穗圃定干修剪试验初报[J].经济林研究,2011,29(3):191-123.
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[12] 王乐辉,费世民,陈秀明,等.我国林木采穗圃经营技术研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2011,32(3):52-59.
[13] 龙伟,姚小华,吕乐燕,等.修剪模式对油茶采穗圃穗条性状及矿质元素的影响[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(7):1468-1476.
[14] 周应书,刘崇欣,王敏.核桃采穗圃营建及穗条丰产措施的试验[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(3):98-100.
[15] 吴开志,肖千文,唐礼贵,等.修剪强度对早实核桃萌芽率和成枝力的影晌[J].北方园艺,2007(4):47-49.
[16] 马锡权,梁日高,刘一贞,等.改善湿加松采穗母株产量和质量的技术措施[J].林业科技通讯,2016(5):42-44.
[17] 粱坤南.柚木无性系促萌与采穗圃营建技术[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[2] 勒栋梁,李永荣,彭方仁,等.薄壳山核桃采穗圃的构建与质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(2):134-140.
[3] 赵子忠.核桃采穗圃接穗产量的试验对比[J].中国林业,2012(6):51.
[4] 陈益泰.杉木采穗圃的树体管理和插条选择[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(6):611-618.
[5] 朱之梯.树木无性繁殖与无性系育种[J].林业科学,1986,22(3):280-298.
[6] 种伟.我国核桃主要产区优势良种分布及其生产利用[J].林业科技通讯,2018(9):60-61.
[7] 薄颖生.西洛3号核桃采穗圃夏季摘心强度试验研究[J].林业实用技术,2014(12):11-13.
[8] 鲍晓红.厚皮香育苗方法及采穗圃营建技术研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[9] 华夏.修剪强度对核桃萌芽率和成枝率的影响[J].现代园艺,2015(2):11.
[10] 熊新武,李俊南,陈宏伟,等.美国山核桃采穗圃定干修剪试验初报[J].经济林研究,2011,29(3):191-123.
[11] 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所.薄壳山核桃采穗圃营建技术规程:LY/T 2433—2015[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[12] 王乐辉,费世民,陈秀明,等.我国林木采穗圃经营技术研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2011,32(3):52-59.
[13] 龙伟,姚小华,吕乐燕,等.修剪模式对油茶采穗圃穗条性状及矿质元素的影响[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(7):1468-1476.
[14] 周应书,刘崇欣,王敏.核桃采穗圃营建及穗条丰产措施的试验[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(3):98-100.
[15] 吴开志,肖千文,唐礼贵,等.修剪强度对早实核桃萌芽率和成枝力的影晌[J].北方园艺,2007(4):47-49.
[16] 马锡权,梁日高,刘一贞,等.改善湿加松采穗母株产量和质量的技术措施[J].林业科技通讯,2016(5):42-44.
[17] 粱坤南.柚木无性系促萌与采穗圃营建技术[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.