氮磷钾肥对食用向日葵产量性状和养分利用特性的影响
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摘要
文章分析了不同氮磷钾肥处理对向日葵产量性状及肥料利用效率的影响,旨在为向日葵最佳经济施肥提供科学依据。结果表明:从产量和经济效益综合考虑,食用向日葵N、P2O5、K2O的最佳经济用量分别为172.0,82.4,120.7 kg/hm2。氮磷钾肥对食用向日葵单盘粒重和籽仁率影响较小,花盘直径和百粒重是影响向日葵产量的主要因素。在阴山北麓膜下滴灌种植情况下,N2P2K2处理下,食用向日葵的氮肥利用率为37.7%,磷肥利用率为17.0%,钾肥利用率为38.0%。每生产100 kg向日葵籽实吸收N、P2O5、K2O分别为4.91,1.70,8.38 kg。
Based on the field experiments,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield characters and fertilizer utilization efficiency of sunflower were analyzed in order to provide the scientific basis for optimal development of the sunflower economy.The main results are as follows:Economically optimal rates of N,P2 O5,and K2 O should be 172.0 kg/hm2,82.4 kg/hm2,and 120.7 kg/hm2,respectively.Fertilization had little effect on disc grain weight and kernel rate of sunflower,while disc diameter and 100-grain weight of sunflower were the main factors affecting the yield of sunflower.The nutrient supply during bud stage is important to guarantee the nutrients needed for the development of the sunflower disk,while the nutrient supply during the grain filling period can ensure full seeds and increase grain weight of sunflower.Under the condition of optimal fertilization(N2 P2 K2) under drip irrigation under the sacred mountain,NUE of N,P2 O5,and K2 O was 37.7%,17.0%,and38.0%,respectively.We found that 100 kg of sunflower seed absorbs N,P2 O5,and K2 O in amounts of 4.91 kg,1.70 kg,and8.38 kg,respectively.
Based on the field experiments,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield characters and fertilizer utilization efficiency of sunflower were analyzed in order to provide the scientific basis for optimal development of the sunflower economy.The main results are as follows:Economically optimal rates of N,P2 O5,and K2 O should be 172.0 kg/hm2,82.4 kg/hm2,and 120.7 kg/hm2,respectively.Fertilization had little effect on disc grain weight and kernel rate of sunflower,while disc diameter and 100-grain weight of sunflower were the main factors affecting the yield of sunflower.The nutrient supply during bud stage is important to guarantee the nutrients needed for the development of the sunflower disk,while the nutrient supply during the grain filling period can ensure full seeds and increase grain weight of sunflower.Under the condition of optimal fertilization(N2 P2 K2) under drip irrigation under the sacred mountain,NUE of N,P2 O5,and K2 O was 37.7%,17.0%,and38.0%,respectively.We found that 100 kg of sunflower seed absorbs N,P2 O5,and K2 O in amounts of 4.91 kg,1.70 kg,and8.38 kg,respectively.
引文
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[11]张维琴,路立平,马彦昆,等.向日葵对氮、磷、钾营养素的吸收、运转和分配规律的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1998(4):62-64.
[12]王文军.施用氮、磷、钾肥对食用向日葵产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(8):40-44.
[2]段玉,妥德宝,张君,等.氮磷钾平衡施用对油用向日葵产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):767-771.
[3]杨海波,杨海明,孙国梁,等.阴山北麓节水灌溉马铃薯田氮素平衡研究[J].北方农业学报,2018,46(5):54-60.
[4]贾利欣,逯晓萍.内蒙古向日葵生产现状及发展方向[J].内蒙古农业科技,2004,32(S1):59-61.
[5]张立华,赵益平,张颖力,等.内蒙古向日葵生产现状及发展对策[J].内蒙古农业科技,2007,35(5):82-84.
[6]陈萍,何文寿,康永利,等.宁夏盐碱胁迫下油用向日葵吸肥规律研究进展[J].北方园艺,2012(1):188-191.
[7]刘润萍.盐碱地油葵综合丰产栽培技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2002(5):17-18.
[8]李庆文,魏亚范,尤宝庆,等.向日葵吸肥特征及其对肥料效应的研究[J].土壤通报,1984(2):76-77.
[9]黄仁洙,李国清,李庆文.氮、磷、钾营养对向日葵产量及品质影响的研究[J].中国油料,1985(4):50-53.
[10]段玉,妥德宝,赵沛义,等.河套灌区向日葵施肥肥效及最佳养分管理[C]∥中国农学会第四届全国农业环境科学峰会论文集.无锡:中国农业气象,2010:152-158.
[11]张维琴,路立平,马彦昆,等.向日葵对氮、磷、钾营养素的吸收、运转和分配规律的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1998(4):62-64.
[12]王文军.施用氮、磷、钾肥对食用向日葵产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(8):40-44.