氧化阶段混酸处理对多壁碳纳米管化学镀铜的影响
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摘要
采用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)表面均匀地镀覆纳米铜颗粒,研究混酸处理时间及混酸预处理对CNTs表面镀铜的影响。研究表明混酸处理主要对CNTs表面无定型碳层的剥离程度有一定影响,恰当的混酸处理时间可使CNTs表面的无定型碳层部分被剥离,从而达到良好的镀铜效果。混酸预处理对CNTs管壁有一定的腐蚀效果,但只有硫酸浓度达到一定值时才能对CNTs的管壁产生有效且显著的腐蚀,其临界值为HNO_3:H_2SO_4=1:3。当硫酸浓度低于这一临界值时只能有效清除CNTs表面的无定型碳层而不能对CNTs的管壁产生明显的腐蚀效果。本研究表明,采用HNO_3:H_2SO_4=3:1处理5 h可在CNTs管壁上镀覆均匀分布的纳米铜颗粒。
In this work, the nano-copper particles were coated on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) by electroless plating, and the effects of acid mixture time and pretreatment of acid mixture on the nano-Cu particles coated on MWCNTs were also investigated. The results show that the acid treatment time mainly affects the removing content of amorphous carbon layer that attached on the surface of the CNTs. The amorphous carbon layer can be partially corroded by appropriate acid treatment time and acquire perfect electroless plating results. Pretreatment of acid mixture has a corrosive influence on the C walls. When only the sulfuric acid concentration reaches the critical value, the C wall can be corroded seriously and notably. The critical value of HNO_3:H_2SO_4 is 1:3. If the concentration value of sulfuric acid is lower than the critical value, pretreatment of acid mixture can only corrode the amorphous carbon layer on the surface of MWCNTs, but cannot corrode the C wall obviously. This study demonstrated that the good dispersed nano-Cu particles coated on MWCNTs can be obtained after treated by sulfuric acid and nitric acid in ratio 1:3 for 5 h.
In this work, the nano-copper particles were coated on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) by electroless plating, and the effects of acid mixture time and pretreatment of acid mixture on the nano-Cu particles coated on MWCNTs were also investigated. The results show that the acid treatment time mainly affects the removing content of amorphous carbon layer that attached on the surface of the CNTs. The amorphous carbon layer can be partially corroded by appropriate acid treatment time and acquire perfect electroless plating results. Pretreatment of acid mixture has a corrosive influence on the C walls. When only the sulfuric acid concentration reaches the critical value, the C wall can be corroded seriously and notably. The critical value of HNO_3:H_2SO_4 is 1:3. If the concentration value of sulfuric acid is lower than the critical value, pretreatment of acid mixture can only corrode the amorphous carbon layer on the surface of MWCNTs, but cannot corrode the C wall obviously. This study demonstrated that the good dispersed nano-Cu particles coated on MWCNTs can be obtained after treated by sulfuric acid and nitric acid in ratio 1:3 for 5 h.
引文
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[3]ZHOU Weiwei,YAMAGUCHI T,KIKUCHI K,et al.Effectively enhanced load transfer by interfacial reactions in multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced Al matrix composites[J].Acta Materialia,2017,125:369-376.
[4]WANG Hu,ZHANG Zhaohui,ZHANG Hongmei,et al.Novel synthesizing and characterization of copper matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2017,696:80-89.
[5]ALIZADEH SAHRAEI A,FATHI A,BESHARATI GIVI M K,et al.Fabricating and improving properties of copper matrix nanocomposites by electroless copper-coated MWCNTs[J].Applied Physics A,2014,116(4):1677-1686.
[6]WANG Feng,ARAI S,ENDO M.Metallization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with copper by an electroless deposition process[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2004,6(10):1042-1044.
[7]DELPEUX S,MéTéNIER K,BENOIT R,et al.Functionalisation of carbon nanotubes for composites[J].American Institute of Physics,1999,486:470-473.
[8]QU Zehua,WANG Guojian.Effective chemical oxidation on the structure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2012,12(1):105-111.
[9]WEPASNICK K A,SMITH B A,SCHROTE K E,et al.Surface and structural characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes following different oxidative treatments[J].Carbon,2011,49(1):24-36.
[10]WANG Hongjuan,ZHOU Ailin,PENG Feng,et al.Mechanism study on adsorption of acidified multiwalled carbon nanotubes to Pb(II)[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2007,316(2):277-83.
[11]MACIEJEWSKA B M,JASIURKOWSKA-DELAPORTE M,VASYLENKO A I,et al.Experimental and theoretical studies on the mechanism for chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].RSC Advances,2014,4:28826-28831.
[12]PARK M,KIM B-H,KIM S,et al.Improved binding between copper and carbon nanotubes in a composite using oxygencontaining functional groups[J].Carbon,2011,49(3):811-818.
[13]WEPASNICK K A,SMITH B A,BITTER J L,et al.Chemical and structural characterization of carbon nanotube surfaces[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2010,396(3):1003-1014.
[14]DATSYUK V,KALYVA M,PAPAGELIS K,et al.Chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Carbon,2008,46(6):833-840.
[15]DRESSELHAUS M S,JORIO A,SOUZA FILHO A G,et al.Defect characterization in graphene and carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy[J].Philosophical Transactions Series A,Mathematical,Physical,and Engineering Sciences,2010,368(1932):5355-5377.
[16]ANG L M,HOR T S A,XU G Q,et al.Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes with copper and nickel[J].Carbon,2000,38:363-372.
[17]SILVAIN J F,VINCENT C,HEINTZ J M,et al.Novel processing and characterization of Cu/CNF nanocomposite for high thermal conductivity applications[J].Composites Science and Technology,2009,69(14):2474-2484.
[18]SHAO L,TOBIAS G,SALZMANN C G,et al.Removal of amorphous carbon for the efficient sidewall functionalisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Chemical Communications,2007,47:5090-5092.
[19]RINALDI A,FRANK B,SU D S,et al.Facile removal of amorphous carbon from carbon nanotubes by sonication[J].Chemistry of Materials,2011,23(4):926-928.
[20]CHO S,KIKUCHI K,KAWASAKI A.On the role of amorphous intergranular and interfacial layers in the thermal conductivity of a multi-walled carbon nanotube–copper matrix composite[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(2):726-736.