穿越软硬突变地层盾构隧道纵向地震响应振动台试验研究
|
摘要
为探讨穿越软硬突变地层盾构隧道纵向地震响应特性,基于纵向等效刚度模型,开展几何相似比为1∶40的振动台模型试验,研究软硬突变地层加速度以及隧道结构加速度、应变响应频谱特性,并采用数值模拟手段对试验结果进行验证。试验及计算结果显示:软硬突变地层及赋存其中的隧道结构加速度响应频谱曲线吻合较好,均表现出"双卓越频率"现象;输入地震频率接近坚硬地层主频时,软硬突变地层加速度放大倍率随埋深减小不再单调递增;软硬突变地层中结构应变显著增大,最大应变出现在地层软硬交界面软土一侧,隧道纵向应变增大区域分布于软硬地层交界面两侧2.5~3.5倍隧道直径范围内;应变响应从大到小依次为拱顶、拱底、拱腰,地层突变处隧道断面顶底应变差以及两侧拱腰应变差较均匀地层显著增大,软硬突变地层不仅增大了隧道纵向内力,也改变了其纵向整体弯曲方向。研究结果将为进一步揭示盾构隧道纵向地震响应特性及盾构隧道纵向抗、减震设计提供有益参考。
In order to investigate the seismic response of shield tunnels in the longitudinal direction cross the soft-hard stratum junction,a set of shaking table tests with geometric similarity ratio 1∶40 were carried out based on the equivalent longitudinal stiffness model. The spectrum of the acceleration response for both the strata and the tunnel structure were studied as well as that for the tunnel strain. The test results were compared with the numerically calculated ones. The results show that the spectrum properties of the acceleration response for the soft-hard junction stratum and the tunnel coincide with each other well,and both exhibit the double predominant frequency. As the depth of the soft-hard junction stratum decreases, the acceleration does not increase monotonically when the excitation earthquake frequency approaches the predominant frequency of hard stratum. The strain of the tunnel in the soft-hard junction stratum increases significantly and the maximum strain occurs on the soft side of this stratum. The enlarged longitudinal strain area of the tunnel distributes within the scope of 2.5–3.5 times of the tunnel diameter on both sides of the strata interface. The strain of the tunnel in each cross section arranges in a descending order as crown arch,inverted arch and side-walls. The strain difference between the crown and inverted arch as well as between the side-walls increases obviously compared to that in the uniform stratum. The soft-hard stratum junction not only enlarges the longitudinal internal force of the tunnel but also alteres its longitudinal bending direction.
In order to investigate the seismic response of shield tunnels in the longitudinal direction cross the soft-hard stratum junction,a set of shaking table tests with geometric similarity ratio 1∶40 were carried out based on the equivalent longitudinal stiffness model. The spectrum of the acceleration response for both the strata and the tunnel structure were studied as well as that for the tunnel strain. The test results were compared with the numerically calculated ones. The results show that the spectrum properties of the acceleration response for the soft-hard junction stratum and the tunnel coincide with each other well,and both exhibit the double predominant frequency. As the depth of the soft-hard junction stratum decreases, the acceleration does not increase monotonically when the excitation earthquake frequency approaches the predominant frequency of hard stratum. The strain of the tunnel in the soft-hard junction stratum increases significantly and the maximum strain occurs on the soft side of this stratum. The enlarged longitudinal strain area of the tunnel distributes within the scope of 2.5–3.5 times of the tunnel diameter on both sides of the strata interface. The strain of the tunnel in each cross section arranges in a descending order as crown arch,inverted arch and side-walls. The strain difference between the crown and inverted arch as well as between the side-walls increases obviously compared to that in the uniform stratum. The soft-hard stratum junction not only enlarges the longitudinal internal force of the tunnel but also alteres its longitudinal bending direction.
引文
[1]川島一彦.地下構造物の耐震設計[M].東京:鹿島出版会,1994:3–5.
[2]赵武胜,何先志,陈卫忠,等.盾构隧道与竖井连接处管片及接头震害分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 847–3 854.(ZHAO Wusheng,HE Xianzhi,CHEN Weizhong,et al.Analysis of seismic damage of segments and joints at the junction of shield tunnel and shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,31(Supp.2):3 847–3 854.(in Chinese))
[3]HE C,GENG P,YAN Q X,et al.Status of seismic analysis methods for traffic tunnel and their applicability suggestions in China[J].Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,2013,7(3):1350026.1–1350026.23.
[4]刘学山.盾构隧道的纵向抗震分析研究[J].地下空间,2003,23(2):166–172,226.(LIU Xueshan.Analysis and study of longitudinal earthquake resistance of shield tunnel[J].Underground Space,2003,23(2):166–172,226.(in Chinese))
[5]蒋建群,卢慈荣,沈林冲.盾构法隧道纵向非线性地震响应特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(2):10–15.(JIANG Jianqun,LU Cirong,SHEN Linchong.Research on longitudinal nonlinear seismic response of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(2):10–15.(in Chinese))
[6]耿萍,何川,晏启祥.盾构隧道纵向地震响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(3):283–287.(GENG Ping,HE Chuan,YAN Qixiang.Analysis if longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(3):283–287.(in Chinese))
[7]赵伯明,苏彦.盾构隧道的纵向地震响应[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(5):59–64.(ZHAO Boming,SU Yan.The longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(5):59–64.(in Chinese))
[8]邵润萌,雷扬.基于反应位移法的盾构隧道纵向抗震分析[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(增2):260–265.(SHAO Runmeng,LEI Yang.Longitudinal anti-seismic analysis of shield tunnel based on response deformation method[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(Supp.2):260–265.(in Chinese))
[9]何川,郭瑞,肖明清,等.铁路盾构隧道单、双层衬砌纵向力学性能的模型试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(增3):40–46.(HE Chuan,GUO Rui,XIAO Mingqing,et al.Model test on longitudinal mechanical properties of single and double layered linings for railway shield tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(Supp.3):40–46.(in Chinese))
[10]叶飞,杨鹏博,毛家骅,等.基于模型试验的盾构隧道纵向刚度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(1):83–90.(YE Fei,YANG Pengbo,MAO Jiahua,et al.Longitudinal rigidity of shield tunnels based on model tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(1):83–90.(in Chinese))
[11]日本土木学会.隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说[M].朱伟,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:84–85.(JSCE.Tunnel standard specification and explanation(shield tunnel)[M].Translated by ZHU Wei.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2011:84–85.(in Chinese))
[12]黄宏伟,臧小龙.盾构隧道纵向变形性态研究分析[J].地下空间,2002,22(3):244–251.(HUANG Hongwei,ZANG Xiaolong.Research and analysis of longitudinal deformation characteristics of shield tunnel[J].Underground Space,2002,22(3):244–251.(in Chinese))
[13]廖少明,侯学渊,彭芳乐.隧道纵向剪切传递效应及其一维解析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1 110–1 116.(LIAO Shaoming,HOU Xueyuan,PENG Fangle.Longitudinal shear transfer of tunnel and its 1D analytical solution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1 110–1 116.(in Chinese))
[14]李围.盾构隧道管片衬砌结构纵向刚度问题初步研究[J].铁道工程学报,2008,(5):63–65.(LI Wei.Study on the longitudinal rigidity of segment lining of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008,(5):63–65.(in Chinese))
[15]李林,何川,耿萍,等.浅埋偏压洞口段隧道地震响应振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2 540–2 548.(LI Lin,HE Chuan,GENG Ping,et al.Study of shake table model test for seismic response of portal section of shallow unsymmetrical loading tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2 540–2 548.(in Chinese))
[16]耿萍,何悦,何川,等.穿越断层破碎带隧道动力响应特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1 406–1 413.(GENG Ping,HE Yue,HE Chuan,et al.Research on reasonable aseismic fortified length for tunnel through fault fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1 406–1 413.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 1040—2006塑料拉伸性能的测定[S].北京:国家质检总局,2006.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB/T 1040—2006Determination of tensile properties[S].Beijing:General Administration of Quality Supervision,2006.(in Chinese))
[18]陈厚群.论核电站设备的抗震鉴定试验规程[J].世界地震工程.1990,(2):11–24.(CHEN Houqun.Nuclear power plant equipment seismic evaluation test procedures[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1990,(2):11–24.(in Chinese))
[19]杨国林,申权,杨啸,等.基覆边坡支挡结构的加速度放大系数数值与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):374–381.(YANG Guolin,SHEN Quan,YANG Xiao,et al.Numerical and experimental study on amplification coefficient of acceleration of retaining structures of bedrock and overburden layer slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):374–381.(in Chinese))
[20]HE Chuan,KOIZUMI A.Seismic behavior in longitudinal direction of shield tunnel located at irregular ground[C]//Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics.Seoul,Korea:[s.n.],1999:1 493–1 498.
[21]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50909—2014城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB50909—2014 Code for seismic design of urban rail transit structures[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[2]赵武胜,何先志,陈卫忠,等.盾构隧道与竖井连接处管片及接头震害分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 847–3 854.(ZHAO Wusheng,HE Xianzhi,CHEN Weizhong,et al.Analysis of seismic damage of segments and joints at the junction of shield tunnel and shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,31(Supp.2):3 847–3 854.(in Chinese))
[3]HE C,GENG P,YAN Q X,et al.Status of seismic analysis methods for traffic tunnel and their applicability suggestions in China[J].Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,2013,7(3):1350026.1–1350026.23.
[4]刘学山.盾构隧道的纵向抗震分析研究[J].地下空间,2003,23(2):166–172,226.(LIU Xueshan.Analysis and study of longitudinal earthquake resistance of shield tunnel[J].Underground Space,2003,23(2):166–172,226.(in Chinese))
[5]蒋建群,卢慈荣,沈林冲.盾构法隧道纵向非线性地震响应特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(2):10–15.(JIANG Jianqun,LU Cirong,SHEN Linchong.Research on longitudinal nonlinear seismic response of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(2):10–15.(in Chinese))
[6]耿萍,何川,晏启祥.盾构隧道纵向地震响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(3):283–287.(GENG Ping,HE Chuan,YAN Qixiang.Analysis if longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(3):283–287.(in Chinese))
[7]赵伯明,苏彦.盾构隧道的纵向地震响应[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(5):59–64.(ZHAO Boming,SU Yan.The longitudinal seismic response of shield tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(5):59–64.(in Chinese))
[8]邵润萌,雷扬.基于反应位移法的盾构隧道纵向抗震分析[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(增2):260–265.(SHAO Runmeng,LEI Yang.Longitudinal anti-seismic analysis of shield tunnel based on response deformation method[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(Supp.2):260–265.(in Chinese))
[9]何川,郭瑞,肖明清,等.铁路盾构隧道单、双层衬砌纵向力学性能的模型试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(增3):40–46.(HE Chuan,GUO Rui,XIAO Mingqing,et al.Model test on longitudinal mechanical properties of single and double layered linings for railway shield tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(Supp.3):40–46.(in Chinese))
[10]叶飞,杨鹏博,毛家骅,等.基于模型试验的盾构隧道纵向刚度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(1):83–90.(YE Fei,YANG Pengbo,MAO Jiahua,et al.Longitudinal rigidity of shield tunnels based on model tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(1):83–90.(in Chinese))
[11]日本土木学会.隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说[M].朱伟,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:84–85.(JSCE.Tunnel standard specification and explanation(shield tunnel)[M].Translated by ZHU Wei.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2011:84–85.(in Chinese))
[12]黄宏伟,臧小龙.盾构隧道纵向变形性态研究分析[J].地下空间,2002,22(3):244–251.(HUANG Hongwei,ZANG Xiaolong.Research and analysis of longitudinal deformation characteristics of shield tunnel[J].Underground Space,2002,22(3):244–251.(in Chinese))
[13]廖少明,侯学渊,彭芳乐.隧道纵向剪切传递效应及其一维解析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1 110–1 116.(LIAO Shaoming,HOU Xueyuan,PENG Fangle.Longitudinal shear transfer of tunnel and its 1D analytical solution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1 110–1 116.(in Chinese))
[14]李围.盾构隧道管片衬砌结构纵向刚度问题初步研究[J].铁道工程学报,2008,(5):63–65.(LI Wei.Study on the longitudinal rigidity of segment lining of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008,(5):63–65.(in Chinese))
[15]李林,何川,耿萍,等.浅埋偏压洞口段隧道地震响应振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2 540–2 548.(LI Lin,HE Chuan,GENG Ping,et al.Study of shake table model test for seismic response of portal section of shallow unsymmetrical loading tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2 540–2 548.(in Chinese))
[16]耿萍,何悦,何川,等.穿越断层破碎带隧道动力响应特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1 406–1 413.(GENG Ping,HE Yue,HE Chuan,et al.Research on reasonable aseismic fortified length for tunnel through fault fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1 406–1 413.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 1040—2006塑料拉伸性能的测定[S].北京:国家质检总局,2006.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB/T 1040—2006Determination of tensile properties[S].Beijing:General Administration of Quality Supervision,2006.(in Chinese))
[18]陈厚群.论核电站设备的抗震鉴定试验规程[J].世界地震工程.1990,(2):11–24.(CHEN Houqun.Nuclear power plant equipment seismic evaluation test procedures[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1990,(2):11–24.(in Chinese))
[19]杨国林,申权,杨啸,等.基覆边坡支挡结构的加速度放大系数数值与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):374–381.(YANG Guolin,SHEN Quan,YANG Xiao,et al.Numerical and experimental study on amplification coefficient of acceleration of retaining structures of bedrock and overburden layer slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):374–381.(in Chinese))
[20]HE Chuan,KOIZUMI A.Seismic behavior in longitudinal direction of shield tunnel located at irregular ground[C]//Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics.Seoul,Korea:[s.n.],1999:1 493–1 498.
[21]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50909—2014城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB50909—2014 Code for seismic design of urban rail transit structures[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2014.(in Chinese))