空地多视角影像的古村落三维重建应用
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摘要
针对古村落对三维实景模型的高精度、精细化真实还原需求,该文设计了一种基于影像进行三维实景重建的技术方法。采用多旋翼无人机和手持三轴云台相机分别采集低空和地面的多视角影像,通过Context Capture软件对来自地面、低空的多视角影像分别进行空中三角测量和区块合并,实现了地面、低空多视角影像的集成,并进行三维实景建模。该方法应用于东莞市南社古村落的三维实景建模工作中,结果表明,该方法建模成果的几何精度和纹理贴图满足相关规范要求,适用于大型文化遗产的三维实景建模。该方法充分利用低空和地面不同位置的视角的优势,能够为大型文化遗产采集较为完整的影像信息,在构建高精度、还原效果好的三维实景模型方面具有明显的优势。
Aiming at 3 Dreal remodeling for historical building groups in ancient villages with high precision and fine real reduction,a technology process based on images technology for 3 Dreal remodeling was put forward in this paper.During the image collecting,low altitude multi-view images were collected by multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and ground multi-view images were collected by three-axis handheld stabilized camera.In the technology process,firstly,images from low attitude and ground went through aero triangulation respectively and the productions of aero triangulation were merged into a same spatial block by Context Capture for high precision exterior orientation;secondly,based on the exterior orientation,Context Capture conduct 3 Dreal remodeling process,in which contained dense image matching,colored point cloud generating,point cloud optimization,triangulated irregular network(TIN)generating and texture mapping.This technology process applied in the 3 Dreal remodeling of Nanshe historical villages in Dongguan and the precision of production was evaluated by geometry measurement.In the 3 Dreal modeling results of large cultural heritage,preliminary experiments showed that the precision of geometry and the spatial resolution of texture mapping met relevant specification requirements.Therefore,this technology process made full use of the advantages of different position of the ground and low altitude,and it was able to collect more complete image information for large cultural heritage with obvious advantages in building a 3 Dreal scene model in high accuracy and good recovery.
Aiming at 3 Dreal remodeling for historical building groups in ancient villages with high precision and fine real reduction,a technology process based on images technology for 3 Dreal remodeling was put forward in this paper.During the image collecting,low altitude multi-view images were collected by multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and ground multi-view images were collected by three-axis handheld stabilized camera.In the technology process,firstly,images from low attitude and ground went through aero triangulation respectively and the productions of aero triangulation were merged into a same spatial block by Context Capture for high precision exterior orientation;secondly,based on the exterior orientation,Context Capture conduct 3 Dreal remodeling process,in which contained dense image matching,colored point cloud generating,point cloud optimization,triangulated irregular network(TIN)generating and texture mapping.This technology process applied in the 3 Dreal remodeling of Nanshe historical villages in Dongguan and the precision of production was evaluated by geometry measurement.In the 3 Dreal modeling results of large cultural heritage,preliminary experiments showed that the precision of geometry and the spatial resolution of texture mapping met relevant specification requirements.Therefore,this technology process made full use of the advantages of different position of the ground and low altitude,and it was able to collect more complete image information for large cultural heritage with obvious advantages in building a 3 Dreal scene model in high accuracy and good recovery.
引文
[1]王莫.三维激光扫描技术在故宫古建修缮工程中的应用研究[J].世界建筑,2010(9):146-147.(WANG Mo.The application of 3Dlaser scanning technology in the historic architectural restoration of the Palace Museum[J].World Architecture,2010(9):146-147.)
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[4]索俊锋,刘勇,蒋志勇,等.基于三维激光扫描点云数据的古建筑建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(3):179-185.(SUO Junfeng,LIU Yong,JIANG Zhiyong,et al.Modeling of ancient building based on 3Dlaser scanning point cloud data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(3):179-185.)
[5]孙文潇,王健,刘春晓.三维激光扫描在古建筑测绘中的应用[J].测绘科学,2016,41(12):297-301.(SUNWenxiao,WANG Jian,LIU Chunxiao.Application of3Dlaser scanning in ancient architecture surveying[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(12):297-301.)
[6]曹良中,陈曦,杨辽,等.基于倾斜影像的三维城市自动建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(1):124-130,149.(CAO Liangzhong,CHEN Xi,YANG Liao,et al.Automated three-dimensional urban modeling and accuracy evaluation using terabyte oblique aerial images[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(1):124-130,149.)
[7]黄健,王继.多视角影像自动化实景三维建模的生产与应用[J].测绘通报,2016(4):75-78.(HUANG Jian,WANG Ji.Production and application of automatic real 3Dmodeling of multi-view images[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(4):75-78.)
[8]李德仁,肖雄武,郭丙轩,等.倾斜影像自动空三及其在城市真三维模型重建中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2016,41(6):711-721.(LI Deren,XIAOXiongwu,GUO Bingxuan,et al.Oblique image based automatic aerotriangulation and its application in 3Dcity model reconstruction[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2016,41(6):711-721.)
[9]曲林,冯洋,支玲美,等.基于无人机倾斜摄影数据的实景三维建模研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015,38(3):38-39,43.(QU Lin,FENG Yang,ZHI Lingmei.Study on real 3D modeling of photographic data based on UAV[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2015,38(3):38-39,43.)
[10]史华林.无人机航测系统在公路带状地形测量中的应用[J].测绘通报,2014(6):60-62.(SHI Hualin.Application of UAV aerophotographic system in highway strip topographic survey[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2014(6):60-62.)
[11]王建强,钟春惺,江丽钧,等.基于多视航空影像的城市三维建模方法[J].测绘科学,2014,39(3):70-74.(WANG Jianqiang,ZHONG Chunxing,JIANG Lijun,et al.3Dcity modeling construction based on multiview aerial images[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2014,39(3):70-74.)
[12]周晓敏,孟晓林,张雪萍,等.倾斜摄影测量的城市真三维模型构建方法[J].测绘科学,2016,41(9):159-163.(ZHOU Xiaomin,MENG Xiaolin,ZHANGXueping,et al.A method for urban real 3D model building based on oblique photogrammetry[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(9):159-163.)
[13]于丙辰,陈刚,段淼然,等.无人机遥感在大型不可移动文物三维重建中的应用[J].测绘通报,2017(5):43-46,61.(YU Bingchen,CHEN Gang,DUAN Miaoran,et al.UAV RS applied in 3Dreconstruction of huge immovable cultural relics[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2017(5):43-46,61.)
[14]杨育桢.数字近景摄影测量在古文物三维重建中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.(YANGYuzhen.The study of the application of the digital close-range photogrammetry in 3D reconstruction of cultural relics[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012.)
[15]ALSADIK B,GERKE M,VOSSELMAN G.Automated camera network design for 3Dmodeling of cultural heritage objects[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2013,14(6):515-526.
[16]LOUISET T,PAMART A,GATTET E,et al.Ashape-adjusted tridimensional reconstruction of cultural heritage artifacts using a miniature quadrotor[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(10):858.
[17]陈斯亮.UAV航测结合三维激光扫描的古栈道测绘建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(8):152-156.(CHENSiliang.Application of UAV aerophotography and TLS in surveying and modeling of ancient gallery road[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(8):152-156.)
[18]SANTOSO F,GARRATT M A,PICKERING M R,et al.3D Mapping for visualization of rigid structures:a review and comparative study[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2015,16(6):1484-1507.
[19]闫利,曹亮,谢洪,等.车载全景影像与激光点云融合生成彩色点云方案[J].测绘科学,2015,40(9):111-114.(YAN Li,CAO Liang,XIE Hong,et al.Generation of colored point cloud by fusion of vehicle-borne panoramic images and LiDAR point clouds[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(9):111-114.)
[20]JIANG S,JIANG W,HUANG W,et al.UAV-based oblique photogrammetry for outdoor data acquisition and offsite visual inspection of transmission line[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(3):278.
[21]王柳,黄鹤,李若鹏,等.消费级无人机倾斜影像采集关键技术研究[J].测绘通报,2017,42(S1):41-45.(WANG Liu,HUANG He,LI Ruopeng,et al.Study on key technology of oblique image acquisition for consumer unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(S1):41-45.)
[22]吴波涛,张煜,李凌霄,等.基于多旋翼单镜头无人机的三维建模技术[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(11):99-103,115.(WU Botao,ZHANG Yu,LI Lingxiao,et al.Key technology of oblique images acquisition using single-lens multicopter[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(11):99-103,115.)
[23]张永军,张勇.大重叠度影像的相对定向与前方交会精度分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(2):126-130.(ZHANG Yongjun,ZHANG Yong.Analysis of precision of relative orientation and forward intersection with high-overlap images[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(2):126-130.)
[24]邓非,张祖勋,张剑清.利用激光扫描和数码相机进行古建筑三维重建研究[J].测绘科学,2007,32(2):29-30.(DENG Fei,ZHANG Zuxun,ZHANG Jianqing.3Dreconstruction of old architecture by laser scanner and digital camera[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007,32(2):29-30.)
[25]SUN Y,ZHAO L,HUANG S,et al.L2-SIFT:SIFTfeature extraction and matching for large images in large-scale aerial photogrammetry[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2014,91:1-16.
[26]李莹,林宗坚,苏国中.多视影像的城市实景三维生产关键技术[J].遥感信息,2017,32(1):35-39.(LI Ying,LIN Zongjian,SU Guozhong.Key technology of production of city real 3Dimages[J].Remote Sensing Information,2017,32(1):35-39.)
[27]王佩军,徐亚明.摄影测量学[M].3版.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2016.(WANG Peijun,XU Yaming.Photogrammetry[M].3rd ed.Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2016.)
[2]吴育华,王金华,侯妙乐,等.三维激光扫描技术在岩土文物保护中的应用[J].文物保护与考古科学,2011,23(4):104-110.(WU Yuhua,WANG Jinhua,HOUMiaole,et al.The application of 3-D laser scanning to the conservation of stone cultural relics[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2011,23(4):104-110.)
[3]余明,丁辰,过静珺.激光三维扫描技术用于古建筑测绘的研究[J].测绘科学,2004,29(5):69-70.(YUMing,DING Chen,GUO Jingjun.Research on mapping of ancient architecture based on laser 3-dimension scanning technology[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2004,29(5):69-70.)
[4]索俊锋,刘勇,蒋志勇,等.基于三维激光扫描点云数据的古建筑建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(3):179-185.(SUO Junfeng,LIU Yong,JIANG Zhiyong,et al.Modeling of ancient building based on 3Dlaser scanning point cloud data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(3):179-185.)
[5]孙文潇,王健,刘春晓.三维激光扫描在古建筑测绘中的应用[J].测绘科学,2016,41(12):297-301.(SUNWenxiao,WANG Jian,LIU Chunxiao.Application of3Dlaser scanning in ancient architecture surveying[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(12):297-301.)
[6]曹良中,陈曦,杨辽,等.基于倾斜影像的三维城市自动建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(1):124-130,149.(CAO Liangzhong,CHEN Xi,YANG Liao,et al.Automated three-dimensional urban modeling and accuracy evaluation using terabyte oblique aerial images[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(1):124-130,149.)
[7]黄健,王继.多视角影像自动化实景三维建模的生产与应用[J].测绘通报,2016(4):75-78.(HUANG Jian,WANG Ji.Production and application of automatic real 3Dmodeling of multi-view images[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(4):75-78.)
[8]李德仁,肖雄武,郭丙轩,等.倾斜影像自动空三及其在城市真三维模型重建中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2016,41(6):711-721.(LI Deren,XIAOXiongwu,GUO Bingxuan,et al.Oblique image based automatic aerotriangulation and its application in 3Dcity model reconstruction[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2016,41(6):711-721.)
[9]曲林,冯洋,支玲美,等.基于无人机倾斜摄影数据的实景三维建模研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015,38(3):38-39,43.(QU Lin,FENG Yang,ZHI Lingmei.Study on real 3D modeling of photographic data based on UAV[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2015,38(3):38-39,43.)
[10]史华林.无人机航测系统在公路带状地形测量中的应用[J].测绘通报,2014(6):60-62.(SHI Hualin.Application of UAV aerophotographic system in highway strip topographic survey[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2014(6):60-62.)
[11]王建强,钟春惺,江丽钧,等.基于多视航空影像的城市三维建模方法[J].测绘科学,2014,39(3):70-74.(WANG Jianqiang,ZHONG Chunxing,JIANG Lijun,et al.3Dcity modeling construction based on multiview aerial images[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2014,39(3):70-74.)
[12]周晓敏,孟晓林,张雪萍,等.倾斜摄影测量的城市真三维模型构建方法[J].测绘科学,2016,41(9):159-163.(ZHOU Xiaomin,MENG Xiaolin,ZHANGXueping,et al.A method for urban real 3D model building based on oblique photogrammetry[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(9):159-163.)
[13]于丙辰,陈刚,段淼然,等.无人机遥感在大型不可移动文物三维重建中的应用[J].测绘通报,2017(5):43-46,61.(YU Bingchen,CHEN Gang,DUAN Miaoran,et al.UAV RS applied in 3Dreconstruction of huge immovable cultural relics[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2017(5):43-46,61.)
[14]杨育桢.数字近景摄影测量在古文物三维重建中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.(YANGYuzhen.The study of the application of the digital close-range photogrammetry in 3D reconstruction of cultural relics[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012.)
[15]ALSADIK B,GERKE M,VOSSELMAN G.Automated camera network design for 3Dmodeling of cultural heritage objects[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2013,14(6):515-526.
[16]LOUISET T,PAMART A,GATTET E,et al.Ashape-adjusted tridimensional reconstruction of cultural heritage artifacts using a miniature quadrotor[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(10):858.
[17]陈斯亮.UAV航测结合三维激光扫描的古栈道测绘建模[J].测绘科学,2017,42(8):152-156.(CHENSiliang.Application of UAV aerophotography and TLS in surveying and modeling of ancient gallery road[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(8):152-156.)
[18]SANTOSO F,GARRATT M A,PICKERING M R,et al.3D Mapping for visualization of rigid structures:a review and comparative study[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2015,16(6):1484-1507.
[19]闫利,曹亮,谢洪,等.车载全景影像与激光点云融合生成彩色点云方案[J].测绘科学,2015,40(9):111-114.(YAN Li,CAO Liang,XIE Hong,et al.Generation of colored point cloud by fusion of vehicle-borne panoramic images and LiDAR point clouds[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(9):111-114.)
[20]JIANG S,JIANG W,HUANG W,et al.UAV-based oblique photogrammetry for outdoor data acquisition and offsite visual inspection of transmission line[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(3):278.
[21]王柳,黄鹤,李若鹏,等.消费级无人机倾斜影像采集关键技术研究[J].测绘通报,2017,42(S1):41-45.(WANG Liu,HUANG He,LI Ruopeng,et al.Study on key technology of oblique image acquisition for consumer unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(S1):41-45.)
[22]吴波涛,张煜,李凌霄,等.基于多旋翼单镜头无人机的三维建模技术[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(11):99-103,115.(WU Botao,ZHANG Yu,LI Lingxiao,et al.Key technology of oblique images acquisition using single-lens multicopter[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(11):99-103,115.)
[23]张永军,张勇.大重叠度影像的相对定向与前方交会精度分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(2):126-130.(ZHANG Yongjun,ZHANG Yong.Analysis of precision of relative orientation and forward intersection with high-overlap images[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(2):126-130.)
[24]邓非,张祖勋,张剑清.利用激光扫描和数码相机进行古建筑三维重建研究[J].测绘科学,2007,32(2):29-30.(DENG Fei,ZHANG Zuxun,ZHANG Jianqing.3Dreconstruction of old architecture by laser scanner and digital camera[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007,32(2):29-30.)
[25]SUN Y,ZHAO L,HUANG S,et al.L2-SIFT:SIFTfeature extraction and matching for large images in large-scale aerial photogrammetry[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2014,91:1-16.
[26]李莹,林宗坚,苏国中.多视影像的城市实景三维生产关键技术[J].遥感信息,2017,32(1):35-39.(LI Ying,LIN Zongjian,SU Guozhong.Key technology of production of city real 3Dimages[J].Remote Sensing Information,2017,32(1):35-39.)
[27]王佩军,徐亚明.摄影测量学[M].3版.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2016.(WANG Peijun,XU Yaming.Photogrammetry[M].3rd ed.Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2016.)