模块化多电平换流器子模块短路故障分析、检测与定位方法
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摘要
模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter, MMC)由大量的子模块串联而成,MCC子模块的运行状态直接影响整个换流站的运行,所以研究MMC子模块的故障特性及故障快速检测与定位方法具有重要意义。本文首先分析了MMC子模块发生短路故障的特性,推导出故障分量的计算公式;然后提出了一种基于MMC子模块电容电压的新型微分欠压检测方法,实现了对MMC故障子模块的检测;最后利用小波变换进行故障IGBT的定位。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真实验表明,本文提出的方法能够准确计算发生MMC短路故障后的IGBT电容电压,并且在不引入额外测量装置的情况下,能快速检测故障子模块并定位故障IGBT,仿真结果验证了本文提出方法的有效性和可靠性。
Modular multilevel converter(MMC) consists of a large number of sub-modules(SMs), the operation of which, has direct influence on the total converter substation. So research on the fault characteristic, fast detection and location of the sub-modules are of great significance. In this paper, firstly, the characteristics of MMC SMs short-circuit fault are analyzed and the calculating formula of fault component is deduced, then a method is proposed. Moreover, a novel differential under-voltage detection method is proposed based on SM detection capacitor voltage. Finally, the specific faulty IGBT location is carried out by wavelet transform. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC reveal that the proposed method in this paper can calculate accurately the IGBT capacitor voltage after the short-circuit fault of MMC, detect the faulty SM and locate the faulty IGBT precisely and rapidly, which verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Modular multilevel converter(MMC) consists of a large number of sub-modules(SMs), the operation of which, has direct influence on the total converter substation. So research on the fault characteristic, fast detection and location of the sub-modules are of great significance. In this paper, firstly, the characteristics of MMC SMs short-circuit fault are analyzed and the calculating formula of fault component is deduced, then a method is proposed. Moreover, a novel differential under-voltage detection method is proposed based on SM detection capacitor voltage. Finally, the specific faulty IGBT location is carried out by wavelet transform. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC reveal that the proposed method in this paper can calculate accurately the IGBT capacitor voltage after the short-circuit fault of MMC, detect the faulty SM and locate the faulty IGBT precisely and rapidly, which verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
引文
[1]徐政,屠卿瑞,管敏渊.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
[2]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[3]徐政,薛英林,张哲任.大容量架空线柔性直流输电关键技术及前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):1-12.XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin,ZHANG Zheren.On VSC-HVDCtechnology suitable for bulk pow er overhead line transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):1-12.
[4]王姗姗,周孝信,汤广福,等.模块化多电平电压源换流器的数学模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(24):1-8.WANG Shanshan,ZHOU Xiaoxin,TANG Guangfu,et al.M odelling of modular multi-level voltage source converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(24):1-8.
[5]李探,赵成勇.MMC子模块故障下桥臂不对称运行特性分析与故障容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3921-3928.LI Tan,ZHAO Chengyong.Operation characteristics of the M M C w ith asymmetrical arms under sub-module faults and the fault-tolerant control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3921-3928.
[6]管敏渊,徐政.模块化多电平换流器子模块故障特性和冗余保护[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(16):94-98,104.GUAN M inyuan,XU Zheng.Redundancy protection for submodule faults in modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2011,35(16):94-98,104.
[7]殷实,谭国俊.一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的MMC系统故障检测策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):74-84.YIN Shi,TAN Guojun.A novel fault diagnosis strategy of M M C system based on EKFA[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):74-84.
[8]DENG F,CHEN Z,KHAN M.R,et al.Fault detection and location method for modular multilevel converters[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Electronics,2015,PP(5):2721-2732.
[9]柏同杨,汪飞,吴春华,等.基于滑模观测器的MMC IGBT开路故障检测[J].电子测量技术,2017,40(11):44-47.BAI Tongyang,WANG Fei,WU Chunhua,et al.IGBT open circuit fault diagnosis for M M C based on sliding mode observer[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2017,40(11):44-47.
[10]SHAO S,WHEELER P W,CLARE J C,et al.Fault detection for modular multilevel converters based on sliding mode observer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(11):4867-4872.
[11]郭彦勋,李海锋,李健涛,等.MMC子模块IGBT开路故障检测策略[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(7):51-57.GUO Yanxun,LI Haifeng,LI Jiantao,et al.IGBT open-circuit fault diagnosis strategy for M M C sub-module[J].Southern Pow er System Technology,2017,11(7):51-57.
[12]徐坤山,谢少军.基于增量预测模型的MMC子模块功率管开路故障检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(21):6420-6429,6504.XU Kunshan,XIE Shaojun.Diagnosis method for submodule failures in modular multilevel converter based on incremental predictive model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(21):6420-6429,6504.
[13]徐坤山,谢少军,袁小峰,等.模块化多电平换流器子模块故障快速检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):103-110.XU Kunshan,XIE Shaojun,YUAN Xiaofeng,et al.Rapid diagnostic method for submodule failure in modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(18):103-110.
[14]李翠,刘振兴,柴利,等.模块化多电平换流器的子模块开路故障检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6995-7003,7091.LI Cui,LIU Zhenxing,CHAI Li,et al.An open circuit fault detection method for sub-modules in modular multi-level converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6995-7003,7091.
[15]尹桥宣,段斌,沈梦君,等.模块化五电平逆变器子模块开路故障的智能检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(12):127-133,147.YIN Qiaoxuan,DUAN Bin,SHEN M engjun,et al.Intelligent diagnosis method for open-circuit fault of sub-modules in modular five-level inverter[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2018,42(12):127-133,147.
[16]覃剑,陈祥训,雷林绪.输电线路行波故障测距技术及小波变换应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[17]李刚,许鹏程,韩龙美.基于小波分析的电力系统故障时空检测与检测[J].系统仿真学报,2015,27(12):3018-3024.LI Gang,XU Pengcheng,HAN Longmei.Fault spatial-temporal detecting and diagnosis for power grid based on wavelet analysis[J].Journal of System Simulation,2015,27(12):3018-3024.
[18]肖迎群,冯良贵,何怡刚.基于小波分形和核判别分析的模拟电路故障检测[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(8):230-238.XIAO Yingqun,FENG Lianggui,HE Yigang.A fault diagnosis approach of analog circuit using w avelet-based fractal analysis and kernel LDA[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(8):230-238.
[2]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[3]徐政,薛英林,张哲任.大容量架空线柔性直流输电关键技术及前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):1-12.XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin,ZHANG Zheren.On VSC-HVDCtechnology suitable for bulk pow er overhead line transmission[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):1-12.
[4]王姗姗,周孝信,汤广福,等.模块化多电平电压源换流器的数学模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(24):1-8.WANG Shanshan,ZHOU Xiaoxin,TANG Guangfu,et al.M odelling of modular multi-level voltage source converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(24):1-8.
[5]李探,赵成勇.MMC子模块故障下桥臂不对称运行特性分析与故障容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3921-3928.LI Tan,ZHAO Chengyong.Operation characteristics of the M M C w ith asymmetrical arms under sub-module faults and the fault-tolerant control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3921-3928.
[6]管敏渊,徐政.模块化多电平换流器子模块故障特性和冗余保护[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(16):94-98,104.GUAN M inyuan,XU Zheng.Redundancy protection for submodule faults in modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2011,35(16):94-98,104.
[7]殷实,谭国俊.一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的MMC系统故障检测策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):74-84.YIN Shi,TAN Guojun.A novel fault diagnosis strategy of M M C system based on EKFA[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):74-84.
[8]DENG F,CHEN Z,KHAN M.R,et al.Fault detection and location method for modular multilevel converters[J].IEEETransactions on Pow er Electronics,2015,PP(5):2721-2732.
[9]柏同杨,汪飞,吴春华,等.基于滑模观测器的MMC IGBT开路故障检测[J].电子测量技术,2017,40(11):44-47.BAI Tongyang,WANG Fei,WU Chunhua,et al.IGBT open circuit fault diagnosis for M M C based on sliding mode observer[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2017,40(11):44-47.
[10]SHAO S,WHEELER P W,CLARE J C,et al.Fault detection for modular multilevel converters based on sliding mode observer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(11):4867-4872.
[11]郭彦勋,李海锋,李健涛,等.MMC子模块IGBT开路故障检测策略[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(7):51-57.GUO Yanxun,LI Haifeng,LI Jiantao,et al.IGBT open-circuit fault diagnosis strategy for M M C sub-module[J].Southern Pow er System Technology,2017,11(7):51-57.
[12]徐坤山,谢少军.基于增量预测模型的MMC子模块功率管开路故障检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(21):6420-6429,6504.XU Kunshan,XIE Shaojun.Diagnosis method for submodule failures in modular multilevel converter based on incremental predictive model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(21):6420-6429,6504.
[13]徐坤山,谢少军,袁小峰,等.模块化多电平换流器子模块故障快速检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):103-110.XU Kunshan,XIE Shaojun,YUAN Xiaofeng,et al.Rapid diagnostic method for submodule failure in modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(18):103-110.
[14]李翠,刘振兴,柴利,等.模块化多电平换流器的子模块开路故障检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6995-7003,7091.LI Cui,LIU Zhenxing,CHAI Li,et al.An open circuit fault detection method for sub-modules in modular multi-level converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6995-7003,7091.
[15]尹桥宣,段斌,沈梦君,等.模块化五电平逆变器子模块开路故障的智能检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(12):127-133,147.YIN Qiaoxuan,DUAN Bin,SHEN M engjun,et al.Intelligent diagnosis method for open-circuit fault of sub-modules in modular five-level inverter[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2018,42(12):127-133,147.
[16]覃剑,陈祥训,雷林绪.输电线路行波故障测距技术及小波变换应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[17]李刚,许鹏程,韩龙美.基于小波分析的电力系统故障时空检测与检测[J].系统仿真学报,2015,27(12):3018-3024.LI Gang,XU Pengcheng,HAN Longmei.Fault spatial-temporal detecting and diagnosis for power grid based on wavelet analysis[J].Journal of System Simulation,2015,27(12):3018-3024.
[18]肖迎群,冯良贵,何怡刚.基于小波分形和核判别分析的模拟电路故障检测[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(8):230-238.XIAO Yingqun,FENG Lianggui,HE Yigang.A fault diagnosis approach of analog circuit using w avelet-based fractal analysis and kernel LDA[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(8):230-238.