一种采用PostScript成像模型的高质量地图制图方法
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摘要
在分析以GIS数据为核心的传统地图制图基础上,针对基于GIS数据制图存在的制图效果不理想、要素冲突等问题,引入PostScript成像模型中的通用图形描述机制,实现对地图符号和制图数据的统一结构描述。设计了基于PostScript语言的高精度符号库,从地图符号结构、制图过程、地图要素冲突处理等方面阐明了利用PostScript成像模型进行地图制图的关键问题。利用PostScript语言研发的系统实践表明该方法能有效提高数字地图制图出版的效率和质量。
Problems of poor cartographical quality and feature conflict exist in the traditional GIS datacentered cartography.In this paper,we designed PostScript-based high resolution symbol library for high-quality cartography,in which the common graphical descripting mechanism in PostScript imaging model is applied to describe the map symbols and cartographical data structure.There are two major phases in our method:first,to store the map symbols and map graphics using PostScript path structures and to establish the symbol library;and second,to transfer the PostScript-described symbols to be cartography-oriented ones.Crucial issues of our method are discussed in perspectives of map symbol structure,mapping process and feature conflict.Application shows that our method practically improved efficiency and quality of digital map publishing.
Problems of poor cartographical quality and feature conflict exist in the traditional GIS datacentered cartography.In this paper,we designed PostScript-based high resolution symbol library for high-quality cartography,in which the common graphical descripting mechanism in PostScript imaging model is applied to describe the map symbols and cartographical data structure.There are two major phases in our method:first,to store the map symbols and map graphics using PostScript path structures and to establish the symbol library;and second,to transfer the PostScript-described symbols to be cartography-oriented ones.Crucial issues of our method are discussed in perspectives of map symbol structure,mapping process and feature conflict.Application shows that our method practically improved efficiency and quality of digital map publishing.
引文
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[4]Cai Zhongliang.Researeh on Information Organization and Visualization Mechanism of Multimedia Electronic Map[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004(蔡忠亮.多媒体电子地图的信息组织及可视化机制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004)
[5]Buckley A,Frye C,Buttenfield B.An Information Model for Maps:Towards Cartographic Production from GIS Databases[C].The 22nd ICA Conference Proceedings,A Coru珘na,Spain,2005
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[8]Li Qingyuan,Li Hongshen,Liu Haochen.GIS Symbolic Library General Data Model and Data Exchange Format XML Schema[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(6):565-568(李青元,李洪省,刘皓晨.GIS符号库数据模型抽象及其交换格式研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(6):565-568)
[9]Yin Zhangcai,Li Lin,Huang Maojun.Cartographic Representation Mechanism Driven by Geo-data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007(1):32-33,69,161(尹章才,李霖,黄茂军.地理数据库驱动的地图表达机制研究[J].测绘科学,2007(1):32-33,69,161)
[10]Yang Yong,Li Lin,Wang Hong,et al.Cartographic System Based on National Fundamental Geographic Data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(3):261-264(杨勇,李霖,王红,等.基于国家基础地理信息数据的地图制图系统[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(3):261-264)
[11]Wu Mingguang,Chen Taisheng,Tan Shanshan,et al.Data Structure of Line Map Symbol Based on Postscript Imaging Model[J].Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,2011(5):662-667(吴明光,陈泰生,檀姗姗,等.基于PostScript成像模型的线状地图符号数据结构[J].测绘学报,2011(5):662-667)
[12]Adobe Systems Inc.PostScript Language Reference Manual[M].Boston:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co.,Inc.,1999
[13]Bao Jinchun,Fei Wei.The Spatial Data Symbolization Based on Arcobjects[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2008(4):100-103(包锦春,王飞.基于Arcobjects的空间数据符号化[J].国土资源遥感,2008(4):100-103)
[14]Wu Xiaofang,Xu Zhiyong,Cai Zhongliang,et al.The Display of Special Vector Fonts in the Digital Mapping Annotation[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2003(8):51-54(吴小芳,徐智勇,蔡忠亮,等.数字地图注记中特殊矢量字体的显示.测绘通报,2003(8):51-54)
[15]Schilcher M.Interactive Graphic Data Processing in Cartography[J].Computers&Graphics,1985,9(1):57-66
[2]Buckley A,Hardy P.Cartographic Software Capabilities and Data Requirements:Current Status and a Look Toward the Future[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2007,34(2):155-157
[3]Hardy P,Briat M O,Eicher C,et al.Database-Driven Cartography from a Digital Landscape Model,with Multiple Representations and Human Overrides[C].ICA Commission on Generalization and Multiple Representation Research Workshop,Leicester,UK,2004
[4]Cai Zhongliang.Researeh on Information Organization and Visualization Mechanism of Multimedia Electronic Map[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2004(蔡忠亮.多媒体电子地图的信息组织及可视化机制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004)
[5]Buckley A,Frye C,Buttenfield B.An Information Model for Maps:Towards Cartographic Production from GIS Databases[C].The 22nd ICA Conference Proceedings,A Coru珘na,Spain,2005
[6]Wu Xiaofang,Xu Zhiyong,Cai Zhongliang,et al.Design and Implementation of High Precision Map Symbol Library Based on GDI+[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(10):928-932(吴小芳,徐智勇,蔡忠亮,等.基于GDI+的高精度地图符号库的设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2004,29(10):928-932)
[7]Wu Xiaofang,Du Qingyun,Xu Zhiyong,et al.Design and Algorithm Optimization of Complex Linear Symbol[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,31(7):632-635(吴小芳,杜清运,徐智勇,等.复杂线状符号的设计及优化算法研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,31(7):632-635)
[8]Li Qingyuan,Li Hongshen,Liu Haochen.GIS Symbolic Library General Data Model and Data Exchange Format XML Schema[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(6):565-568(李青元,李洪省,刘皓晨.GIS符号库数据模型抽象及其交换格式研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(6):565-568)
[9]Yin Zhangcai,Li Lin,Huang Maojun.Cartographic Representation Mechanism Driven by Geo-data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007(1):32-33,69,161(尹章才,李霖,黄茂军.地理数据库驱动的地图表达机制研究[J].测绘科学,2007(1):32-33,69,161)
[10]Yang Yong,Li Lin,Wang Hong,et al.Cartographic System Based on National Fundamental Geographic Data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(3):261-264(杨勇,李霖,王红,等.基于国家基础地理信息数据的地图制图系统[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(3):261-264)
[11]Wu Mingguang,Chen Taisheng,Tan Shanshan,et al.Data Structure of Line Map Symbol Based on Postscript Imaging Model[J].Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,2011(5):662-667(吴明光,陈泰生,檀姗姗,等.基于PostScript成像模型的线状地图符号数据结构[J].测绘学报,2011(5):662-667)
[12]Adobe Systems Inc.PostScript Language Reference Manual[M].Boston:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co.,Inc.,1999
[13]Bao Jinchun,Fei Wei.The Spatial Data Symbolization Based on Arcobjects[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2008(4):100-103(包锦春,王飞.基于Arcobjects的空间数据符号化[J].国土资源遥感,2008(4):100-103)
[14]Wu Xiaofang,Xu Zhiyong,Cai Zhongliang,et al.The Display of Special Vector Fonts in the Digital Mapping Annotation[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2003(8):51-54(吴小芳,徐智勇,蔡忠亮,等.数字地图注记中特殊矢量字体的显示.测绘通报,2003(8):51-54)
[15]Schilcher M.Interactive Graphic Data Processing in Cartography[J].Computers&Graphics,1985,9(1):57-66