基于线粒体DNA控制区序列分析我国马鹿5个亚种的遗传分化
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摘要
为了解马鹿种群遗传结构和分化水平,测定了马鹿5个亚种11个地理群共计146个体线粒体DNA控制区全序列。序列分析检测到167个变异位点,确定了54种单倍型;各个亚种呈现较高的单倍型多样性(h:0. 600～0. 959)及中等程度的核苷酸多样性(π:0. 006 3～0. 012 6)。中性检验仅发现甘肃马鹿显著性偏离中性突变,亚种间遗传分化指数FST> 0. 5、基因流Nm<0. 5,表明马鹿亚种间发生了显著的遗传分化,只存在少量基因交流。基于最大简约法和贝叶斯法构建的单倍型系统进化树和单倍型中介网络图显示塔里木马鹿有别于其他马鹿,它们分别来源于共同祖先的2个不同进化枝,阿尔泰马鹿、甘肃马鹿、阿拉善马鹿、天山马鹿又可细分为3个进化枝系,但它们是相互交叉聚类的。为我国马鹿的遗传资源保护和利用提供依据。
In order to understand the genetic structure and differentiation level of wapiti in China,we obtained146 complete sequences of the mitochondrial genome control regions from 11 geographic populations at 5 subspecies. 167 mutation loci and 54 kinds of haploid were detected. All subspecies had a high haplotype diversity(h:0. 600-0. 959) and moderate nucleotide diversity(π: 0. 006 3-0. 012 6). The neutral test only observed significant deviation from neutral mutation in Gansu wapiti. The genetic differentiation coefficient(FST) between subspecies was greater than 0. 5 and the gene flow(Nm) was less than 0. 5,of which indicating that there was significant genetic differentiation between the subspecies and a small amount of hybridization between them. Phylogenetic tree constructed using MP and Bayesian methods and mediating network diagram supported Talimu wapiti and other wapiti were derived from two different evolutionary branches with common ancestor. Altai wapiti,Tianshan wapiti,Gansu wapiti and Alashan wapiti were subdivided into three evolutionary branches,but they were intersected and clustered. This study provides the basis for the protection and utilization of the genetic resources of red deer in China.
In order to understand the genetic structure and differentiation level of wapiti in China,we obtained146 complete sequences of the mitochondrial genome control regions from 11 geographic populations at 5 subspecies. 167 mutation loci and 54 kinds of haploid were detected. All subspecies had a high haplotype diversity(h:0. 600-0. 959) and moderate nucleotide diversity(π: 0. 006 3-0. 012 6). The neutral test only observed significant deviation from neutral mutation in Gansu wapiti. The genetic differentiation coefficient(FST) between subspecies was greater than 0. 5 and the gene flow(Nm) was less than 0. 5,of which indicating that there was significant genetic differentiation between the subspecies and a small amount of hybridization between them. Phylogenetic tree constructed using MP and Bayesian methods and mediating network diagram supported Talimu wapiti and other wapiti were derived from two different evolutionary branches with common ancestor. Altai wapiti,Tianshan wapiti,Gansu wapiti and Alashan wapiti were subdivided into three evolutionary branches,but they were intersected and clustered. This study provides the basis for the protection and utilization of the genetic resources of red deer in China.
引文
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[14]彭银辉,周于娜,刘旭佳,等.基于线粒体控制区序列的光裸方格星虫群体遗传多样性分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(10):1542-1551.
[15]杨天燕,孟玮,海萨,等.基于线粒体Cyt b序列对新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼遗传结构的分析[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(2):304-313.
[16]成述儒,曾玉峰,王欣荣,等.甘肃境内6个牦牛群体mt DNA-环序列遗传多样性与聚类分析[J].华北农学报,2014,29(3):16-21.
[17] Mahmut Halik,Masuda Ryuichi,Onuma Manabu,et al.Molecular phylogeography of the red deer(Cervus elaphus)populations in Xinjiang of China:Comparison with other Asian,European and North American populations[J]. Zoological Science,2002,19:485-495.
[18] Ludt C J,Schroeder W,Rottmann O,et al. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer(Cervus elaphus)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2004,31(3):1064-1083.
[19] Polziehn R O,Strobeck C. A phylogenetic comparison of red deer and wapiti using mitochondrial DNA[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2002,22(3):342-356.
[20]邓铸疆,任战军,熊建杰,等.西北马鹿群体遗传多样性及系统地位[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(9):42-46,52.
[2]王宗仁,杜若甫.鹿的核型与染色体进化[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[3] Emerson B C,Tate M L. Genetic analysis of evolutionary relationships among deer(subfamily Cervinae)[J]. J Hered,1993,84(4):266-273.
[4] Feulner P G,Bielfeldt W,Zachos F E,et al. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses of the genetic status of the presumed subspecies Cervus elaphus montanus(Carpathian red deer)[J]. Heredity,2004,93(3):299-306.
[5]苏莹.马鹿群体Y染色体相关基因遗传多样性分析[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2016:1-2.
[6]李明,王小明,盛和林,等.马鹿四个亚种的起源和遗传分化研究[J].动物学研究,1998,19(3):2-3,5-8.
[7]张丽,滚双宝,雷天云,等.应用mt DNA Cytb基因全序列分析中国5个马鹿群体的遗传多样性和系统发育[J].华北农学报,2010,25(4):12-16.
[8] Cronin A M. Mitochondrlal DNA phylogeny of deer(Cervidae)[J]. J Mamm,1991,72(3):553-565.
[9] Rozas J,Ferrer-Mata A,Sanchez-DelBarrio J C,et al.Dna SP 6:DNA sequence polymouphism analysis of large datasets[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution,2017,34:3299-3302.
[10] Excoffier L,Lischer H E. Arlequin suite ver 3. 5:a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows[J]. Molecular Ecology Resources,2010,10(3):564-567.
[11] Network 4. 6. 1. 1 user guide[OL].[2014-10-29],http://www. fluxs-engineering. com.
[12] Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,et al. MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6. 0[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution,2013,30(12):2725-2729.
[13] Ronquist F,Huelsenbeck J P. MrBayes 3:bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models[J]. Bioinformatics,2003,19(12):1572-1574.
[14]彭银辉,周于娜,刘旭佳,等.基于线粒体控制区序列的光裸方格星虫群体遗传多样性分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(10):1542-1551.
[15]杨天燕,孟玮,海萨,等.基于线粒体Cyt b序列对新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼遗传结构的分析[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(2):304-313.
[16]成述儒,曾玉峰,王欣荣,等.甘肃境内6个牦牛群体mt DNA-环序列遗传多样性与聚类分析[J].华北农学报,2014,29(3):16-21.
[17] Mahmut Halik,Masuda Ryuichi,Onuma Manabu,et al.Molecular phylogeography of the red deer(Cervus elaphus)populations in Xinjiang of China:Comparison with other Asian,European and North American populations[J]. Zoological Science,2002,19:485-495.
[18] Ludt C J,Schroeder W,Rottmann O,et al. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer(Cervus elaphus)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2004,31(3):1064-1083.
[19] Polziehn R O,Strobeck C. A phylogenetic comparison of red deer and wapiti using mitochondrial DNA[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2002,22(3):342-356.
[20]邓铸疆,任战军,熊建杰,等.西北马鹿群体遗传多样性及系统地位[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(9):42-46,52.