成分与热处理对4J36合金力学和物理性能的影响
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摘要
采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、线膨胀系数测试、弹性模量测试、显微硬度测试等方法,研究了4J36合金的成分添加及退火温度对显微组织、线膨胀系数、弹性模量、强度、硬度及塑性等性能的影响。结果表明,试验合金中添加C、Si、Mn总量的增加,有利于提高合金的弹性模量、强度及硬度,但会导致线膨胀系数线性增加。三炉次合金中,C、Si、Mn总量最高的4J36合金能很好地满足工况环境下性能指标要求。随退火温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒逐渐长大,并伴有少量的退火孪晶,合金的塑韧性较锻态显著提高,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征。退火处理前的锻态合金组织为单一的奥氏体,但组织均匀性较差。在820~850℃范围内进行退火处理后,合金晶粒组织均匀,综合力学性能优于其他温度下处理的合金。
Microstructure,coefficient of thermal expansion,modulus of elasticity,strength,hardness and ductility of 4J36 alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,coefficient of thermal expansion test,modulus of elasticity test and hardness measurement.The results indicate that the increasing of the total contents of C,Si and Mn is in favor of the improvements of modulus of elasticity,strength and hardness,but resulting in the linear increase of coefficient of thermal expansion.Among the three furnaces,No.3 4J36 alloy,with the highest total content of C、Si and Mn,can meet the requirement of performance specification under operating condition very well.With the annealing temperature increasing,the austenite grains grow up gradually accompanied by a small amount of annealing twin crystals.Meanwhile,the plasticity and toughness of the alloy are significantly improved compared with that in forged state,and the tensile fracture is characterized by ductile rupture.The microstructure of the forged alloy before annealing is characterized by single-phase of austenite,but is less uniformity.When annealing at 820-850 ℃,the grain size of the alloy becomes more uniform,and the comprehensive properties are better than those of treated at the other annealing temperatures.
Microstructure,coefficient of thermal expansion,modulus of elasticity,strength,hardness and ductility of 4J36 alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,coefficient of thermal expansion test,modulus of elasticity test and hardness measurement.The results indicate that the increasing of the total contents of C,Si and Mn is in favor of the improvements of modulus of elasticity,strength and hardness,but resulting in the linear increase of coefficient of thermal expansion.Among the three furnaces,No.3 4J36 alloy,with the highest total content of C、Si and Mn,can meet the requirement of performance specification under operating condition very well.With the annealing temperature increasing,the austenite grains grow up gradually accompanied by a small amount of annealing twin crystals.Meanwhile,the plasticity and toughness of the alloy are significantly improved compared with that in forged state,and the tensile fracture is characterized by ductile rupture.The microstructure of the forged alloy before annealing is characterized by single-phase of austenite,but is less uniformity.When annealing at 820-850 ℃,the grain size of the alloy becomes more uniform,and the comprehensive properties are better than those of treated at the other annealing temperatures.
引文
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[3]Vinogradov A,Hashimoto S,Kopylov V I.Enhanced strength and fatigue life of ultra-fine grain Fe-36Ni invar alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2003,355(1-2):277-285.
[4]Tu Y,Xu J,Zhang J,et al.Effect of solid-solution temperature on the microstructure of Fe-Ni based high strength low thermal expansion(HSLTE)alloy[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,Mineral,Metallurgy,Material,2007,14(1):46-51.
[5]Kim M K,Namkung J,Ahn Y S.The effect of Si and microstructure evolution on the thermal expansion properties of Fe-42Ni-Si alloy strips[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43:3112-3117.
[6]Nadutov V M,Svystunov Y O,Kosintsev S G,et al.Mssbauer analysis and magnetic properties of Invar Fe-Ni-C and Fe-Ni-Mn-C alloys[J].Hyperfine Interact,2006,168:929-935.
[7]陆建生,倪和勇,沈黎明.时效强化Fe-Ni-Ti-Al因瓦合金的力学与膨胀特性[J].上海钢研,2006(2):31-34.LU Jian-sheng,NI He-yong,SHEN Li-ming.Mechanical property and expanding property of age hardened Fe-Ni-Ti-Al invar alloy[J].Journal of Shanghai Iron and Steel Research,2006(2):31-34.
[8]袁均品,易丹青,余志明,等.变形与热处理对Invar合金组织及性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2005,30(2):50-53.YUAN Jun-pin,YI Dan-qing,YU Zhi-ming,et al.Influence of the deformation and heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of Invar alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2005,30(2):50-53.
[9]虞觉奇,易文质,陈邦迪,等.二元合金状态图集[M].上海:上海科技出版社,2008.
[10]启明(译).微量元素对Fe-36%Ni因瓦合金热膨胀系数的影响[J].金属功能材料,1995(3):112-113.
[11]杨正,刘晓鹏,符佳,等.Mn元素对Fe-Ni-Co合金热膨胀性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2013,37(3):501-505.YANG Zheng,LIU Xiao-peng,FU Jia,et al.Thermal expansion properties of Fe-Ni-Co super-invar alloy with Mn[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2013,37(3):501-505.
[12]郑磊,董建新,张麦仓,等.Inconel 600及Inconel 718合金晶界偏聚研究进展[J].材料导报,2009,23(10):67-70.ZHENG Lei,DONG Jian-xin,ZHANG Mai-cang,et al.Research progress in grain boundary segregation of solute atoms in Inconel 600 and Inconel 718superalloys[J].Materials Review,2009,23(10):67-70.
[13]Xu P Q,Zhao X J,Xu G X,et al.Microstructure characterisation and CTE study of Fe-42Ni-Nb invar alloys[J].Materials Science and Technology,2011,27(3):655-660.
[14]张建福,徐进,王新林.因瓦合金强化途径研究概况[J].金属功能材料,2006,13(2):38-41.ZHANG Jian-fu,XU Jin,WANG Xin-lin.General review of present research on strengthening methods of invar alloy[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2006,13(2):38-41.
[15]РодионовЮЛ,ЩербединскийГВ,МаксимовaОП,et al.高强度因瓦合金[J].上海钢研,2002(3):37-41.РодионовЮЛ,ЩербединскийГВ,МаксимовaОП,et al.High strength invar alloy[J].Journal of Shanghai Iron and Steel Research,2002(3):37-41.