碳化硼及石墨含量对中高铬系堆焊层性能的影响
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摘要
含中偏高铬成分堆焊焊条具有比高碳高铬成分堆焊焊条的焊接工艺好、熔敷金属层抗剥离强而耐磨性较差等特点。为了提高其耐磨性,往往在焊条药皮配方中加入一定量的碳化钨、碳化硼、钼铁、钒铁等,其中碳化硼是最常用、较有效、成本经济的措施之一。文中采用不同含量的碳化硼及石墨加入焊条药皮中,采用Cr17型铁素体钢作焊条焊芯,考察焊条工艺性、抗剥离性、耐磨性、药皮熔敷率等性能。结果表明:在文中所述熔敷金属中含铬量范围内,加入16%～20%的碳化硼和3%～9%石墨是较理想方案。此方案能使焊条焊接操作性好、焊缝成形美观、基本无渣、抗气孔性优良,而且在其具有一定的抗剥离性前提下,耐磨性优良。
Surfacing electrodes with medium to high chromium content have better welding technology, better peeling resistance and worse wear resistance than those with high carbon and chromium content. In order to improve its wear resistance, a certain amount of tungsten carbide, boron carbide, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and so on are often added to the coating formulation of the electrode, among which boron carbide is one of the most commonly used, effective and cost-effective measures. In this paper, different contents of boron carbide and graphite were added to the coating of the electrode, and Cr17 ferritic steel was used as the core of the electrode. The properties of the electrode, such as workability, peeling resistance, wear resistance and coating deposition efficiency, were investigated. Finally, it was concluded that within the range of chromium content in the deposited metal mentioned in this paper, adding 16%～20% boron carbide and 3%～9% graphite was an ideal solution. This scheme could make the electrode had good welding operation, beautiful appearance of weld, basic slag-free, excellent porosity resistance and good wear resistance under the premise of a certain peeling resistance.
Surfacing electrodes with medium to high chromium content have better welding technology, better peeling resistance and worse wear resistance than those with high carbon and chromium content. In order to improve its wear resistance, a certain amount of tungsten carbide, boron carbide, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and so on are often added to the coating formulation of the electrode, among which boron carbide is one of the most commonly used, effective and cost-effective measures. In this paper, different contents of boron carbide and graphite were added to the coating of the electrode, and Cr17 ferritic steel was used as the core of the electrode. The properties of the electrode, such as workability, peeling resistance, wear resistance and coating deposition efficiency, were investigated. Finally, it was concluded that within the range of chromium content in the deposited metal mentioned in this paper, adding 16%～20% boron carbide and 3%～9% graphite was an ideal solution. This scheme could make the electrode had good welding operation, beautiful appearance of weld, basic slag-free, excellent porosity resistance and good wear resistance under the premise of a certain peeling resistance.
引文
[1]季业益,陆宝山,孙书娟,等.低碳钢表面钨极氩弧堆焊多元合金粉末涂层组织与耐磨性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2018, 39(9):265-268.
[2]宋玲玲,马晓磊,郭健,等. 65Mn铁基等离子堆焊层组织及耐磨性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2018, 39(7):1 528-1 529.
[3]吴占军,张忠明,徐春杰,等.热型连铸L401铝合金焊丝组织及其堆焊层的耐磨性[J].铸造技术, 2005, 26(8):694-696.
[4]李铁英.焊接材料对碳化铬堆焊复合钢板耐磨性能的影响[J].焊接技术, 2014, 43(7):48-51.
[5]杨绍斌,董伟,徐晓辰,等. Fe-Cr-C系堆焊耐磨材料的研究现状与展望[J].材料导报, 2012, 26(3):96-100.
[6]王彩芹,潘川,王移山,等. Fe-C-Cr-V系高铬铸铁型自保护药芯焊丝的研制[J].焊接技术, 2016, 45(7):69-72.
[7]时海芳,杨海艳,高山,等.碳化硼对自生颗粒增强奥氏体堆焊层组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2011, 40(21):144-146.
[8]陈利民,银舜生.含钛硼堆焊焊条研究——堆焊金属的抗裂、硬度、耐磨性分析[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报, 1990(2):134-138.
[9]徐国建,顾玉熹. TiC-NbC超硬质相耐磨堆焊焊条的研究[J].硬质合金, 1995(3):178-182.
[10]张清辉,肖逸锋,龚建勋.高效高硬度低成本耐磨堆焊焊条的研制[J].焊接学报, 2008, 29(3):5-8.
[11]肖逸锋,汪中玮,张清辉,等.高温无渣耐磨堆焊焊条的焊接工艺[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2006, 11(1):31-34.
[12]刘政军,陈宏,刘臣,等.耐磨堆焊材料的研制[J].表面技术, 2004, 33(5):60-62.
[13]魏绍生,牛冲,董云菊.石墨型药皮高铬铸铁焊条(D658)堆焊[J].价值工程, 2015(4):40-41.
[14] GB/T 984—2001堆焊焊条[S].
[15] GB/T 700—2006碳素结构钢[S].
[16]龚建勋,张清辉,肖逸锋,等. Cr-Mn-W-Mo-V耐磨堆焊合金的时效硬化研究[J].金属热处理, 2008(2):19-23.
[17]龚建勋,吴慧剑,田兵.碳含量对自保护明弧高铬堆焊涂层性能的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2014(16):137-140.
[18]陈伯蠡,黄云庆.中碳合金钢耐磨堆焊合金优化研究[J].焊接,1995(3):11-16.
[19]刘政军,季杰.铬硼及硬质相形态在高温耐磨堆焊合金中作用[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 1997(2):74-79.
[20]许燕,李丙如,鲍阳,等.金属堆焊成型层间应力分析及工艺优化[J].铸造技术, 2017, 38(7):199-203.
[21]广州市白云区鑫钻耐磨材料厂试验技术标准编号1[Z]. 2015.
[22]徐奥,张严,刘松,等.碳化钨增强高频感应堆焊层组织性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2018, 39(1):11-13.
[23]孙有平,涂耀耀,李旺珍,等. TH-950HN焊条堆焊组织与性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2013, 39(3):364-365.
[24]时海芳,杨海艳,高山,等.碳化硼对自生颗粒增强奥氏体堆焊层组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2011, 40(21):144-146.
[25]郑丽娟,刘会莹,付学中,等. Mo强化Fe-Cr-C系堆焊材料组织和力学性能分析[J].热加工工艺, 2012, 41(7):1-3.
[2]宋玲玲,马晓磊,郭健,等. 65Mn铁基等离子堆焊层组织及耐磨性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2018, 39(7):1 528-1 529.
[3]吴占军,张忠明,徐春杰,等.热型连铸L401铝合金焊丝组织及其堆焊层的耐磨性[J].铸造技术, 2005, 26(8):694-696.
[4]李铁英.焊接材料对碳化铬堆焊复合钢板耐磨性能的影响[J].焊接技术, 2014, 43(7):48-51.
[5]杨绍斌,董伟,徐晓辰,等. Fe-Cr-C系堆焊耐磨材料的研究现状与展望[J].材料导报, 2012, 26(3):96-100.
[6]王彩芹,潘川,王移山,等. Fe-C-Cr-V系高铬铸铁型自保护药芯焊丝的研制[J].焊接技术, 2016, 45(7):69-72.
[7]时海芳,杨海艳,高山,等.碳化硼对自生颗粒增强奥氏体堆焊层组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2011, 40(21):144-146.
[8]陈利民,银舜生.含钛硼堆焊焊条研究——堆焊金属的抗裂、硬度、耐磨性分析[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报, 1990(2):134-138.
[9]徐国建,顾玉熹. TiC-NbC超硬质相耐磨堆焊焊条的研究[J].硬质合金, 1995(3):178-182.
[10]张清辉,肖逸锋,龚建勋.高效高硬度低成本耐磨堆焊焊条的研制[J].焊接学报, 2008, 29(3):5-8.
[11]肖逸锋,汪中玮,张清辉,等.高温无渣耐磨堆焊焊条的焊接工艺[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2006, 11(1):31-34.
[12]刘政军,陈宏,刘臣,等.耐磨堆焊材料的研制[J].表面技术, 2004, 33(5):60-62.
[13]魏绍生,牛冲,董云菊.石墨型药皮高铬铸铁焊条(D658)堆焊[J].价值工程, 2015(4):40-41.
[14] GB/T 984—2001堆焊焊条[S].
[15] GB/T 700—2006碳素结构钢[S].
[16]龚建勋,张清辉,肖逸锋,等. Cr-Mn-W-Mo-V耐磨堆焊合金的时效硬化研究[J].金属热处理, 2008(2):19-23.
[17]龚建勋,吴慧剑,田兵.碳含量对自保护明弧高铬堆焊涂层性能的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2014(16):137-140.
[18]陈伯蠡,黄云庆.中碳合金钢耐磨堆焊合金优化研究[J].焊接,1995(3):11-16.
[19]刘政军,季杰.铬硼及硬质相形态在高温耐磨堆焊合金中作用[J].沈阳工业大学学报, 1997(2):74-79.
[20]许燕,李丙如,鲍阳,等.金属堆焊成型层间应力分析及工艺优化[J].铸造技术, 2017, 38(7):199-203.
[21]广州市白云区鑫钻耐磨材料厂试验技术标准编号1[Z]. 2015.
[22]徐奥,张严,刘松,等.碳化钨增强高频感应堆焊层组织性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2018, 39(1):11-13.
[23]孙有平,涂耀耀,李旺珍,等. TH-950HN焊条堆焊组织与性能研究[J].铸造技术, 2013, 39(3):364-365.
[24]时海芳,杨海艳,高山,等.碳化硼对自生颗粒增强奥氏体堆焊层组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2011, 40(21):144-146.
[25]郑丽娟,刘会莹,付学中,等. Mo强化Fe-Cr-C系堆焊材料组织和力学性能分析[J].热加工工艺, 2012, 41(7):1-3.