海上风机结构振动监测试验与特性分析
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摘要
以某海上风电试验样机为研究对象,基于现场原型观测获取整体风机结构在停机、正常运行、开(停)机及台风工况下的振动响应数据,系统地分析海上风机结构在不同运行状态下的振动响应时频域特性与变化规律,探讨影响海上风机结构振动的关键因素及其对风机振动安全性的影响规律.结果表明:在风机处于停机状态下,结构振动随环境风速的增加而显著增大;而运行状态时,叶轮转速对结构振动影响效应明显,对振动变化起到主导作用.海上风机在开(停)机过渡过程中振动显著大于正常运行状态,台风期风机在额定转速运行时的振动超过实测最大风速时停机工况的响应.塔筒顶部与基础顶部振动响应同步性说明整体风机具有很好的变形协调性.
This study considered one offshore wind turbine prototype as the research object,and its structural vibration responses under standstill,normal operational,startup,shutdown,and typhoon conditions were obtained through field measurement. First,the variation characteristics of the vibration responses under different operational conditions are examined systematically through time and frequency domain analyses. Furthermore,the key factors influencing structural vibration and their influence rules on the vibration safety of offshore wind turbine are explained clearly. Results show that the structural vibration increases with the increase in wind speed when the wind turbine operates under the standstill condition. The research results also show that the rotation speed of the blades has an obvious influence on structural vibration and plays a dominant role during vibration under the normal operational condition. Thereafter,the structural vibration of offshore wind turbine under the transition process of the startup(shutdown) condition is significantly greater than that under the normal operational condition with the same variables. Simultaneously,the observed vibration under the typhoon condition with rated rotation speed exceeds the corresponding responses under the standstill condition with maximum measured wind speed. Finally,the synchronization of the vibration responses measured from the tower and foundation indicates that the overall structure has good deformation coordination.
This study considered one offshore wind turbine prototype as the research object,and its structural vibration responses under standstill,normal operational,startup,shutdown,and typhoon conditions were obtained through field measurement. First,the variation characteristics of the vibration responses under different operational conditions are examined systematically through time and frequency domain analyses. Furthermore,the key factors influencing structural vibration and their influence rules on the vibration safety of offshore wind turbine are explained clearly. Results show that the structural vibration increases with the increase in wind speed when the wind turbine operates under the standstill condition. The research results also show that the rotation speed of the blades has an obvious influence on structural vibration and plays a dominant role during vibration under the normal operational condition. Thereafter,the structural vibration of offshore wind turbine under the transition process of the startup(shutdown) condition is significantly greater than that under the normal operational condition with the same variables. Simultaneously,the observed vibration under the typhoon condition with rated rotation speed exceeds the corresponding responses under the standstill condition with maximum measured wind speed. Finally,the synchronization of the vibration responses measured from the tower and foundation indicates that the overall structure has good deformation coordination.
引文
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[2]Rodrigues S,Restrepo C,Kontos E,et al.Trends of offshore wind projects[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,49:1114-1135.
[3]Colmenar-Santos A,Perera-Perez J,Borge-Diez D,et al.Offshore wind energy:A review of the current status,challenges and future development in Spain[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,64:1-18.
[4]Kusiak A,Zhang Zijun.Analysis of wind turbine vibrations based on SCADA data[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2010,132(3):1-12.
[5]Basset K,Rupp C,Ting D S K.Vibration analysis of2.3 MW wind turbine operation using the discrete wavelet transform[J].Wind Engineering,2010,34(4):375-388.
[6]马人乐,马跃强,刘慧群.风电机组塔筒模态的环境脉动实测与数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(5):152-155.Ma Renle,Ma Yueqiang,Liu Huiqun.Ambient vibration test and numerical simulation for modes of wind turbine towers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(5):152-155(in Chinese).
[7]Yang W X,Court R,Jiang J K.Wind turbine condition monitoring by the approach of SCADA data analysis[J].Renewable Energy,2013,53(9):365-376.
[8]Schlechtingen M,Santos I F,Achiche S.Wind turbine condition monitoring based on SCADA data using normal behavior models.Part 1:System description[J].Applied Soft Computing Journal,2013,13(1):259-270.
[9]Schlechtingen M,Santos I F,Achiche S.Wind turbine condition monitoring based on SCADA data using normal behavior models.Part 2:Application examples[J].Applied Soft Computing Journal,2014,14(1):447-460.
[10]Kilic G,Unluturk M S.Testing of wind turbine towers using wireless sensor network and accelerometer[J].Renewable Energy,2015,75:318-325.
[11]Hu W H,Th?ns S,Rohrmann R G,et al.Vibrationbased structural health monitoring of a wind turbine system.Part I:Resonance phenomenon[J].Engineering Structures,2015,89:260-272.
[12]Hu W H,Th?ns S,Rohrmann R G,et al.Vibrationbased structural health monitoring of a wind turbine system Part II:Environmental/operational effects on dynamic properties[J].Engineering Structures,2015,89:273-290.
[13]Currie M,Saafi M,Tachtatzis C,et al.Structural integrity monitoring of onshore wind turbine concrete foundations[J].Renewable Energy,2015,83(4):1131-1138.
[14]姚兴佳.风力发电测试技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011.Yao Xingjia.Measurement Technology in Wind Power[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2011(in Chinese).
[15]Dong X,Lian J,Wang H,et al.Structural vibration monitoring and operational modal analysis of offshore wind turbine structure[J].Ocean Engineering,2018,150:280-297.
[16]Lian Jijian,Ding Hongyan,Zhang Puyang.Design of large-scale prestressing bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2012,18(2):79-84.
[17]Lian Jijian,Sun Liqiang,Zhang Jinfeng,et al.Bearing capacity and technical advantages of composite bucket foundation of offshore wind turbines[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2011,17(2):132-137.
[18]董霄峰,练继建,杨敏,等.海上风机结构工作模态识别的组合降噪方法[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2015,48(3):203-208.Dong Xiaofeng,Lian Jijian Yang Min,et al.A compound de-noising method for operational modal identification of offshore wind turbine structure[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2015,48(3):203-208(in Chinese).
[19]练继建,王海军,秦亮.水电站厂房结构研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.Lian Jijian,Wang Haijun,Qin Liang.Research on Hydropower House Structure[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007(in Chinese).
[20]董霄峰,练继建,王海军.运行状态下海上风机结构振源特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(17):21-28.Dong Xiaofeng,Lian Jijian,Wang Haijun.Study on vibration source features of offshore wind power structure under the operational conditions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(17):21-28(in Chinese).