索穹顶结构体系创新研究
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摘要
我国自2009年开始建有跨度20 m左右的索穹顶,至2016年已建成跨度超百米的索穹顶结构。但回顾国内外所建成的该类空间结构,均属于传统Fuller构想张拉整体类索穹顶。其上、下弦节点只有1根垂直于水平面的撑杆,形式比较单一,如肋环型索穹顶,上弦节点的环向水平刚度较差。为此,提出了Fuller构想单撑杆(不垂直于水平面)类索穹顶,有利于增加结构跨度。并进一步提出了非Fuller构想多撑杆(下弦节点可设置2根、3根、4根撑杆)类索穹顶。这不仅可改善结构传力性能,而且又能减少斜杆(斜索)和环索数量,方便施工张拉成形。若采用多种撑杆(包括单撑杆)且多种方式设置,当上弦选用径向布置时可归纳称之为肋环系列索穹顶,当上弦选用葵花布置时可归纳称之为葵花系列索穹顶。由肋环系列索穹顶和葵花系列索穹顶可构成多种组合形式索穹顶。研究丰富了索穹顶结构形式、体系和类型,为索穹顶的设计和选型提供了新思路、新空间。
Since the first domestic cable dome with 20 meters in diameter was built in 2009,large-span cable dome structures spacing over hundred meters had also been constructed in 2016. But overviewing all of these light-weighted spatial structures existing now at home and abroad,they mainly belong to traditional Fuller tensegrity with tedious configurations and single vertical strut bracing both at upper and lower chord nodes,such as Geiger domes which therefore have weak horizontal stiffness in the upper nodes. This paper presents a series of improved dome structures to achieve larger span by diagonal struts and further puts forward another series of new cable dome structures with two to four multiple struts,which can not only optimize structural performance but also reduce the quantity of diagonal( oblique cords) and ring cables to lessen the workload of tensioning process. When using different number of struts( including single one) and several ways of setting,domes with the upper chords radially distributed can be summarized as 'ribbed series cable domes' and the ones with their counterparts in sunflower layout can be summarized as 'sunflower series cable domes'. Meanwhile,these two series of cable domes can also be combined to achieve composite forms. This study enriches the form,type and system of cable dome structures,and also provides new ideas for the design of cable dome.
Since the first domestic cable dome with 20 meters in diameter was built in 2009,large-span cable dome structures spacing over hundred meters had also been constructed in 2016. But overviewing all of these light-weighted spatial structures existing now at home and abroad,they mainly belong to traditional Fuller tensegrity with tedious configurations and single vertical strut bracing both at upper and lower chord nodes,such as Geiger domes which therefore have weak horizontal stiffness in the upper nodes. This paper presents a series of improved dome structures to achieve larger span by diagonal struts and further puts forward another series of new cable dome structures with two to four multiple struts,which can not only optimize structural performance but also reduce the quantity of diagonal( oblique cords) and ring cables to lessen the workload of tensioning process. When using different number of struts( including single one) and several ways of setting,domes with the upper chords radially distributed can be summarized as 'ribbed series cable domes' and the ones with their counterparts in sunflower layout can be summarized as 'sunflower series cable domes'. Meanwhile,these two series of cable domes can also be combined to achieve composite forms. This study enriches the form,type and system of cable dome structures,and also provides new ideas for the design of cable dome.
引文
[1] GEIGER D H,STEFANIUK A,CHEN D. The design and construction of two cable domes for the Korean Olympics[C]//Shells,Membranes and Space Frame,Proceedings IASS Symposium. Madrid,Spain:IASS,1986:265-272.
[2] LEVY M P. The Georgia Dome and beyond:achieving lightweight-longspan structures[C]//Proceedings of IASS-ASCE International Symposium. Madrid,Spain:IASS,1994:560-562.
[3]陈联盟,袁行飞,董石麟. Kiewitt型索穹顶结构自应力模态分析及优化设计[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(1):73-77.(CHEN Lianmeng,YUAN Xingfei,DONG Shilin. Self-stress mode analysis andoptimal design of Kiewitt domes[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2006,40(1):73-77.(in Chinese))
[4]包红泽,董石麟.鸟巢型索穹顶结构的静力性能分析[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):11-13.(BAO Hongze,DONG Shilin. Analyses on functions of static mechanic in bird-nest cable dome[J]. Building Structure,2008,38(11):11-13.(in Chinese))
[5]卓新,王苗夫,董石麟.逐层双环肋环型索穹顶结构与施工成形方法:200910153530[P]. 2009-09-30.
[6]薛素铎,高占远,李雄彦,等.一种新型预应力空间结构-劲性支撑穹顶[J].空间结构,2013,19(1):3-9.(XUE Suduo,GAO Zhanyuan,LI Xiongyan,et al. A new prestressed spatial structures-rigid bracing dome[J].Spatial Structures,2013,19(1):3-9.(in Chinese))
[7]张成,吴慧,高博青,等.肋环型索穹顶几何法施工及工程应用[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2012,29(3):195-200.(ZHANG Cheng,WU Hui,GAO Boqing,et al. Geometry-based construction technique and application of Geiger type cable dome[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering),2012,29(3):195-200.(in Chinese))
[8]史秋侠,朱智峰,裴敬.无锡太湖国际高科技园区科技交流中心钢屋盖索穹顶结构设计[J].建筑结构,2009,39(增刊1):144-148.(SHI Qiuxia,ZHU Zhifeng,PEI Jing. Cable dome design in the steel structure of International High-tech Garden in Taihu Lake in Wuxi City[J]. Building Structure,2009,39(Suppl. 1):144-148.(in Chinese))
[9]洪国松,黄利顺,孙锋,等.伊金霍洛旗体育中心大型索穹顶施工技术[J].建筑技术,2011,42(11):1012-1014.(HONG Guosong,HUANG Lishun,SUN Feng,et al. Construction technique for large cable dome of Ejin Horo Banner Sports Center[J]. Construction Technology,2011,42(11):1012-1014.(in Chinese))
[10]张国军,葛家琪,王树,等.内蒙古伊旗全民健身体育中心索穹顶结构体系设计研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):12-22.(ZHANG Guojun,GE Jiaqi,WANG Shu,et al. Design and research on cable dome structural system of the National Fitness Center in Ejin Horo Banner,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):12-22.(in Chinese))
[11] FULLER R B. Tensile-integrity structures:3063521[P]. 1962-11-13.
[12]董石麟,梁昊庆.肋环人字型索穹顶受力特性及其预应力态的分析法[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(6),102-108.(DONG Shilin,LIANG Haoqing. Mechanical characteristics and analysis of prestressing force distribution of herringbone ribbed cable dome[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(6),102-108.(in Chinese))
[13]张爱林,白羽,刘学春,等.新型脊杆环撑索穹顶结构静力性能分析[J].空间结构,2017,23(3):11-20.(ZHANG Ailin,BAI Yu,LIU Xuechun,et al.Static behavior analysis of new-type ridge tube cable dome with annular struts[J]. Spatial Structures,2017,23(3):11-20.(in Chinese))
[14]董石麟,梁昊庆.肋环四角锥撑杆型索穹顶的形体及预应力态分析[C]//第十五届空间结构学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学,2014:1-10.(DONG Shilin,LIANG Haoqing. Mechanical configuration and analysis of prestressing force distribution of square pyramid ribbed cable dome[C]//Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Spatial Structure. Shanghai:Tongji University,2014:1-10.(in Chinese))
[15]董石麟,袁行飞.肋环型索穹顶初始预应力分布的快速计算法[J].空间结构,2003,9(2):3-8.(DONG Shilin,YUAN Xingfei. A quick calculation method for initial prestress distribution of Geiger domes[J]. Spatial Structures,2003,9(2):3-8.(in Chinese))
[16]董石麟,袁行飞.葵花型索穹顶初始预应力分布的简捷计算法[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(6):9-14.(DONG Shilin, YUAN Xingfei. A simplified calculation method for initial prestress distribution of sunflower-patterned cable dome[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(6):9-14.(in Chinese))
[2] LEVY M P. The Georgia Dome and beyond:achieving lightweight-longspan structures[C]//Proceedings of IASS-ASCE International Symposium. Madrid,Spain:IASS,1994:560-562.
[3]陈联盟,袁行飞,董石麟. Kiewitt型索穹顶结构自应力模态分析及优化设计[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(1):73-77.(CHEN Lianmeng,YUAN Xingfei,DONG Shilin. Self-stress mode analysis andoptimal design of Kiewitt domes[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2006,40(1):73-77.(in Chinese))
[4]包红泽,董石麟.鸟巢型索穹顶结构的静力性能分析[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):11-13.(BAO Hongze,DONG Shilin. Analyses on functions of static mechanic in bird-nest cable dome[J]. Building Structure,2008,38(11):11-13.(in Chinese))
[5]卓新,王苗夫,董石麟.逐层双环肋环型索穹顶结构与施工成形方法:200910153530[P]. 2009-09-30.
[6]薛素铎,高占远,李雄彦,等.一种新型预应力空间结构-劲性支撑穹顶[J].空间结构,2013,19(1):3-9.(XUE Suduo,GAO Zhanyuan,LI Xiongyan,et al. A new prestressed spatial structures-rigid bracing dome[J].Spatial Structures,2013,19(1):3-9.(in Chinese))
[7]张成,吴慧,高博青,等.肋环型索穹顶几何法施工及工程应用[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2012,29(3):195-200.(ZHANG Cheng,WU Hui,GAO Boqing,et al. Geometry-based construction technique and application of Geiger type cable dome[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering),2012,29(3):195-200.(in Chinese))
[8]史秋侠,朱智峰,裴敬.无锡太湖国际高科技园区科技交流中心钢屋盖索穹顶结构设计[J].建筑结构,2009,39(增刊1):144-148.(SHI Qiuxia,ZHU Zhifeng,PEI Jing. Cable dome design in the steel structure of International High-tech Garden in Taihu Lake in Wuxi City[J]. Building Structure,2009,39(Suppl. 1):144-148.(in Chinese))
[9]洪国松,黄利顺,孙锋,等.伊金霍洛旗体育中心大型索穹顶施工技术[J].建筑技术,2011,42(11):1012-1014.(HONG Guosong,HUANG Lishun,SUN Feng,et al. Construction technique for large cable dome of Ejin Horo Banner Sports Center[J]. Construction Technology,2011,42(11):1012-1014.(in Chinese))
[10]张国军,葛家琪,王树,等.内蒙古伊旗全民健身体育中心索穹顶结构体系设计研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(4):12-22.(ZHANG Guojun,GE Jiaqi,WANG Shu,et al. Design and research on cable dome structural system of the National Fitness Center in Ejin Horo Banner,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(4):12-22.(in Chinese))
[11] FULLER R B. Tensile-integrity structures:3063521[P]. 1962-11-13.
[12]董石麟,梁昊庆.肋环人字型索穹顶受力特性及其预应力态的分析法[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(6),102-108.(DONG Shilin,LIANG Haoqing. Mechanical characteristics and analysis of prestressing force distribution of herringbone ribbed cable dome[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(6),102-108.(in Chinese))
[13]张爱林,白羽,刘学春,等.新型脊杆环撑索穹顶结构静力性能分析[J].空间结构,2017,23(3):11-20.(ZHANG Ailin,BAI Yu,LIU Xuechun,et al.Static behavior analysis of new-type ridge tube cable dome with annular struts[J]. Spatial Structures,2017,23(3):11-20.(in Chinese))
[14]董石麟,梁昊庆.肋环四角锥撑杆型索穹顶的形体及预应力态分析[C]//第十五届空间结构学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学,2014:1-10.(DONG Shilin,LIANG Haoqing. Mechanical configuration and analysis of prestressing force distribution of square pyramid ribbed cable dome[C]//Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Spatial Structure. Shanghai:Tongji University,2014:1-10.(in Chinese))
[15]董石麟,袁行飞.肋环型索穹顶初始预应力分布的快速计算法[J].空间结构,2003,9(2):3-8.(DONG Shilin,YUAN Xingfei. A quick calculation method for initial prestress distribution of Geiger domes[J]. Spatial Structures,2003,9(2):3-8.(in Chinese))
[16]董石麟,袁行飞.葵花型索穹顶初始预应力分布的简捷计算法[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(6):9-14.(DONG Shilin, YUAN Xingfei. A simplified calculation method for initial prestress distribution of sunflower-patterned cable dome[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(6):9-14.(in Chinese))