面向组合维修的海上风电场运行维护建模及仿真
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摘要
海上风电场运行维护受环境条件制约,传统的陆上风电场运行维护评估方法并不适用于海上。为了解决这个问题,文中基于传统海上风电场运行维护流程,充分考虑组合维修的需求,构建了更加符合实际情况的海上风电场运行维护流程。将面向组合维修的运行维护流程划分为故障发现、备品运输和出海维修3个子模块,研究了3个子模块的数学模拟方法,并利用蒙特卡洛方法建立海上风电场运行维护模型。仿真结果表明,所建立的运行维护模型可以模拟海上风电场的运行维护情况,并能较为准确地推算可利用率、总发电量、损失发电量及运行维护成本等关键指标。同时,结合运行维护模型和灵敏度分析方法,可辅助运行维护船舶参数设计等运行维护策略的优化。
Owing to constraints of environmental conditions,conventional evaluation methods developed for onshore wind farms are no longer suitable for offshore wind farms.To solve this problem,the need of combined repair has been fully considered and introduced into the traditional operation and maintenance(O&M)process to develop a more realistic and optimal process for offshore wind farms.The combined repair oriented O&M model for offshore wind farm has been implemented by dividing the O&M process into sub-modules and studying the mathematical simulation for each sub-module,including fault detection,spare-part management and offshore maintenance.Simulation results show that the O&M model developed can simulate the O&M for differently sized offshore wind farms under various environmental conditions and predict their availability,power generation,power loss and O&M cost with good accuracy.In addition,the implementation of this O&M model along with the sensitivity analysis method can assist in determining the optimal parameters for O&M vessels.
Owing to constraints of environmental conditions,conventional evaluation methods developed for onshore wind farms are no longer suitable for offshore wind farms.To solve this problem,the need of combined repair has been fully considered and introduced into the traditional operation and maintenance(O&M)process to develop a more realistic and optimal process for offshore wind farms.The combined repair oriented O&M model for offshore wind farm has been implemented by dividing the O&M process into sub-modules and studying the mathematical simulation for each sub-module,including fault detection,spare-part management and offshore maintenance.Simulation results show that the O&M model developed can simulate the O&M for differently sized offshore wind farms under various environmental conditions and predict their availability,power generation,power loss and O&M cost with good accuracy.In addition,the implementation of this O&M model along with the sensitivity analysis method can assist in determining the optimal parameters for O&M vessels.
引文
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[2]许莉,李锋,彭洪兵.中国海上风电发展与环境问题研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(增刊1):135-138.XU Li,LI Feng,PENG Hongbing.Development of offshore wind power and its environmental problems in China[J].China Population Resources and Environment,2015,25(Supplement 1):135-138.
[3]赵锐.中国海上风电产业发展主要问题及创新思路[J].生态经济,2013(3):97-101.ZHAO Rui.Main problems and innovative ideas on the development of offshore wind power industry in China[J].Ecological Economy,2013(3):97-101.
[4]MADARIAGA A,DE ALEGRA I M,MARTN J L,et al.Current facts about offshore wind farms[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(5):3105-3116.
[5]陈皓勇,谭科,席松涛,等.海上风电的经营期成本计算模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(13):135-139.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20131015015.CHEN Haoyong,TAN Ke,XI Songtao,et al.A model for calculating operation period cost of offshore wind power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(13):135-139.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20131015015.
[6]KOOPSTRA H.An integrated and generic approach for effective offshore wind farm operations&maintenance[D].TUDelft:Delft University of Technology,2015.
[7]JOSCHKO P,WIDOK A H,APPEL S,et al.Modeling and simulation of offshore wind farm O&M processes[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2015,52:31-39.
[8]CHENG L,LIU M,SUN Y,et al.A multi-state model for wind farms considering operational outage probability[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2013,1(2):177-185.
[9]黄玲玲,符杨,胡荣,等.基于运行维护的海上风电机组可用性评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(16):13-17.HUANG Lingling,FU Yang,HU Rong,et al.Availability evaluation of offshore wind turbine considering operation and maintenance[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(16):13-17.
[10]徐龙博,李煜东,汪少勇,等.海上风电场数字化发展设想[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):189-193.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130613018.XU Longbo,LI Yidong,WANG Shaoyong,et al.Digital development assumptions of offshore wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(3):189-193.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130613018.
[11]SHAFIEE M.Maintenance logistics organization for offshore wind energy:current progress and future perspectives[J].Renewable Energy,2015,77(5):182-193.
[12]ZHANG Z Y.Scheduling and routing optimization of maintenance fleet for offshore wind farms using duo-ACO[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,1039:294-301.
[13]KOVCS A,ERDS G,VIHAROS Z J,et al.A system for the detailed scheduling of wind farm maintenance[J].CIRPAnnals-Manufacturing Technology,2011,60(1):497-501.
[14]HAGEN B A L.Sensitivity analysis of O&M costs for offshore wind farms[D].Trondheim:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,2013.
[15]万春秋,王峻,杨耕,等.基于威布尔分布的风电场微观选址优化[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(7):999-1004.WAN Chunqiu,WANG Jun,YANG Geng,et al.Optimal micro-siting of wind farm based on Weibull distribution[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(7):999-1004.
[16]李天然,舒锋敏,黄莉莉,等.南海北部风浪特征的计算[J].广东气象,2009,31(5):6-9.LI Tianran,SHU Fengmin,HUANG Lili,et al.Characteristics and calculation of wind wave in northern South China Sea[J].Guangdong Meteorology,2009,31(5):6-9.
[17]MAPLES B,SAUR G,HAND M,et al.Installation,operation,and maintenance strategies to reduce the cost of offshore wind energy[R].Denver,USA:NREL,2013.
[18]池洁.设备使用过程中的故障分布及可靠度变化分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006,28(5):51-54.CHI Jie.Study on the failure distribution and reliability variation of the equipment in use[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2006,28(5):51-54.
[19]WILKINSON M,HENDRIKS B,SPINATO F,et al.Methodology and results of the ReliaWind reliability field study[C]//European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition2010,April 20-23,2010,Warsaw,Poland:1984-2004.
[20]WILKINSON M,HENDRIKS B,TAVNER P.Report on wind turbine reliability profiles[R].2011.