美国专业考试机构ETS的组织定位分析与启示
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摘要
美国教育考试服务中心(Educational Testing Service,ETS)是全球规模最大的非营利教育测量机构。它通过提供公平有效的评估、研究及相关服务来促进全世界的教育质量与公平。ETS对组织角色进行科学定位,严格依据有关法律条款开展组织活动,制定测验质量管理标准体系,依托科研能力强化组织竞争优势,实施发展型组织战略,使其一直保持国际教育测量行业领导者地位,引领世界教育评估理论与技术发展趋势。ETS的组织角色定位与发展策略为我国省级教育考试机构专业化建设带来重要启示。
Educational Testing Service(ETS), as the largest nonprofit education testing organization, advances quality and equity in education by providing fair and valid assessments, research and related services. Based on rational definition of organization role and function, ETS carried out organizational activities strictly in accordance with Section 501(c)(3), established comprehensive stand system for test quality control, enhanced its competitive strength relying on great research capacity, and implemented a developmental strategy. Because of those mentioned above, ETS has maintained the leader of education measurement worldwide and has been leading the development of test theory and technology. ETS's strategy of role orientation has brought valuable reference to professionalization of provincial education examinations authorities in China.
Educational Testing Service(ETS), as the largest nonprofit education testing organization, advances quality and equity in education by providing fair and valid assessments, research and related services. Based on rational definition of organization role and function, ETS carried out organizational activities strictly in accordance with Section 501(c)(3), established comprehensive stand system for test quality control, enhanced its competitive strength relying on great research capacity, and implemented a developmental strategy. Because of those mentioned above, ETS has maintained the leader of education measurement worldwide and has been leading the development of test theory and technology. ETS's strategy of role orientation has brought valuable reference to professionalization of provincial education examinations authorities in China.
引文
[1]ETS.Who We Are[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who.
[2]ETS.Test Developers[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/test_develop.
[3]ETS.Statisticians and Psychometricians[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/statistician_psychometrician.
[4]ETS.Leaders in Developing Performance Assessments[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/leaders.
[5]ETS.Experts in Global Assessment[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/international_assessment.
[6]ETS.A Research Community[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/research.
[7]ETS.Education Policy Specialists[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/ed_policy_specialists.
[8]Wikipedia.501(c)organization[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)_organization.
[9]BENNETT,R E.What Does it Mean to be a Nonprofit Educational Measurement Organization in the 21st Century[M].Princeton,NJ:ETS,2005.1-12.
[10]ETS.Fairness[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/fairness.
[11]ETS.Research Capabilities and Services[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/research/capabilities.
[12]ETS.Research Topics[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.ets.org/research/topics.
[13]ETS.Education Topics[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.ets.org/education_topics.
[14]ETS.Our Subsidiaries[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.ets.org/about/subsidiaries.
[15]中共中央,国务院.国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)[J].人民教育,2010(17):2-15.
[16]教育部.教育部关于印发《国家教育事业发展第十二个五年规划》的通知[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,2012(28):24-57.
[2]ETS.Test Developers[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/test_develop.
[3]ETS.Statisticians and Psychometricians[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/statistician_psychometrician.
[4]ETS.Leaders in Developing Performance Assessments[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/leaders.
[5]ETS.Experts in Global Assessment[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/international_assessment.
[6]ETS.A Research Community[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/research.
[7]ETS.Education Policy Specialists[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/who/ed_policy_specialists.
[8]Wikipedia.501(c)organization[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)_organization.
[9]BENNETT,R E.What Does it Mean to be a Nonprofit Educational Measurement Organization in the 21st Century[M].Princeton,NJ:ETS,2005.1-12.
[10]ETS.Fairness[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/about/fairness.
[11]ETS.Research Capabilities and Services[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].https://www.ets.org/research/capabilities.
[12]ETS.Research Topics[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.ets.org/research/topics.
[13]ETS.Education Topics[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.ets.org/education_topics.
[14]ETS.Our Subsidiaries[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.ets.org/about/subsidiaries.
[15]中共中央,国务院.国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)[J].人民教育,2010(17):2-15.
[16]教育部.教育部关于印发《国家教育事业发展第十二个五年规划》的通知[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,2012(28):24-57.